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Papers by Ximena Diaz Briones

Research paper thumbnail of Transcend the Death of Child with Cancer: Professional Health Experiences

Enfermería: Cuidados Humanizados, 2021

Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units... more Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units, after the death of the patients. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from 5 pediatric oncology units of public hospitals in Santiago. Once the narratives were transcribed, the comprehensive analysis and subsequent triangulation of the data was performed, achieving saturation. Results: Professionals perceive themselves supported in their grief by being able to experience the losses in a protected environment and feeling supported by their surroundings. They recognized the existence of external and internal factors that facilitated the process of grief. However, this support is perceived as insufficient, as there is a lack of formal support from the institution, as well as a protected grief period, or support from mental health professionals to the teams. All death experiences allow professionals to transcend their pain bas...

Research paper thumbnail of Percepción de apoyo en duelo por profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de hospitales públicos

Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 2019

Introducción: La muerte en la infancia es una realidad a la que se ven enfrentados los profesiona... more Introducción: La muerte en la infancia es una realidad a la que se ven enfrentados los profesionales de salud, especialmente en unidades de alta complejidad como son los cuidados intensivos. Esto genera en los profesionales impotencia y frustración, comprometiendo su salud física, emocional y mental, agravada por la sensación de bajo soporte social y deficiente preparación para el afrontamiento de la muerte y el apoyo a los familiares de sus pacientes.Objetivo: Develar la percepción de apoyo en duelo de profesionales y técnicos en unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico de hospitales públicos, tras la muerte de los pacientes. Sujetos y Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de cinco hospitales públicos de Santiago. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron el trabajar por más de un año en la unidad, haber vivenciado la muerte de pacientes, y reconocer que ha ...

Research paper thumbnail of Surfaces based on amino acid functionalized polyelectrolyte films towards active surfaces for enzyme immobilization

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and characterization of poly (ionic liquid) derivatives of N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2018

The main motivation of this work is to obtain poly (ionic liquids) (PILs) derived from poly (4-vi... more The main motivation of this work is to obtain poly (ionic liquids) (PILs) derived from poly (4-vinyl pyridine) of different hydrophobic character containing BF 4 − , PF 6 − , (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N − and CF 3 SO 3 − as counterions. PILs were synthesized from N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) P-4VP +-C n Br − with different alkyl chain length, n = 2, 4, 5 and different molecular weights (60.000 and 160.000 g/mol). The systems obtained were compared with the polyelectrolyte of origin, i.e., the N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine). The molecular characterization of PILs was obtained by FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 19 F NMR. Moreover, the thermal analysis of these systems was by carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques. Thermal degradation profiles obtained from TGA measurements, varied according to the alkyl chain length, which in turn influenced the obtained values of glass transition temperature (T g), due to greater or lesser segmental movement of the alkyl chain. The results obtained for the PILs studied were analysed according to alkyl chain length, molecular weight and counter-anion effects. Additionally, P-4VP +-C 4 BF 4 − was used in a preliminary study of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution, showing a 72.2% removal of Cr (VI).

Research paper thumbnail of Amino Acid Functionalized Polyelectrolyte Films as Bioactive Surfaces for Cell Adhesion

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption of anionic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes onto amino-terminated solid surfaces

Research paper thumbnail of Thin films of amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. Soft materials characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption Behavior of Hydrophobically Modified Polyelectrolytes onto Amino- or Methyl-Terminated Surfaces

Research paper thumbnail of Spontaneous Adsorption of Gold Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte Thin Films

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2012

Nanocomposed films constituted by gold nanoparticles immobilized onto polyelectrolytes were obtai... more Nanocomposed films constituted by gold nanoparticles immobilized onto polyelectrolytes were obtained and studied. To obtain the films, amino terminated silicon wafer surfaces were put in contact with aqueous solution of polyelectrolytes derived from Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-styrene) containing aryl and amine-alkyl groups in the side chains, in this condition the adsorption of macromolecules was achieved. The effects of the chemical nature of the side chains and ionic strength on the amounts of adsorbed polyelectrolytes were studied by ellipsometry. The adsorption of polyelectrolytes increases with increasing ionic strength in agreement with the screening-enhanced adsorption regime; the results are discussed considering the steric hindrance of the side chains and flexibility of the polymers. A spontaneous adsorption process of nanoparticles onto polyelectrolyte films took place when these last were immersed in a gold nanoparticles suspension. The adsorption amounts were qualitatively evaluated by SEM and AFM and these showed to be dependent on chemical structure of polyelectrolytes.

Research paper thumbnail of Cooperative Association of p-Alkylbenzene Sulfonates Sodium Salts to Poly-2-(dimethylamino) Ethylmethacrylate-N-alkyl Quaternized at the Water/Chloroform Interface

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 2013

The association of p-alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium salts with several poly-2-(dimethylamino) eth... more The association of p-alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium salts with several poly-2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate-N-alkyl quaternized bromides at the water/chloroform interface was studied. High association percentages were found which increase with both the size of the sulfonate molecule and the length of the polyelectrolyte side chain: octyl, decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl. The results fit well to the Hill's equation for the association of anionic surfactant to polyelectrolytes. Benzene sulfonate shows a anti-cooperative behavior for the association, whereas 4-methyl benzene sulfonate and 4-ethylbenzene sulfonate are increasingly cooperative for the association. From the association constants the standard free energies of transfer from water to the interfacial polyelectrolytes were determined. Their values were a linear function of the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic residue of the benzene sulfonate molecule ranging from -15.7 kJ/mol of CH2 groups for the octyl polyelectrolyte to -18.9 kJ/mol of CH2 groups for the tetradecyl derivative. These values are similar to those reported for the association of some of these sulfonates molecules with ammonium type cationic micelles. The results for the incremental free energy of transfer by mol of methylene group from water to micelles are in the same order of magnitude as those reported for p-alkyl phenoxides and p-alkylbenzoates to CTAB micelles. The results shows that amphipathic counterions as small as 4-ethylbenzenesulfonate are enough to induce a cooperative effect in their association to cationic polyelectrolytes.

Research paper thumbnail of Transcend the Death of Child with Cancer: Professional Health Experiences

Enfermería: Cuidados Humanizados, 2021

Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units... more Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units, after the death of the patients. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from 5 pediatric oncology units of public hospitals in Santiago. Once the narratives were transcribed, the comprehensive analysis and subsequent triangulation of the data was performed, achieving saturation. Results: Professionals perceive themselves supported in their grief by being able to experience the losses in a protected environment and feeling supported by their surroundings. They recognized the existence of external and internal factors that facilitated the process of grief. However, this support is perceived as insufficient, as there is a lack of formal support from the institution, as well as a protected grief period, or support from mental health professionals to the teams. All death experiences allow professionals to transcend their pain bas...

Research paper thumbnail of Percepción de apoyo en duelo por profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de hospitales públicos

Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 2019

Introducción: La muerte en la infancia es una realidad a la que se ven enfrentados los profesiona... more Introducción: La muerte en la infancia es una realidad a la que se ven enfrentados los profesionales de salud, especialmente en unidades de alta complejidad como son los cuidados intensivos. Esto genera en los profesionales impotencia y frustración, comprometiendo su salud física, emocional y mental, agravada por la sensación de bajo soporte social y deficiente preparación para el afrontamiento de la muerte y el apoyo a los familiares de sus pacientes.Objetivo: Develar la percepción de apoyo en duelo de profesionales y técnicos en unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico de hospitales públicos, tras la muerte de los pacientes. Sujetos y Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y técnicos de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de cinco hospitales públicos de Santiago. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron el trabajar por más de un año en la unidad, haber vivenciado la muerte de pacientes, y reconocer que ha ...

Research paper thumbnail of Surfaces based on amino acid functionalized polyelectrolyte films towards active surfaces for enzyme immobilization

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and characterization of poly (ionic liquid) derivatives of N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)

Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2018

The main motivation of this work is to obtain poly (ionic liquids) (PILs) derived from poly (4-vi... more The main motivation of this work is to obtain poly (ionic liquids) (PILs) derived from poly (4-vinyl pyridine) of different hydrophobic character containing BF 4 − , PF 6 − , (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N − and CF 3 SO 3 − as counterions. PILs were synthesized from N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) P-4VP +-C n Br − with different alkyl chain length, n = 2, 4, 5 and different molecular weights (60.000 and 160.000 g/mol). The systems obtained were compared with the polyelectrolyte of origin, i.e., the N-alkyl quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine). The molecular characterization of PILs was obtained by FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 19 F NMR. Moreover, the thermal analysis of these systems was by carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques. Thermal degradation profiles obtained from TGA measurements, varied according to the alkyl chain length, which in turn influenced the obtained values of glass transition temperature (T g), due to greater or lesser segmental movement of the alkyl chain. The results obtained for the PILs studied were analysed according to alkyl chain length, molecular weight and counter-anion effects. Additionally, P-4VP +-C 4 BF 4 − was used in a preliminary study of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution, showing a 72.2% removal of Cr (VI).

Research paper thumbnail of Amino Acid Functionalized Polyelectrolyte Films as Bioactive Surfaces for Cell Adhesion

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption of anionic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes onto amino-terminated solid surfaces

Research paper thumbnail of Thin films of amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. Soft materials characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy

Research paper thumbnail of Adsorption Behavior of Hydrophobically Modified Polyelectrolytes onto Amino- or Methyl-Terminated Surfaces

Research paper thumbnail of Spontaneous Adsorption of Gold Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte Thin Films

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2012

Nanocomposed films constituted by gold nanoparticles immobilized onto polyelectrolytes were obtai... more Nanocomposed films constituted by gold nanoparticles immobilized onto polyelectrolytes were obtained and studied. To obtain the films, amino terminated silicon wafer surfaces were put in contact with aqueous solution of polyelectrolytes derived from Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-styrene) containing aryl and amine-alkyl groups in the side chains, in this condition the adsorption of macromolecules was achieved. The effects of the chemical nature of the side chains and ionic strength on the amounts of adsorbed polyelectrolytes were studied by ellipsometry. The adsorption of polyelectrolytes increases with increasing ionic strength in agreement with the screening-enhanced adsorption regime; the results are discussed considering the steric hindrance of the side chains and flexibility of the polymers. A spontaneous adsorption process of nanoparticles onto polyelectrolyte films took place when these last were immersed in a gold nanoparticles suspension. The adsorption amounts were qualitatively evaluated by SEM and AFM and these showed to be dependent on chemical structure of polyelectrolytes.

Research paper thumbnail of Cooperative Association of p-Alkylbenzene Sulfonates Sodium Salts to Poly-2-(dimethylamino) Ethylmethacrylate-N-alkyl Quaternized at the Water/Chloroform Interface

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, 2013

The association of p-alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium salts with several poly-2-(dimethylamino) eth... more The association of p-alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium salts with several poly-2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate-N-alkyl quaternized bromides at the water/chloroform interface was studied. High association percentages were found which increase with both the size of the sulfonate molecule and the length of the polyelectrolyte side chain: octyl, decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl. The results fit well to the Hill's equation for the association of anionic surfactant to polyelectrolytes. Benzene sulfonate shows a anti-cooperative behavior for the association, whereas 4-methyl benzene sulfonate and 4-ethylbenzene sulfonate are increasingly cooperative for the association. From the association constants the standard free energies of transfer from water to the interfacial polyelectrolytes were determined. Their values were a linear function of the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic residue of the benzene sulfonate molecule ranging from -15.7 kJ/mol of CH2 groups for the octyl polyelectrolyte to -18.9 kJ/mol of CH2 groups for the tetradecyl derivative. These values are similar to those reported for the association of some of these sulfonates molecules with ammonium type cationic micelles. The results for the incremental free energy of transfer by mol of methylene group from water to micelles are in the same order of magnitude as those reported for p-alkyl phenoxides and p-alkylbenzoates to CTAB micelles. The results shows that amphipathic counterions as small as 4-ethylbenzenesulfonate are enough to induce a cooperative effect in their association to cationic polyelectrolytes.