Xingang Fang - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Xingang Fang
Compression of Time Evolutionary Image Data through Predictive Deep Neural Networks
2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)
Accurate classification of depression through optimized machine learning models on high-dimensional noisy data
Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
An improved step counting algorithm using classification and double autocorrelation
International Journal of Computers and Applications
Journal of Cyber Security Technology
Network traffic classification and characterisation is playing an increasingly vital role in unde... more Network traffic classification and characterisation is playing an increasingly vital role in understanding and solving securityrelated issues in internet-based applications. The priority of research studies in this area has focused on characterisation of network traffic based on various layers of communication protocols as outlined in the TCP/IP stack and even further expanded to concentrate on specific application-layer protocols. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have become one of the most popular remote access communication methods among users over the public internet and other Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks. VPNs are governed by IP Security, which is a suite of protocols used for tunnelling the already encrypted IP traffic, to guarantee secure remote access to servers. In this paper, we propose and develop a framework to classify VPN or non-VPN network traffic using timerelated features. Our focus is on classification of network traffic which is encrypted, tunnelled through a VPN, and the one which is normally encrypted (non-VPN transmission), using machine-learning techniques on data sets of time-related features. Six classification models: logistic regression, support vector machine, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbour and ensemble methodsthe Random Forest (RF) classifier and Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) classifiersare compared, and recommendations of optimised RF and GBT models over other models are provided in terms of high accuracy and low overfitting. Features which contributed to achieve 90% accuracy in each category were also identified.
Improving virtual screening predictive accuracy of Human kallikrein 5 inhibitors using machine learning models
Computational biology and chemistry, 2017
The readily available high throughput screening (HTS) data from the PubChem database provides an ... more The readily available high throughput screening (HTS) data from the PubChem database provides an opportunity for mining of small molecules in a variety of biological systems using machine learning techniques. From the thousands of available molecular descriptors developed to encode useful chemical information representing the characteristics of molecules, descriptor selection is an essential step in building an optimal quantitative structural-activity relationship (QSAR) model. For the development of a systematic descriptor selection strategy, we need the understanding of the relationship between: (i) the descriptor selection; (ii) the choice of the machine learning model; and (iii) the characteristics of the target bio-molecule. In this work, we employed the Signature descriptor to generate a dataset on the Human kallikrein 5 (hK 5) inhibition confirmatory assay data and compared multiple classification models including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest and...
[Adenosine receptors agonists mitigated PAH of rats induced by chronic hypoxia through reduction of renin activity/angiotensin II levels and increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide levels]
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, Oct 1, 2012
Objective: Recent studies showed that adenosine played important roles in vasodilation. This stud... more Objective: Recent studies showed that adenosine played important roles in vasodilation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adenosine, its A1 and A2b receptor agonists on pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) induced by chronic hypoxia in rats by continuously subcutaneous administration with an osmotic pump for 14 days, and to see if rennin angiotensin system and inducible nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) mediate the effects. Method: Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Each group included eight rats. They were normoxic group, hypoxic group, adenosine-treated group [adenosine was administered at a dose of 150 µg(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA-treated group [CPA was administered at a dose of 20 µg/(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], CPA plus selective adenosine A1 antagonist DPCPX-treated group [CPA and DPCPX were administered simultaneously under the hypoxic condition, the dose of CPA was the same as the above, and the dose of DPCPX was 25 µg/(kg·min)], adenosine A2b receptor agonist NECA-treated group [NECA was administered at a dose of 30 µg/(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], NECA plus selective adenosine A2b receptor antagonist MRS-treated group[ NECA and MRS1754 were administered simultaneously under the hypoxic condition, the dose of NECA was the same as the above, and the dose of MRS1754 was 50 µg/(kg·min)]. Osmotic pumps containing adenosine or selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist (CPA), or nonselective but potent adenosine A2b receptor agonist (NECA) were placed subcutaneously 7 days after hypoxia and continuously administered the agents for 14 days.Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was detected after administration of the agents. Then blood samples were taken from heart for measurement of renin activity, angiotensin II (AngII) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration by radioimmunoassay, NO by measuring nitrate. Small pulmonary arteries were prepared for immunoreactivity staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and iNOS. Result: (1) Chronic hypoxia induced PAH [mPAP: (31.38 ± 3.42) mm Hg]. Adenosine or CPA or NECA administered for 14 days by subcutaneous route attenuated the mPAP [(21.17 ± 3.56) mm Hg, (22.88 ± 2.95) mm Hg, (19.81 ± 2.39) mm Hg, respectively], which showed significant difference when compared with hypoxia group (P < 0.05 respectively). (2) Plasma rennin activity and AngII level in hypoxia group [(2.51 ± 0.25) ng/(ml·h), (83.01 ± 9.38) pg/ml] were significantly higher than that in normoxic group (P < 0.05, respectively).(3) Adenosine treatment decreased the rennin activity and AngII level when compared with hypoxic group(P < 0.05, respectively);CPA and NECA attenuated respectively the rennin activity and AngII level of rats induced by chronic hypoxia (P < 0.05, respectively). (4) Adenosine administration for 14 days attenuated the wall thickness induced by chronic hypoxia (P < 0.05). CPA showed no effect on wall thickness, but NECA significantly attenuated the wall thickness (P < 0.05). (5) The number of iNOS staining positive cells in small pulmonary artery was higher in hypoxia group than in that in normoxic rats (23.75 ± 7.91 vs. 8.00 ± 2.20, P < 0.05). Adenosine or CPA, or NECA administration increased respectively the iNOS expression in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia caused significant decrease of nitric oxide level. Adenosine treatment increased the nitric oxide level in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. CPA and NECA also increased respectively the nitric oxide level in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia caused significant increase of ET-1 level. The ET-1 level in rats treated with adenosine, CPA or NCEA respectively were lower than that in chronic hypoxia rats (P < 0.05). (6) Adenosine treatment partially attenuated the number of PCNA-positively stained cells. NECA treatment also attenuated the PCNA expression, but CPA showed no effect. Conclusion: Adenosine and its agonists CPA, NECA administered continually by subcutaneous route attenuate mPAP of rats induced by chronic hypoxia. CPA attenuates mPAP through reduction of RA/AngII activity and balance of NO/ET-1 level. NECA attenuates mPAP by inhibiting PCNA expression and proliferation of mooth muscle of pulmonary artery.
Anilides and analogs as rho kinase inhibitors
Quinazoline Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors
Using Python to Solve the Navier-Stokes Equations-Applications in the Preconditioned Iterative Methods
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2015
Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 2014
Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoper... more Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoperable, large-scale systems, typically implemented using the Web Services (WS) standards. However, the maintenance and evolution of SOA systems present many challenges. SmartLife applications are intelligent user-centered systems and a special class of SOA systems that present even greater challenges for a software maintainer. Ontologies and ontological modeling can be used to support the evolution of SOA systems. This paper describes the development of a SOA evolution ontology and its use to develop an ontological model of a SOA system. The ontology is based on a standard SOA ontology. The ontological model can be used to provide semantic and visual support for software maintainers during routine maintenance tasks. We discuss a case study to illustrate this approach, as well as the strengths and limitations.
MedChemComm, 2011
Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of chroman 1, a highly potent ROCK inhibitor, and its analogs. The inhibitory properties of these compounds for ROCK-II and a selected set of highly homologous kinases are also discussed.
Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives As Highly Selective and Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hyperte... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and glaucoma. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) around a series of tetrahydroisoquinolines were evaluated utilizing biochemical and cell-based assays to measure ROCK inhibition. These novel ROCK inhibitors possess high potency, high selectivity, and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties for glaucoma applications. The lead compound, 35, had subnanomolar potency in enzyme ROCK-II assays as well as excellent cell-based potency (IC(50) = 51 nM). In a kinase panel profiling, 35 had an off-target hit rate of only 1.6% against 442 kinases. Pharmacology studies showed that compound 35 was efficacious in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats with reasonably long duration of action. These results suggest that compound 35 may serve as a promising agent for further development in the treatment of glaucoma.
Med. Chem. …, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of chroman 1, a highly potent ROCK inhibitor, and its analogs. The inhibitory properties of these ...
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011
Amino acid derived quinazolines as Rock/PKA inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2013
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011
Rho kinase (ROCK) is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases including glaucoma, hy... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases including glaucoma, hypertension, and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the development of a series of ROCK-II inhibitors based on 4-quinazolinone and quinazoline scaffolds. SAR studies at three positions of the quinazoline core led to the identification of analogs with high potency against ROCK-II and good selectivity over protein kinase A (PKA).
Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives As Highly Selective and Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hyperte... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and glaucoma. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) around a series of tetrahydroisoquinolines were evaluated utilizing biochemical and cell-based assays to measure ROCK inhibition. These novel ROCK inhibitors possess high potency, high selectivity, and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties for glaucoma applications. The lead compound, 35, had subnanomolar potency in enzyme ROCK-II assays as well as excellent cell-based potency (IC(50) = 51 nM). In a kinase panel profiling, 35 had an off-target hit rate of only 1.6% against 442 kinases. Pharmacology studies showed that compound 35 was efficacious in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats with reasonably long duration of action. These results suggest that compound 35 may serve as a promising agent for further development in the treatment of glaucoma.
Cheminform, 2003
Bis(tributyltin)-initiated atom transfer cyclization reactions of 3-butenyl iodoalkanoates in the... more Bis(tributyltin)-initiated atom transfer cyclization reactions of 3-butenyl iodoalkanoates in the presence of BF 3 ‚OEt 2 as the catalyst afforded the 6-exo cyclization products as a mixture of 3,4-cisand trans-substituted tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in 53-71% yield with the major isomers being the cis ones. Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level on the transition states of the radical cyclization and on the cyclized products revealed that the reactions are kinetically controlled and the transition states for the 6-exo radical cyclization are in boat conformations. Moreover, the cisoriented transition states are of lower energy than the corresponding trans-oriented ones, which are in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, 2014
Many future Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems may be pervasive SmartLife applications ... more Many future Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems may be pervasive SmartLife applications that provide real-time support for users in everyday tasks and situations. Development of such applications will be challenging, but in this position paper we argue that their ongoing maintenance may be even more so. Ontological modelling of the application may help to ease this burden, but maintainers need to understand a system at many levels, from a broad architectural perspective down to the internals of deployed components. Thus we will need consistent models that span the range of views, from business processes through system architecture to maintainable code. We provide an initial example of such a modelling approach and illustrate its application in a semantic browser to aid in software maintenance tasks.
Compression of Time Evolutionary Image Data through Predictive Deep Neural Networks
2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)
Accurate classification of depression through optimized machine learning models on high-dimensional noisy data
Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
An improved step counting algorithm using classification and double autocorrelation
International Journal of Computers and Applications
Journal of Cyber Security Technology
Network traffic classification and characterisation is playing an increasingly vital role in unde... more Network traffic classification and characterisation is playing an increasingly vital role in understanding and solving securityrelated issues in internet-based applications. The priority of research studies in this area has focused on characterisation of network traffic based on various layers of communication protocols as outlined in the TCP/IP stack and even further expanded to concentrate on specific application-layer protocols. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have become one of the most popular remote access communication methods among users over the public internet and other Internet Protocol (IP)-based networks. VPNs are governed by IP Security, which is a suite of protocols used for tunnelling the already encrypted IP traffic, to guarantee secure remote access to servers. In this paper, we propose and develop a framework to classify VPN or non-VPN network traffic using timerelated features. Our focus is on classification of network traffic which is encrypted, tunnelled through a VPN, and the one which is normally encrypted (non-VPN transmission), using machine-learning techniques on data sets of time-related features. Six classification models: logistic regression, support vector machine, Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbour and ensemble methodsthe Random Forest (RF) classifier and Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) classifiersare compared, and recommendations of optimised RF and GBT models over other models are provided in terms of high accuracy and low overfitting. Features which contributed to achieve 90% accuracy in each category were also identified.
Improving virtual screening predictive accuracy of Human kallikrein 5 inhibitors using machine learning models
Computational biology and chemistry, 2017
The readily available high throughput screening (HTS) data from the PubChem database provides an ... more The readily available high throughput screening (HTS) data from the PubChem database provides an opportunity for mining of small molecules in a variety of biological systems using machine learning techniques. From the thousands of available molecular descriptors developed to encode useful chemical information representing the characteristics of molecules, descriptor selection is an essential step in building an optimal quantitative structural-activity relationship (QSAR) model. For the development of a systematic descriptor selection strategy, we need the understanding of the relationship between: (i) the descriptor selection; (ii) the choice of the machine learning model; and (iii) the characteristics of the target bio-molecule. In this work, we employed the Signature descriptor to generate a dataset on the Human kallikrein 5 (hK 5) inhibition confirmatory assay data and compared multiple classification models including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest and...
[Adenosine receptors agonists mitigated PAH of rats induced by chronic hypoxia through reduction of renin activity/angiotensin II levels and increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide levels]
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, Oct 1, 2012
Objective: Recent studies showed that adenosine played important roles in vasodilation. This stud... more Objective: Recent studies showed that adenosine played important roles in vasodilation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adenosine, its A1 and A2b receptor agonists on pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) induced by chronic hypoxia in rats by continuously subcutaneous administration with an osmotic pump for 14 days, and to see if rennin angiotensin system and inducible nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) mediate the effects. Method: Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Each group included eight rats. They were normoxic group, hypoxic group, adenosine-treated group [adenosine was administered at a dose of 150 µg(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA-treated group [CPA was administered at a dose of 20 µg/(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], CPA plus selective adenosine A1 antagonist DPCPX-treated group [CPA and DPCPX were administered simultaneously under the hypoxic condition, the dose of CPA was the same as the above, and the dose of DPCPX was 25 µg/(kg·min)], adenosine A2b receptor agonist NECA-treated group [NECA was administered at a dose of 30 µg/(kg·min) under the hypoxic condition], NECA plus selective adenosine A2b receptor antagonist MRS-treated group[ NECA and MRS1754 were administered simultaneously under the hypoxic condition, the dose of NECA was the same as the above, and the dose of MRS1754 was 50 µg/(kg·min)]. Osmotic pumps containing adenosine or selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist (CPA), or nonselective but potent adenosine A2b receptor agonist (NECA) were placed subcutaneously 7 days after hypoxia and continuously administered the agents for 14 days.Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was detected after administration of the agents. Then blood samples were taken from heart for measurement of renin activity, angiotensin II (AngII) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration by radioimmunoassay, NO by measuring nitrate. Small pulmonary arteries were prepared for immunoreactivity staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and iNOS. Result: (1) Chronic hypoxia induced PAH [mPAP: (31.38 ± 3.42) mm Hg]. Adenosine or CPA or NECA administered for 14 days by subcutaneous route attenuated the mPAP [(21.17 ± 3.56) mm Hg, (22.88 ± 2.95) mm Hg, (19.81 ± 2.39) mm Hg, respectively], which showed significant difference when compared with hypoxia group (P < 0.05 respectively). (2) Plasma rennin activity and AngII level in hypoxia group [(2.51 ± 0.25) ng/(ml·h), (83.01 ± 9.38) pg/ml] were significantly higher than that in normoxic group (P < 0.05, respectively).(3) Adenosine treatment decreased the rennin activity and AngII level when compared with hypoxic group(P < 0.05, respectively);CPA and NECA attenuated respectively the rennin activity and AngII level of rats induced by chronic hypoxia (P < 0.05, respectively). (4) Adenosine administration for 14 days attenuated the wall thickness induced by chronic hypoxia (P < 0.05). CPA showed no effect on wall thickness, but NECA significantly attenuated the wall thickness (P < 0.05). (5) The number of iNOS staining positive cells in small pulmonary artery was higher in hypoxia group than in that in normoxic rats (23.75 ± 7.91 vs. 8.00 ± 2.20, P < 0.05). Adenosine or CPA, or NECA administration increased respectively the iNOS expression in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia caused significant decrease of nitric oxide level. Adenosine treatment increased the nitric oxide level in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. CPA and NECA also increased respectively the nitric oxide level in rats treated with chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia caused significant increase of ET-1 level. The ET-1 level in rats treated with adenosine, CPA or NCEA respectively were lower than that in chronic hypoxia rats (P < 0.05). (6) Adenosine treatment partially attenuated the number of PCNA-positively stained cells. NECA treatment also attenuated the PCNA expression, but CPA showed no effect. Conclusion: Adenosine and its agonists CPA, NECA administered continually by subcutaneous route attenuate mPAP of rats induced by chronic hypoxia. CPA attenuates mPAP through reduction of RA/AngII activity and balance of NO/ET-1 level. NECA attenuates mPAP by inhibiting PCNA expression and proliferation of mooth muscle of pulmonary artery.
Anilides and analogs as rho kinase inhibitors
Quinazoline Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors
Using Python to Solve the Navier-Stokes Equations-Applications in the Preconditioned Iterative Methods
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2015
Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 2014
Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoper... more Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoperable, large-scale systems, typically implemented using the Web Services (WS) standards. However, the maintenance and evolution of SOA systems present many challenges. SmartLife applications are intelligent user-centered systems and a special class of SOA systems that present even greater challenges for a software maintainer. Ontologies and ontological modeling can be used to support the evolution of SOA systems. This paper describes the development of a SOA evolution ontology and its use to develop an ontological model of a SOA system. The ontology is based on a standard SOA ontology. The ontological model can be used to provide semantic and visual support for software maintainers during routine maintenance tasks. We discuss a case study to illustrate this approach, as well as the strengths and limitations.
MedChemComm, 2011
Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of chroman 1, a highly potent ROCK inhibitor, and its analogs. The inhibitory properties of these compounds for ROCK-II and a selected set of highly homologous kinases are also discussed.
Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives As Highly Selective and Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hyperte... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and glaucoma. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) around a series of tetrahydroisoquinolines were evaluated utilizing biochemical and cell-based assays to measure ROCK inhibition. These novel ROCK inhibitors possess high potency, high selectivity, and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties for glaucoma applications. The lead compound, 35, had subnanomolar potency in enzyme ROCK-II assays as well as excellent cell-based potency (IC(50) = 51 nM). In a kinase panel profiling, 35 had an off-target hit rate of only 1.6% against 442 kinases. Pharmacology studies showed that compound 35 was efficacious in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats with reasonably long duration of action. These results suggest that compound 35 may serve as a promising agent for further development in the treatment of glaucoma.
Med. Chem. …, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is currently investigated as a target for various diseases such as glaucoma and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of chroman 1, a highly potent ROCK inhibitor, and its analogs. The inhibitory properties of these ...
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011
Amino acid derived quinazolines as Rock/PKA inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2013
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011
Rho kinase (ROCK) is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases including glaucoma, hy... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases including glaucoma, hypertension, and spinal cord injury. Herein, we report the development of a series of ROCK-II inhibitors based on 4-quinazolinone and quinazoline scaffolds. SAR studies at three positions of the quinazoline core led to the identification of analogs with high potency against ROCK-II and good selectivity over protein kinase A (PKA).
Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives As Highly Selective and Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hyperte... more Rho kinase (ROCK) is a promising drug target for the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and glaucoma. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) around a series of tetrahydroisoquinolines were evaluated utilizing biochemical and cell-based assays to measure ROCK inhibition. These novel ROCK inhibitors possess high potency, high selectivity, and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties for glaucoma applications. The lead compound, 35, had subnanomolar potency in enzyme ROCK-II assays as well as excellent cell-based potency (IC(50) = 51 nM). In a kinase panel profiling, 35 had an off-target hit rate of only 1.6% against 442 kinases. Pharmacology studies showed that compound 35 was efficacious in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats with reasonably long duration of action. These results suggest that compound 35 may serve as a promising agent for further development in the treatment of glaucoma.
Cheminform, 2003
Bis(tributyltin)-initiated atom transfer cyclization reactions of 3-butenyl iodoalkanoates in the... more Bis(tributyltin)-initiated atom transfer cyclization reactions of 3-butenyl iodoalkanoates in the presence of BF 3 ‚OEt 2 as the catalyst afforded the 6-exo cyclization products as a mixture of 3,4-cisand trans-substituted tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in 53-71% yield with the major isomers being the cis ones. Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level on the transition states of the radical cyclization and on the cyclized products revealed that the reactions are kinetically controlled and the transition states for the 6-exo radical cyclization are in boat conformations. Moreover, the cisoriented transition states are of lower energy than the corresponding trans-oriented ones, which are in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, 2014
Many future Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems may be pervasive SmartLife applications ... more Many future Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems may be pervasive SmartLife applications that provide real-time support for users in everyday tasks and situations. Development of such applications will be challenging, but in this position paper we argue that their ongoing maintenance may be even more so. Ontological modelling of the application may help to ease this burden, but maintainers need to understand a system at many levels, from a broad architectural perspective down to the internals of deployed components. Thus we will need consistent models that span the range of views, from business processes through system architecture to maintainable code. We provide an initial example of such a modelling approach and illustrate its application in a semantic browser to aid in software maintenance tasks.