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Papers by Xavier Simonnet
Acta horticulturae, Apr 1, 1993
Acta horticulturae, Oct 1, 2016
Tea infusion is the most frequently worldwide consumed beverage next to water, with about 20 bill... more Tea infusion is the most frequently worldwide consumed beverage next to water, with about 20 billion cups consumed daily. Artemisia annua leaves contain comparable levels of nutrients and mineral elements (dry matter basis) to many marketed tea (Camellia sinensis) leading us to suspect that this crop could also serve as an alternative source of nutrients for humans. Analyzer moveable X-ray fluorescence is used to evaluate the content of major, minor and toxic elements in A. annua from two different countries compared to six marketed tea in Senegal. To ensure qualified results, certified reference materials were used to perform the calibration. The very low and often negligible levels of inherent elements in the leaves, which are far below recommended toxic levels, establishes A. annua and selected marketed tea as a good reservoir of elements that might favour its use as a potential herbal tonic by humans. The mineral elements are present in different kinds of herbal leaves in various proportions depending on soil composition and the climate in which the plant grows.
Revue suisse de viticulture, arboriculture, horticulture (Switzerland), 2010
Acta horticulturae, Feb 1, 2010
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from the herb Artemisia annua L. (Aste... more Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from the herb Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae), is a highly potent antimalarial compound, which is efficient against multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The promotion of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) by the WHO during the past years lead to strong pressure on the world market of artemisinin. In order to assess the potential of this new culture in Argentina, the 'Artemis' cultivar was grown in 2007 and 2008 in four different locations. On one of the sites, 2 new hybrids were tested to assess their potential. The following parameters were recorded during the growing period: plant height, phenology, biomass production, percentage of dry leaves and artemisinin content. The results obtained with the cultivar 'Artemis' showed that the highest yield of biomass reached at the time of harvest was 2.5 t/ha dry leaves. At the harvesting stage, artemisinin contents ranged from 0.77% to 1.12% depending on the location. The two new hybrids tested showed a similar production of leaves, but a significantly higher level of artemisinin than those observed for 'Artemis'. Future trials are planned to optimise the cultivation of annual wormwood in Argentina.
Acta horticulturae, Aug 1, 2012
This paper presents a review on the cultivation of white genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis), a plan... more This paper presents a review on the cultivation of white genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis), a plant mainly used in liquor production for the aromatic and bitter compounds found in the floral stems, and points out two very important aspects: harvest stage and environmental conditions. In previous studies, the incidence of the phenological stage at harvest on the yield and the quality of the floral stems of white genepi cultivar 'RAC 12' was very high. The yield doubled between the beginning and the end of the flowering period, reaching up to 0.1 kg of dry weight per m 2. Harvesting from full flowering onwards resulted in higher yields. On the contrary, the contents of essential oil and of costunolide in the flower stems drastically decreased between the beginning and the end of flowering. However, no significant variation in the chemical profile of the essential oil was observed in relation to the harvesting stages. Harvesting of white genepi at the beginning of flowering is therefore recommended to guarantee a high quality product. The optimal environment to cultivate genepi is on sandy soils (>60% sand of the soil texture) and at high altitudes (1200-1600 m in middle Europe). On sandy soils, the plant mortality turned out to be lower, and consequently the yields were higher compared to soils with a high percentage of clay and silt. High altitudes are therefore recommended, mainly because of increasing the yield and the profitableness of the crop.
Acta horticulturae, Aug 1, 2012
Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, is a perennial plant that is widespread in Eura... more Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, is a perennial plant that is widespread in Eurasia. Bitter extracts from flowering tops are commonly used in alcoholic beverages. A breeding program initiated in 2002 in Switzerland allowed the selection of three interesting genotypes that were used for various crossings. These crossings gave four new hybrids and one new polycross that were tested in 2007 and 2008 in two sites in Switzerland and one in Italy. No significant differences in yield were observed between these new cultivars on these different sites. They flowered in the first year of cultivation, they were highly productive and they had a cis-epoxyocymene chemotype. The phytochemical profile at the flowering phenophase remained stable regardless the growing site and the year.
Planta Medica, Aug 1, 2011
Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 2020
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
Breeding a new cultivar needs 5 to 15 years according to the species and the breeding objectives ... more Breeding a new cultivar needs 5 to 15 years according to the species and the breeding objectives from bioprospection up to cultivar registration. This is a very long time for companies developing and trading plant based products. To react more quickly to the requirements of the stakeholders, methods to accelerate the breeding procedures have to be taken into account. Among different possibilities, polyploidy induction and rapid methods to measure target traits with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were tested on Artemisia annua L. Tetraploid progenies were compared to the cultivar Apollon. These tests showed no significant differences between the tetraploid plants and the cultivar Apollon for the artemisinin content, as well for the leaf and the artemisin yield. The determination of artemisinin in powder of Artemisia annua using a hand-held NIRS device showed accurate results in predicting artemininin contents. Root mean square error values of cross-validation and prediction of 0.1...
Mediplant a evalue differentes especes de rosiers pour la production biologique d'huile extra... more Mediplant a evalue differentes especes de rosiers pour la production biologique d'huile extraite des graines. Les especes Rosa rugosa et R. rubiginosa se sont distinguees par leur productivite et la qualite de leur huile. R. rugosa s'est montree particulierement facile a cultiver, entretenir et recolter. Le rendement moyen en graines de cette espece est de 180 g par pied (8-9 kg/are) avec une teneur en matiere grasse voisine de 15%. La teneur en matiere grasse est restee stable durant les dix annees de culture, contrairement au rendement en graines qui a fluctue de facon assez prononcee.
L'artemisinine est une lactone sesquiterpenique aux vertus antipaludiques presente dans les f... more L'artemisinine est une lactone sesquiterpenique aux vertus antipaludiques presente dans les feuilles d'Artemisia annua. Cet article evalue un protocole de chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) pour le dosage de cette molecule en le comparant a l'analyse par chromatographie liquide a haute pression (CLHP). Sa repetabilite est validee dans le domaine de 0,25 a 1,25% d'artemisinine. Ce mode operatoire s'avere simple, rapide et bon marche pour separer, visualiser la molecule sur plaque de silice et pour la quantifier au densitometre par absorbance.
Podophyllum hexandrum, plante medicinale d'origine himalayenne, fait l'objet d'une su... more Podophyllum hexandrum, plante medicinale d'origine himalayenne, fait l'objet d'une surexploitation mettant en danger sa survie dans les sites naturels. La reponse a la demande croissante en materiel vegetal passe par la mise en culture de cette espece. Les difficultes de germination n'ont jusqu'a present pas encourage sa domestication. Les tests de germination conduits par Mediplant apportent un eclairage sur les recommandations parfois contradictoires pour le semis. Ainsi, une maturation des semences de quelques mois apres la recolte s'est revelee indispensable avant le semis. Le traitement a l'acide gibberellique a egalement montre de bons resultats pour certains lots de semence. La germination reste cependant longue, de un a deux mois au moins.
Tierhalter berichten von positiven Effekten von praventiver Esparsettenfutterung auf die Gesundhe... more Tierhalter berichten von positiven Effekten von praventiver Esparsettenfutterung auf die Gesundheit von Kleinwiederkauern. Die FiBL-Forscher konnten dies bisher nicht bestatigen.
Acta horticulturae, Apr 1, 1993
Acta horticulturae, Oct 1, 2016
Tea infusion is the most frequently worldwide consumed beverage next to water, with about 20 bill... more Tea infusion is the most frequently worldwide consumed beverage next to water, with about 20 billion cups consumed daily. Artemisia annua leaves contain comparable levels of nutrients and mineral elements (dry matter basis) to many marketed tea (Camellia sinensis) leading us to suspect that this crop could also serve as an alternative source of nutrients for humans. Analyzer moveable X-ray fluorescence is used to evaluate the content of major, minor and toxic elements in A. annua from two different countries compared to six marketed tea in Senegal. To ensure qualified results, certified reference materials were used to perform the calibration. The very low and often negligible levels of inherent elements in the leaves, which are far below recommended toxic levels, establishes A. annua and selected marketed tea as a good reservoir of elements that might favour its use as a potential herbal tonic by humans. The mineral elements are present in different kinds of herbal leaves in various proportions depending on soil composition and the climate in which the plant grows.
Revue suisse de viticulture, arboriculture, horticulture (Switzerland), 2010
Acta horticulturae, Feb 1, 2010
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from the herb Artemisia annua L. (Aste... more Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from the herb Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae), is a highly potent antimalarial compound, which is efficient against multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The promotion of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) by the WHO during the past years lead to strong pressure on the world market of artemisinin. In order to assess the potential of this new culture in Argentina, the 'Artemis' cultivar was grown in 2007 and 2008 in four different locations. On one of the sites, 2 new hybrids were tested to assess their potential. The following parameters were recorded during the growing period: plant height, phenology, biomass production, percentage of dry leaves and artemisinin content. The results obtained with the cultivar 'Artemis' showed that the highest yield of biomass reached at the time of harvest was 2.5 t/ha dry leaves. At the harvesting stage, artemisinin contents ranged from 0.77% to 1.12% depending on the location. The two new hybrids tested showed a similar production of leaves, but a significantly higher level of artemisinin than those observed for 'Artemis'. Future trials are planned to optimise the cultivation of annual wormwood in Argentina.
Acta horticulturae, Aug 1, 2012
This paper presents a review on the cultivation of white genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis), a plan... more This paper presents a review on the cultivation of white genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis), a plant mainly used in liquor production for the aromatic and bitter compounds found in the floral stems, and points out two very important aspects: harvest stage and environmental conditions. In previous studies, the incidence of the phenological stage at harvest on the yield and the quality of the floral stems of white genepi cultivar 'RAC 12' was very high. The yield doubled between the beginning and the end of the flowering period, reaching up to 0.1 kg of dry weight per m 2. Harvesting from full flowering onwards resulted in higher yields. On the contrary, the contents of essential oil and of costunolide in the flower stems drastically decreased between the beginning and the end of flowering. However, no significant variation in the chemical profile of the essential oil was observed in relation to the harvesting stages. Harvesting of white genepi at the beginning of flowering is therefore recommended to guarantee a high quality product. The optimal environment to cultivate genepi is on sandy soils (>60% sand of the soil texture) and at high altitudes (1200-1600 m in middle Europe). On sandy soils, the plant mortality turned out to be lower, and consequently the yields were higher compared to soils with a high percentage of clay and silt. High altitudes are therefore recommended, mainly because of increasing the yield and the profitableness of the crop.
Acta horticulturae, Aug 1, 2012
Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, is a perennial plant that is widespread in Eura... more Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, is a perennial plant that is widespread in Eurasia. Bitter extracts from flowering tops are commonly used in alcoholic beverages. A breeding program initiated in 2002 in Switzerland allowed the selection of three interesting genotypes that were used for various crossings. These crossings gave four new hybrids and one new polycross that were tested in 2007 and 2008 in two sites in Switzerland and one in Italy. No significant differences in yield were observed between these new cultivars on these different sites. They flowered in the first year of cultivation, they were highly productive and they had a cis-epoxyocymene chemotype. The phytochemical profile at the flowering phenophase remained stable regardless the growing site and the year.
Planta Medica, Aug 1, 2011
Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 2020
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
Breeding a new cultivar needs 5 to 15 years according to the species and the breeding objectives ... more Breeding a new cultivar needs 5 to 15 years according to the species and the breeding objectives from bioprospection up to cultivar registration. This is a very long time for companies developing and trading plant based products. To react more quickly to the requirements of the stakeholders, methods to accelerate the breeding procedures have to be taken into account. Among different possibilities, polyploidy induction and rapid methods to measure target traits with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were tested on Artemisia annua L. Tetraploid progenies were compared to the cultivar Apollon. These tests showed no significant differences between the tetraploid plants and the cultivar Apollon for the artemisinin content, as well for the leaf and the artemisin yield. The determination of artemisinin in powder of Artemisia annua using a hand-held NIRS device showed accurate results in predicting artemininin contents. Root mean square error values of cross-validation and prediction of 0.1...
Mediplant a evalue differentes especes de rosiers pour la production biologique d'huile extra... more Mediplant a evalue differentes especes de rosiers pour la production biologique d'huile extraite des graines. Les especes Rosa rugosa et R. rubiginosa se sont distinguees par leur productivite et la qualite de leur huile. R. rugosa s'est montree particulierement facile a cultiver, entretenir et recolter. Le rendement moyen en graines de cette espece est de 180 g par pied (8-9 kg/are) avec une teneur en matiere grasse voisine de 15%. La teneur en matiere grasse est restee stable durant les dix annees de culture, contrairement au rendement en graines qui a fluctue de facon assez prononcee.
L'artemisinine est une lactone sesquiterpenique aux vertus antipaludiques presente dans les f... more L'artemisinine est une lactone sesquiterpenique aux vertus antipaludiques presente dans les feuilles d'Artemisia annua. Cet article evalue un protocole de chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM) pour le dosage de cette molecule en le comparant a l'analyse par chromatographie liquide a haute pression (CLHP). Sa repetabilite est validee dans le domaine de 0,25 a 1,25% d'artemisinine. Ce mode operatoire s'avere simple, rapide et bon marche pour separer, visualiser la molecule sur plaque de silice et pour la quantifier au densitometre par absorbance.
Podophyllum hexandrum, plante medicinale d'origine himalayenne, fait l'objet d'une su... more Podophyllum hexandrum, plante medicinale d'origine himalayenne, fait l'objet d'une surexploitation mettant en danger sa survie dans les sites naturels. La reponse a la demande croissante en materiel vegetal passe par la mise en culture de cette espece. Les difficultes de germination n'ont jusqu'a present pas encourage sa domestication. Les tests de germination conduits par Mediplant apportent un eclairage sur les recommandations parfois contradictoires pour le semis. Ainsi, une maturation des semences de quelques mois apres la recolte s'est revelee indispensable avant le semis. Le traitement a l'acide gibberellique a egalement montre de bons resultats pour certains lots de semence. La germination reste cependant longue, de un a deux mois au moins.
Tierhalter berichten von positiven Effekten von praventiver Esparsettenfutterung auf die Gesundhe... more Tierhalter berichten von positiven Effekten von praventiver Esparsettenfutterung auf die Gesundheit von Kleinwiederkauern. Die FiBL-Forscher konnten dies bisher nicht bestatigen.