Xingwu Xu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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UFMG - The Federal University of Minas Gerais
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Papers by Xingwu Xu
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, 2021
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences, 2019
There are different approaches for investigating the force as well as the gravity. Newton emphasi... more There are different approaches for investigating the force as well as the gravity. Newton emphasized the mathematical meaning of gravity. Einstein's gravity is geometry. The physical exploring for the gravity is still on the way. Le Sage investigated the nature of gravity, but his theory has many defects. This paper gives out a physical chemistry approach for the nature of force, which bases on gravitons' reaction by introducing the concepts of Gibbs free energy change and holographic screen. The change of the Gibbs free energy results in the imbalance on the two sides of the holographic screen, it is the force. The change of force as the distance depends on the distribution of gravitons. For solar system, the graviton gas distributes in center-radical pattern, so the inverse-square law is applicable. But in the galaxies, the distribution of the graviton gas is not in center-radical, therefore the acceleration is just inversely proportional to the distance (not square of distance), which is equivalent to the centripetal force. The flatness of rotation curve can be explained without dark matter.
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences, 2020
Casimir vacuum has many peculiar properties, e.g. the speed of light can exceed c. This paper inv... more Casimir vacuum has many peculiar properties, e.g. the speed of light can exceed c. This paper investigated the behavior of gas molecules in Casimir vacuum. Analysis and calculation indicate that we can get a new absolute zero in Casimir vacuum. This is due to the Hamiltonian, which equals the kinetic energy of the ensemble of gas molecules that is reduced in Casimir vacuum; therefore, the gas constant R is changed. This conclusion has great significance for the research of the vacuum properties.
This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically invest... more This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically investigates the understanding of the nature of heat, the conclusion is that the nature of heat is just a form of energy. This energy includes the zero-point energy providing by the motion of all subatomic particles. The new definition of temperature should be that it is the degree of matter’s motion. These matters include subatomic particles. Therefore, at the absolute zero, the “temperature” should still exist. On accounting of no subatomic particles’ motion in the singularity of the black hole, I proved that there exists a new absolute zero temperature there, which is lower than the existing one. The theory proposed in this paper can be supported by following means: measuring the temperature inside the black hole, letting electrons stop moving, and designing a Casimir vacuum pump.
Journal of Physics & Astronomy, 2021
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences, 2019
There are different approaches for investigating the force as well as the gravity. Newton emphasi... more There are different approaches for investigating the force as well as the gravity. Newton emphasized the mathematical meaning of gravity. Einstein's gravity is geometry. The physical exploring for the gravity is still on the way. Le Sage investigated the nature of gravity, but his theory has many defects. This paper gives out a physical chemistry approach for the nature of force, which bases on gravitons' reaction by introducing the concepts of Gibbs free energy change and holographic screen. The change of the Gibbs free energy results in the imbalance on the two sides of the holographic screen, it is the force. The change of force as the distance depends on the distribution of gravitons. For solar system, the graviton gas distributes in center-radical pattern, so the inverse-square law is applicable. But in the galaxies, the distribution of the graviton gas is not in center-radical, therefore the acceleration is just inversely proportional to the distance (not square of distance), which is equivalent to the centripetal force. The flatness of rotation curve can be explained without dark matter.
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences, 2020
Casimir vacuum has many peculiar properties, e.g. the speed of light can exceed c. This paper inv... more Casimir vacuum has many peculiar properties, e.g. the speed of light can exceed c. This paper investigated the behavior of gas molecules in Casimir vacuum. Analysis and calculation indicate that we can get a new absolute zero in Casimir vacuum. This is due to the Hamiltonian, which equals the kinetic energy of the ensemble of gas molecules that is reduced in Casimir vacuum; therefore, the gas constant R is changed. This conclusion has great significance for the research of the vacuum properties.
This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically invest... more This paper starts with the most basic concept of heat as well as temperature, historically investigates the understanding of the nature of heat, the conclusion is that the nature of heat is just a form of energy. This energy includes the zero-point energy providing by the motion of all subatomic particles. The new definition of temperature should be that it is the degree of matter’s motion. These matters include subatomic particles. Therefore, at the absolute zero, the “temperature” should still exist. On accounting of no subatomic particles’ motion in the singularity of the black hole, I proved that there exists a new absolute zero temperature there, which is lower than the existing one. The theory proposed in this paper can be supported by following means: measuring the temperature inside the black hole, letting electrons stop moving, and designing a Casimir vacuum pump.