Xavier Fernando - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Xavier Fernando

Future Internet

Recently, the growing demand of various emerging applications in the realms of sixth-generation (... more Recently, the growing demand of various emerging applications in the realms of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has made the term internet of Things (IoT) very popular. Device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as one of the significant enablers for the 6G-based IoT network. Recently, the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been considered as a hardware-efficient innovative scheme for future wireless networks due to its ability to mitigate propagation-induced impairments and to realize a smart radio environment. Such an IRS-assisted D2D underlay cellular network is investigated in this paper. Our aim is to maximize the network’s spectrum efficiency (SE) by jointly optimizing the transmit power of both the cellular users (CUs) and the D2D pairs, the resource reuse indicators, and the IRS reflection coefficients. Instead of using traditional optimization solution schemes to solve this mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, a reinforcement learning (RL) approa...

Handbook of Research on Investigations in Artificial Life Research and Development

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have paved way for improved healthcare... more Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have paved way for improved healthcare and facilitates remote health monitoring. Geriatric remote health monitoring system (GRHMS) uses WBAN (wireless body area network) which provides flexibility and mobility for the patients. GRHMS uses complex event processing (CEP) to detect the abnormality in patient's health condition, formulate contexts based on spatiotemporal relations between vital parameters, learn rules dynamically, and generate alerts in real time. Even though CEP is powerful in detecting abnormal events, its capability is limited due to uncertain incoming events, static rule base, and scalability problem. To address the above challenges, this chapter proposes an enhanced CEP (eCEP) which encompasses augmented CEP (a-CEP), a statistical event refinement model to minimize the error due to uncertainty, dynamic CEP (DCEP) to add and delete rules dynamically into the rule base and scalable CEP (SCEP) to address s...

Drones

This article presents a survey of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and data fusion te... more This article presents a survey of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and data fusion techniques for object detection and environmental scene perception in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We critically evaluate some current SLAM implementations in robotics and autonomous vehicles and their applicability and scalability to UAVs. SLAM is envisioned as a potential technique for object detection and scene perception to enable UAV navigation through continuous state estimation. In this article, we bridge the gap between SLAM and data fusion in UAVs while also comprehensively surveying related object detection techniques such as visual odometry and aerial photogrammetry. We begin with an introduction to applications where UAV localization is necessary, followed by an analysis of multimodal sensor data fusion to fuse the information gathered from different sensors mounted on UAVs. We then discuss SLAM techniques such as Kalman filters and extended Kalman filters to address scene ...

2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)

This article presents a comprehensive survey of visible light communication (VLC) between devices... more This article presents a comprehensive survey of visible light communication (VLC) between devices in 6G internet of things (IoT) architecture. For effective stationary and mobile device-to-device communication in both indoors and outdoors, VLC is envisaged as a technique that can enable a robust and inexpensive, interference and radiation-free IoT communications. Whereas the demands on the growth in IoT network traffic and expanded verticals are met through 5G, 5G+ and beyond 5G (B5G); communication between two IoT devices in close vicinity without resorting to radio frequency (RF) spectrum usage is still a challenging problem and lies at a crucial research stage. One potential solution is to resort to optical wireless communication (OWC), especially VLC to venture into alternatives to radio frequency (RF) communication. In this article, we aim to bridge the gap between VLC and its applications in IoT through a comprehensive survey of VLC and its applications in IoT. We begin with an introduction to IoT and emerging verticals such as internet-of-metasurfaces, internet-of- reflecting-surfaces, internet-of -nanothings, internet-of-bionanomaterials, and internet-of-space-things. Based on the current survey, several recommendations for further research are discussed at the end of this article.

2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)

Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN) are known to be energy constrained because they are req... more Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN) are known to be energy constrained because they are required to perform cognitive functions in addition to sensing, which reduces the lifetime of CWSN. RF Wireless Energy Harvesting (RFWEH) is known to improve network lifetime by compensating energy losses through harvesting gain without any additional hardware. However, the allocation of time slots for energy harvesting results in degradation of network parameters such as latency and throughput. In this paper, we propose an energy harvesting MAC protocol (R-MAC) for CWSN that balances network energy losses with harvested energy gains, thereby resulting in a self sustainable CWSN. This is done such that both latency and throughput remain close to predefined target values. R-MAC employs TDMA and relies on clustering for creation and dissemination of the schedule. We also propose an algorithm to add harvesting slots based on a recursive regression technique to achieve the energy balance. Using simulation we compared its performance with the well known cognitive KoNMAC protocol, after incorporating energy harvesting in it. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol increases the lifetime of the CWSN nodes substantially, resulting in an energy self sufficient network while maintaining throughput and latency within acceptable limits.

2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2017

With the ever-increasing population and change in lifestyle, transport and communication is becom... more With the ever-increasing population and change in lifestyle, transport and communication is becoming more demanding. Every year, roads see significant increase in the number of vehicles. Urbanization and convergence of population makes it more challenging to handle communication in a more secure and efficient way. Several accidents and mishaps happen mainly because of drivers' error. Due to this, it becomes very important to monitor driver behavior in real-time. With several sensors doing this job, in addition to sensors for the vehicle and environment, data aggregation and communication becomes yet another challenge. To cope with time-sensitivity of the data communication, fog computing paradigm is to be involved. In this paper, we present a fog-based architecture for driver behavior monitoring and assisting intelligent transportation system (ITS). We provide evaluation on how much fog can assist in this regard, by making a comparison of cloud-only and fog-cloud scenarios.

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513)

Page 1. RADIO OVER MULTIMODE FIBER FOR WIRELESS ACCESS Roland Yuen Xavier N. Fernando Sridhar Kri... more Page 1. RADIO OVER MULTIMODE FIBER FOR WIRELESS ACCESS Roland Yuen Xavier N. Fernando Sridhar Krishnan Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada r yuenaee. ryerson. ca xavier Qieee. org krishnanQee. ryerson. ca ...

Visible Light Communications, 2019

2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2018

Objective predictor of perceived modifications to images, or the so-called Photoshop metric, find... more Objective predictor of perceived modifications to images, or the so-called Photoshop metric, finds many applications and is particularly desirable in the fashion industry. A promising solution to the problem is information distance, which measures the minimal number of bits required to transform one object to another. The application of information distance measures to photo editing assessment, however, is perplexed by human visual system characteristics, such as the difference in attention levels to different parts of an image, and the varying sensitivity at detecting different types of image distortions. Here we make one of the first attempts to develop an information distance based measure for Photoshop metric, where information distancebased features are used to train a Support Vector Regressor (SVR). Experimental results show that the proposed metric is well correlated with mean human observer ratings.

SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2018

In this chapter, a taxonomy for the resource allocation (RA) process in CRNs is provided. In part... more In this chapter, a taxonomy for the resource allocation (RA) process in CRNs is provided. In particular, the RA problem is categorized first according to the adopted approach which could be centralized, or distributed. Second, based on the network architecture, the RA problem is also classified as infrastructure based or ad-hoc. Third, according to the problem objective, the basic elements of RA in CRNs may include: throughput (sum-rate), power, delay, QoS, fairness etc. Finally, the algorithms are also classified according to the strategy used for solving the problem which can be an optimization technique, heuristic, game theory, graph theory etc. Figure 3.1 provides the adopted taxonomy in detail.

International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS), Dec 3, 2016

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) emerged as a paradigm to solve the problem of limited spectrum av... more Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) emerged as a paradigm to solve the problem of limited spectrum availability and the spectrum underutilization in wireless networks by opportunistically exploiting portions of the spectrum temporarily vacated by licensed primary users (PUs). Routing in CRNs is a challenging problem due to the PU activities and mobility. On the other hand, energy aware routing is very important in energy-constraint CRNs. In addition, it is crucial that CR users efficiently exchange data with each other before the appearance of PUs. To design a robust routing scheme for mobile CR ad hoc networks (CRANs), the constraints on residual energy of each CR user, reliability, and the protection of PUs must additionally be taken into account. Moreover, multipath routing has great potential for improving the end-to-end performance of ad hoc networks. Considering all these evidences, in this paper, we propose an energy aware on-demand multipath routing (EOMR) protocol for mobile CRANs to ensure the robustness and to improve the throughput. The proposed routing scheme involves energy efficient multipath route selection and spectrum allocation jointly. The simulation results show that our approach improves the overall performance of the network.

2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2018

Precoding is a technique which exploits transmission diversity by weighting the information strea... more Precoding is a technique which exploits transmission diversity by weighting the information stream, i.e. the transmitter sends the coded information to the receiver to achieve pre-knowledge of the channel. Visible light communication (VLC) channels inherently exhibit frequency-selective and multi-path fading effects that result in intersymbol interference (ISI) and thus reduces the data rate. To this end, optical multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can provide spatial diversity and thus achieve a high data rate. Inspired by these facts, we investigate different precoding and equalization schemes for 2times22 \times 22times2 MIMO for the vehicle to vehicle (V2V-VLC) system. In this work, we consider three detection schemes, Zero Forcing (ZF), Maximum likelihood (ML), and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE). Also, we consider flickering/dimming control and the nature of outdoor VLC channel as a frequency selective channel. Moreover, we investigate a transceiver considering perfect CSI based on different detection algorithms. Simulation results of the investigated transceiver demonstrate improvements in Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) for the MMSE scheme.

There is an increasing demand for reliable communications systems in underground mines and tunnel... more There is an increasing demand for reliable communications systems in underground mines and tunnels. This is especially true when these systems need to ensure the safety of personnel involved in the mining operations and also to provide infrastructure for mine's communication networks. Stability problems are among the challenges of providing reliable communications in the underground mines. This thesis has focused on analyzing the stability problems in the communication systems of leaky cable technology. Novel algorithms have been developed to provide Automatic Gain and Slope Controls for the leaky feeder communication systems in the underground mines. The new algorithms are based on predications. The amplifiers in the system cascade will be able to predict and compensate for losses yet to occur in the system. System stability will be improved as a result of applying these algorithms by controlling the gains and the slopes of the amplifiers in the systems.

2017 IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference (IHTC), 2017

Visible light communication (VLC) system has been widely used in underground mines, to support co... more Visible light communication (VLC) system has been widely used in underground mines, to support communication-blind areas, due to its superior benefits compared to Wi-Fi. These benefits include low energy consumption, wide frequency spectrum (430–790) THZ, higher data rates and small-sized infrastructure. Moreover, radio waves have poor underground communication capabilities, due to irregular data propagation and limited frequency ranges. Therefore, cannot be used underground for affective communication required for health and safety measures in mines environment. In this paper, we introduce VLC based communication system for underground mines, for reducing the probability of accidents, and improving safety for mines work environment. We model the communication channel considering the shadowing and mines dust effects on optical signals. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of BER and improved received power, specially for small distance between the transmitter and receiver.

Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications, 2014

When nonlinear distortion of the fiber channel and the multipath dispersion of the wireless chann... more When nonlinear distortion of the fiber channel and the multipath dispersion of the wireless channel are combined together, equalization is a very interesting challenge. These two distortions have to be dealt jointly when the baseband DSP approach is used. In this chapter a novel algorithm is developed to equalize the both the static nonlinearity of the optical channel and the dynamic multipath dispersion of the wireless channel. A patented equalizer structure is described that compensates for the linear and nonlinear portions separately.

2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2010

2018 29th Biennial Symposium on Communications (BSC), 2018

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are integral part ... more Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are integral part of 5G systems. They can be viewed in three dimensional (3D) space where, each slice represents a unique tier that has its own Base stations (BS) and user equipments (UEs). Different slices cooperate with each other for mutual benefit. Data can be interactively exchanged among the tiers, and UEs have the flexibility to switch between the tiers. Poisson point process (PPP) has been widely used to allocate BSs and UEs among various tiers so far. However, BS locations using PPP approach may not be optimum to reduce interference. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm to find the optimum locations of Macro BSs in HetNets where every Macro BS along with its associate Micro BSs is treated as an independent unit after almost eliminating interference from neighboring Macro and Micro BSs. Hence, this approach provides increased coverage area and enhanced quality of service. Simulation results show the validity of our approach and promises enhancement to system performance.

Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications, 2014

Visible Light Communications, 2019

Emergency and Disaster Management, 2019

Emergency response and disaster management in underground mines are very challenging due to the h... more Emergency response and disaster management in underground mines are very challenging due to the hostile nature. Environment monitoring in mines has been an obligatory requirement to ensure safe working conditions for miners. Reliable communication network is essential to quickly detect the underground condition especially in emergency situation and to conduct proper rescue operations. This chapter presents an overview of reliable communication network needed for emergency response and disaster management in underground mines. The chapter begins by introducing the most common accidents occurring in the mining, underground mine environment and channel properties. Subsequently, communications in underground mines, existing underground communication and tracking systems, and disaster forecasting & mine safety management are discussed. The chapter also covers post-disaster mine communications & tracking systems and optimized backbone networks for underground mines. Finally, the chapter c...

Future Internet

Recently, the growing demand of various emerging applications in the realms of sixth-generation (... more Recently, the growing demand of various emerging applications in the realms of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks has made the term internet of Things (IoT) very popular. Device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as one of the significant enablers for the 6G-based IoT network. Recently, the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been considered as a hardware-efficient innovative scheme for future wireless networks due to its ability to mitigate propagation-induced impairments and to realize a smart radio environment. Such an IRS-assisted D2D underlay cellular network is investigated in this paper. Our aim is to maximize the network’s spectrum efficiency (SE) by jointly optimizing the transmit power of both the cellular users (CUs) and the D2D pairs, the resource reuse indicators, and the IRS reflection coefficients. Instead of using traditional optimization solution schemes to solve this mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, a reinforcement learning (RL) approa...

Handbook of Research on Investigations in Artificial Life Research and Development

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have paved way for improved healthcare... more Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have paved way for improved healthcare and facilitates remote health monitoring. Geriatric remote health monitoring system (GRHMS) uses WBAN (wireless body area network) which provides flexibility and mobility for the patients. GRHMS uses complex event processing (CEP) to detect the abnormality in patient's health condition, formulate contexts based on spatiotemporal relations between vital parameters, learn rules dynamically, and generate alerts in real time. Even though CEP is powerful in detecting abnormal events, its capability is limited due to uncertain incoming events, static rule base, and scalability problem. To address the above challenges, this chapter proposes an enhanced CEP (eCEP) which encompasses augmented CEP (a-CEP), a statistical event refinement model to minimize the error due to uncertainty, dynamic CEP (DCEP) to add and delete rules dynamically into the rule base and scalable CEP (SCEP) to address s...

Drones

This article presents a survey of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and data fusion te... more This article presents a survey of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and data fusion techniques for object detection and environmental scene perception in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We critically evaluate some current SLAM implementations in robotics and autonomous vehicles and their applicability and scalability to UAVs. SLAM is envisioned as a potential technique for object detection and scene perception to enable UAV navigation through continuous state estimation. In this article, we bridge the gap between SLAM and data fusion in UAVs while also comprehensively surveying related object detection techniques such as visual odometry and aerial photogrammetry. We begin with an introduction to applications where UAV localization is necessary, followed by an analysis of multimodal sensor data fusion to fuse the information gathered from different sensors mounted on UAVs. We then discuss SLAM techniques such as Kalman filters and extended Kalman filters to address scene ...

2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)

This article presents a comprehensive survey of visible light communication (VLC) between devices... more This article presents a comprehensive survey of visible light communication (VLC) between devices in 6G internet of things (IoT) architecture. For effective stationary and mobile device-to-device communication in both indoors and outdoors, VLC is envisaged as a technique that can enable a robust and inexpensive, interference and radiation-free IoT communications. Whereas the demands on the growth in IoT network traffic and expanded verticals are met through 5G, 5G+ and beyond 5G (B5G); communication between two IoT devices in close vicinity without resorting to radio frequency (RF) spectrum usage is still a challenging problem and lies at a crucial research stage. One potential solution is to resort to optical wireless communication (OWC), especially VLC to venture into alternatives to radio frequency (RF) communication. In this article, we aim to bridge the gap between VLC and its applications in IoT through a comprehensive survey of VLC and its applications in IoT. We begin with an introduction to IoT and emerging verticals such as internet-of-metasurfaces, internet-of- reflecting-surfaces, internet-of -nanothings, internet-of-bionanomaterials, and internet-of-space-things. Based on the current survey, several recommendations for further research are discussed at the end of this article.

2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)

Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN) are known to be energy constrained because they are req... more Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN) are known to be energy constrained because they are required to perform cognitive functions in addition to sensing, which reduces the lifetime of CWSN. RF Wireless Energy Harvesting (RFWEH) is known to improve network lifetime by compensating energy losses through harvesting gain without any additional hardware. However, the allocation of time slots for energy harvesting results in degradation of network parameters such as latency and throughput. In this paper, we propose an energy harvesting MAC protocol (R-MAC) for CWSN that balances network energy losses with harvested energy gains, thereby resulting in a self sustainable CWSN. This is done such that both latency and throughput remain close to predefined target values. R-MAC employs TDMA and relies on clustering for creation and dissemination of the schedule. We also propose an algorithm to add harvesting slots based on a recursive regression technique to achieve the energy balance. Using simulation we compared its performance with the well known cognitive KoNMAC protocol, after incorporating energy harvesting in it. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol increases the lifetime of the CWSN nodes substantially, resulting in an energy self sufficient network while maintaining throughput and latency within acceptable limits.

2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2017

With the ever-increasing population and change in lifestyle, transport and communication is becom... more With the ever-increasing population and change in lifestyle, transport and communication is becoming more demanding. Every year, roads see significant increase in the number of vehicles. Urbanization and convergence of population makes it more challenging to handle communication in a more secure and efficient way. Several accidents and mishaps happen mainly because of drivers' error. Due to this, it becomes very important to monitor driver behavior in real-time. With several sensors doing this job, in addition to sensors for the vehicle and environment, data aggregation and communication becomes yet another challenge. To cope with time-sensitivity of the data communication, fog computing paradigm is to be involved. In this paper, we present a fog-based architecture for driver behavior monitoring and assisting intelligent transportation system (ITS). We provide evaluation on how much fog can assist in this regard, by making a comparison of cloud-only and fog-cloud scenarios.

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513)

Page 1. RADIO OVER MULTIMODE FIBER FOR WIRELESS ACCESS Roland Yuen Xavier N. Fernando Sridhar Kri... more Page 1. RADIO OVER MULTIMODE FIBER FOR WIRELESS ACCESS Roland Yuen Xavier N. Fernando Sridhar Krishnan Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada r yuenaee. ryerson. ca xavier Qieee. org krishnanQee. ryerson. ca ...

Visible Light Communications, 2019

2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2018

Objective predictor of perceived modifications to images, or the so-called Photoshop metric, find... more Objective predictor of perceived modifications to images, or the so-called Photoshop metric, finds many applications and is particularly desirable in the fashion industry. A promising solution to the problem is information distance, which measures the minimal number of bits required to transform one object to another. The application of information distance measures to photo editing assessment, however, is perplexed by human visual system characteristics, such as the difference in attention levels to different parts of an image, and the varying sensitivity at detecting different types of image distortions. Here we make one of the first attempts to develop an information distance based measure for Photoshop metric, where information distancebased features are used to train a Support Vector Regressor (SVR). Experimental results show that the proposed metric is well correlated with mean human observer ratings.

SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2018

In this chapter, a taxonomy for the resource allocation (RA) process in CRNs is provided. In part... more In this chapter, a taxonomy for the resource allocation (RA) process in CRNs is provided. In particular, the RA problem is categorized first according to the adopted approach which could be centralized, or distributed. Second, based on the network architecture, the RA problem is also classified as infrastructure based or ad-hoc. Third, according to the problem objective, the basic elements of RA in CRNs may include: throughput (sum-rate), power, delay, QoS, fairness etc. Finally, the algorithms are also classified according to the strategy used for solving the problem which can be an optimization technique, heuristic, game theory, graph theory etc. Figure 3.1 provides the adopted taxonomy in detail.

International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS), Dec 3, 2016

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) emerged as a paradigm to solve the problem of limited spectrum av... more Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) emerged as a paradigm to solve the problem of limited spectrum availability and the spectrum underutilization in wireless networks by opportunistically exploiting portions of the spectrum temporarily vacated by licensed primary users (PUs). Routing in CRNs is a challenging problem due to the PU activities and mobility. On the other hand, energy aware routing is very important in energy-constraint CRNs. In addition, it is crucial that CR users efficiently exchange data with each other before the appearance of PUs. To design a robust routing scheme for mobile CR ad hoc networks (CRANs), the constraints on residual energy of each CR user, reliability, and the protection of PUs must additionally be taken into account. Moreover, multipath routing has great potential for improving the end-to-end performance of ad hoc networks. Considering all these evidences, in this paper, we propose an energy aware on-demand multipath routing (EOMR) protocol for mobile CRANs to ensure the robustness and to improve the throughput. The proposed routing scheme involves energy efficient multipath route selection and spectrum allocation jointly. The simulation results show that our approach improves the overall performance of the network.

2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2018

Precoding is a technique which exploits transmission diversity by weighting the information strea... more Precoding is a technique which exploits transmission diversity by weighting the information stream, i.e. the transmitter sends the coded information to the receiver to achieve pre-knowledge of the channel. Visible light communication (VLC) channels inherently exhibit frequency-selective and multi-path fading effects that result in intersymbol interference (ISI) and thus reduces the data rate. To this end, optical multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can provide spatial diversity and thus achieve a high data rate. Inspired by these facts, we investigate different precoding and equalization schemes for 2times22 \times 22times2 MIMO for the vehicle to vehicle (V2V-VLC) system. In this work, we consider three detection schemes, Zero Forcing (ZF), Maximum likelihood (ML), and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE). Also, we consider flickering/dimming control and the nature of outdoor VLC channel as a frequency selective channel. Moreover, we investigate a transceiver considering perfect CSI based on different detection algorithms. Simulation results of the investigated transceiver demonstrate improvements in Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) for the MMSE scheme.

There is an increasing demand for reliable communications systems in underground mines and tunnel... more There is an increasing demand for reliable communications systems in underground mines and tunnels. This is especially true when these systems need to ensure the safety of personnel involved in the mining operations and also to provide infrastructure for mine's communication networks. Stability problems are among the challenges of providing reliable communications in the underground mines. This thesis has focused on analyzing the stability problems in the communication systems of leaky cable technology. Novel algorithms have been developed to provide Automatic Gain and Slope Controls for the leaky feeder communication systems in the underground mines. The new algorithms are based on predications. The amplifiers in the system cascade will be able to predict and compensate for losses yet to occur in the system. System stability will be improved as a result of applying these algorithms by controlling the gains and the slopes of the amplifiers in the systems.

2017 IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference (IHTC), 2017

Visible light communication (VLC) system has been widely used in underground mines, to support co... more Visible light communication (VLC) system has been widely used in underground mines, to support communication-blind areas, due to its superior benefits compared to Wi-Fi. These benefits include low energy consumption, wide frequency spectrum (430–790) THZ, higher data rates and small-sized infrastructure. Moreover, radio waves have poor underground communication capabilities, due to irregular data propagation and limited frequency ranges. Therefore, cannot be used underground for affective communication required for health and safety measures in mines environment. In this paper, we introduce VLC based communication system for underground mines, for reducing the probability of accidents, and improving safety for mines work environment. We model the communication channel considering the shadowing and mines dust effects on optical signals. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of BER and improved received power, specially for small distance between the transmitter and receiver.

Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications, 2014

When nonlinear distortion of the fiber channel and the multipath dispersion of the wireless chann... more When nonlinear distortion of the fiber channel and the multipath dispersion of the wireless channel are combined together, equalization is a very interesting challenge. These two distortions have to be dealt jointly when the baseband DSP approach is used. In this chapter a novel algorithm is developed to equalize the both the static nonlinearity of the optical channel and the dynamic multipath dispersion of the wireless channel. A patented equalizer structure is described that compensates for the linear and nonlinear portions separately.

2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2010

2018 29th Biennial Symposium on Communications (BSC), 2018

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are integral part ... more Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are integral part of 5G systems. They can be viewed in three dimensional (3D) space where, each slice represents a unique tier that has its own Base stations (BS) and user equipments (UEs). Different slices cooperate with each other for mutual benefit. Data can be interactively exchanged among the tiers, and UEs have the flexibility to switch between the tiers. Poisson point process (PPP) has been widely used to allocate BSs and UEs among various tiers so far. However, BS locations using PPP approach may not be optimum to reduce interference. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm to find the optimum locations of Macro BSs in HetNets where every Macro BS along with its associate Micro BSs is treated as an independent unit after almost eliminating interference from neighboring Macro and Micro BSs. Hence, this approach provides increased coverage area and enhanced quality of service. Simulation results show the validity of our approach and promises enhancement to system performance.

Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications, 2014

Visible Light Communications, 2019

Emergency and Disaster Management, 2019

Emergency response and disaster management in underground mines are very challenging due to the h... more Emergency response and disaster management in underground mines are very challenging due to the hostile nature. Environment monitoring in mines has been an obligatory requirement to ensure safe working conditions for miners. Reliable communication network is essential to quickly detect the underground condition especially in emergency situation and to conduct proper rescue operations. This chapter presents an overview of reliable communication network needed for emergency response and disaster management in underground mines. The chapter begins by introducing the most common accidents occurring in the mining, underground mine environment and channel properties. Subsequently, communications in underground mines, existing underground communication and tracking systems, and disaster forecasting & mine safety management are discussed. The chapter also covers post-disaster mine communications & tracking systems and optimized backbone networks for underground mines. Finally, the chapter c...