Hematram Yadav - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hematram Yadav

PubMed, Sep 1, 1981

The findings ofa cholera epidemic in Krian district is reported. There were 77 cases and 92 carri... more The findings ofa cholera epidemic in Krian district is reported. There were 77 cases and 92 carriers in the epidemic. Although the three main ethnic groups of Ma lays , Chinese and Indians were involved in the epidemic, the Malays constituted majority ofthe cases and carriers. The overall infection rate and case attack rate was higher among the younger population. The case: carrier ratio was also higher among the younger population especially among Indians. Various reasons and probable causes of the epidemic have been described briefly.

PubMed, Jun 1, 1982

An investigation was conducted of all maternal deaths by residence which occurred in the district... more An investigation was conducted of all maternal deaths by residence which occurred in the district of Kerian, Malaysia over the 1976-1980 period. All female deaths between the years 15-45 were investigated to identify whether it was a maternal death due to obstetrical cause or otherwise. Each of the cases was investigated by the public health nurse, public health sister, and the medical officer of health before a report was made. All the maternal death reports from 1976-1980 were studied and a report compiled. The health infrastructure of Kerian district consists of 1 district hospital with 141 beds, 8 health centers, and 32 midwife clinics. The total number of deliveries in Kerian from 1976-1980 was 22,977. The hospital deliveries constituted 7040 (30.6%), the government midwives 6395 (27.8%), and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) 9505 (41.4%). The period 1976-1980 showed a decline in the various mortality rates. The infant mortality rate which is 27.11/1000 declined by 33% from 1976-1980 and toddler mortality rate declined by 37.7% from 1976-1980. The most significant decline was maternal mortality which declined from 1.89/1000 live births to 1.10/1000 live births which registered a 41.8% decline. There were a total of 35 maternal deaths registered from 1976-1980 in the district. Ethnically the Malays constituted 32 (91.4%) of all deaths and Chinese 2 (5.7%) of all deaths with Indians with 1 death (2.8%). Most of the women were from the lower income group. 19 (54.3%) of the women died at home, and 15 (42.8%) died in the hospitals. Most of the women died at gravida 6-9. Gravida 1 had 8 or 22.8% of all maternal deaths. Para 0 consisted of 9 (25.7%) of all maternal deaths and para 6 and above consisted of 11 (31.4%) of all maternal deaths. Women in the 31-40 year age group had 57.2% of the maternal deaths. PPH and PPH with retained placenta were the main causes of the maternal deaths, constituting 60% of the maternal deaths. In 1980 all 5 maternal deaths were due to PPH with retained placenta. 58.1% of the maternal deaths had been cases handled by TBAs. The government midwives attended 6 (19.4%) of the maternal deaths, and the hospital staff had attended 7 (22.5%) of all the deaths.

PubMed, Jun 1, 1994

The overall mean birth weight of the total deliveries (1986-1988) in Lundu Hospital was 2.96 kg. ... more The overall mean birth weight of the total deliveries (1986-1988) in Lundu Hospital was 2.96 kg. The mean birth weight for the male babies was 2.94 kg. The Chinese babies had a significantly higher mean birth weight (3.12 kg) than the other ethnic groups (p < 0.05). The overall incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in this study was 11.84 per cent. The Chinese again had a lower incidence of LBW of 6.73 per cent compared to Ibans who had the highest incidence of LBW, 13.59 per cent, with the Bidayuhs 12.97 per cent and Malays, 12.45 per cent. It was also noticed that of the 14.9 per cent preterm deliveries, 37.5 per cent were LBW. The very young mothers (15-19 years) and older mothers (> 40 years) seem to have a higher incidence of LBW. Mothers who had medical conditions like anaemia, hypertension, pre-eclampsia also had a higher incidence of LBW when compared to mothers who did not have a medical condition. Special emphasis should be given to mothers who have medical conditions, and to very young and very old mothers during antenatal care, to prevent incidence of LBW.

The overall mean birth weight of the total delivedes (1986-1988) in Lundu Hospital was 2.96 kg. T... more The overall mean birth weight of the total delivedes (1986-1988) in Lundu Hospital was 2.96 kg. The m~an birth weight for themale.l;>~ies was 2.94 kg. The Chinese babies had a sigaifii~ntly higher mean birth weight (3.12 kg) thaD. the other ethnic gtoups (p<0.05). The overallinddehce of Iow birth weight (LBW) in this $tu;dy was. 11.84. per. cent. TheChiw.ese againhi\.d:~1!:)wc:;r incidence of LBW of 6.73 .per cent oompared to Ibanswho had'thehigheslI inciden€e \of.LBW, 13.59 per cent, with the Bidayuhs12.9Tpi:r cent and Malays, 12045 per cent. It was also n0tff4ed mat of the 14.9 per cent prere!llldeliveries, 37.5 per cent'\1ieteLBW. The very yop.h.g inddlers (15-19 years) and older momers{>40 yeats) seem m have a higher mcidence of LBW. MOdJ.ers who had llledical conditionslikc:; anaemia, hypertension, pre-eclampsia also had a higherinddence of LBW when compared to mothers who did not have a medical condition. Special emphasis should be given to mothers who have medical conditions, and to very young and very old momers during antenatal care, to prevent incidence of LBW.

International Journal of Surgery and Medicine

Health and quality of life outcomes, Jan 12, 2016

There is a rapid increase in the population of the elderly globally, and Malaysia is anticipated ... more There is a rapid increase in the population of the elderly globally, and Malaysia is anticipated to become an ageing nation in 2030. Maintaining health, social participation, reducing institutionalization, and improving quality of life of the elderly are public health challenges of the 21(st) century. Quality of life among elderly in Elderly Homes in Malaysia is under researched. This study aims to determine the quality of life and its associated factors among the Elderly in Elderly Homes in Kuala Lumpur. This was a cross-sectional study among 203 residents aged 60 years or more in eight randomly selected Elderly Homes in Kuala Lumpur in September 2014. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select participants. Study instruments included World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support, and a questionnaire for Socio-demographic variables. Data collection was by face to face interview. Uni...

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1986

Résumé/Abstract On note 1131 morts pendant la période de 1976 à 1984. On constate un taux de mort... more Résumé/Abstract On note 1131 morts pendant la période de 1976 à 1984. On constate un taux de mortalité plus élevé chez les enfants de faible poids de naissance. Une gestation courte est la principale cause de mortalité dans la période néonatale

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2017

Overall this book deals with various aspects of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which is now a l... more Overall this book deals with various aspects of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which is now a leading cause of death in the world. It provides a comprehensive account of NCDs globally and in particular in India. The book has 19 chapters, and most of the chapters are written by authors from different parts of India as well as some from other countries. Most of the chapters are well written with relevant references and appropriate tables and diagrams. The health burden of NCDs, the social determinants, and the lessons learnt is very well covered from chapters 1 to 4. For instance, in chapter 1, the key strategies and interventions are approached in very practical manner Chapter 3, describes a simple and cost-effective intervention for the prevention and control of NCDs. From chapters 4 to 7, the magnitude of the NCD problem, issues and challenges, burden of heart diseases, epidemiology of diabetes, cancer screening, in particular cervical cancer, breast cancer, and oral cancer, are covered very well in relation to India. Chapter 8 covers the epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and chapter 9 covers mental health disorders and classification. Childhood obesity and determination, health promotion and education of NCDs are covered in chapter 10 and 11. There is a section on the critical role of health education and health promotion, and it is clearly defined. Chapter 12 covers the rational use of medicines in diabetes and hypertension. Chapter 13 addresses the research priorities in NCD, and there is an interesting aspect of communicable disease leading to NCD in chapter 14. The different way to combat NCDs by applying the principles learned from tuberculosis and HIV and AIDS are covered well in chapter 15. The need for intersectoral coordination in the prevention of NCDs and the health systems response in the prevention of NCD are coverd in chapter 16 and 17, Chapter 18 covers the public health approach to NCD and chapter 19, the final chapter, covers the global response and the role of the United Nations in the control of NCDs. Most of chapters are well covered in terms of content and are written in simple English and easy to read. Most importantantly, the book is easy to carry around since it is in a paperback edition. The references used in most of the chapters are recent and the strategies proposed are practical. The tables, figures, and diagrams are appropriately used; however, the data provided in the book may soon be outdated, but the main principles of prevention and control in most of the chapters can be applied even after a few years. The font of the text could have been a little bigger for easy reading. Overall this book is a must read for all the students and staff involved in NCDs as it provides very detailed and comprehensive aspects of most of the NCDs in India and abroad.

ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1995

The results of an experimental investigation concerning the characteristics of flow through secto... more The results of an experimental investigation concerning the characteristics of flow through sector orifice plates in a circular pipe have been reported. Experiments were conducted in a pipe line having diameter of 40 mm and using sector orifice plates with ratios of orifice area to pipe area a/A = 0.20,0.35,0.50,0.65 and 0.80, and having corresponding central angle values θ =

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education

There has been a significant decline in maternal mortality from 540 per 100,000 live births in I9... more There has been a significant decline in maternal mortality from 540 per 100,000 live births in I957 to 28 per 100,000 in 2010. This decline is due to several factors. Firstly the introduction of the rural health infrastructure which is mainly constructing health centres and midwife clinics for the rural population. This provided the accessibility and availability of primary health care and specially, antenatal care for the women. This also helped to increase the antenatal coverage for the women to 98% in 2010 and it increased the average number of antenatal visits per women from 6 in 1980 to 12 visits in 2010 for pregnant women. Along with the introduction of health centres, another main feature was the introduction of specific programmes to address the needs of the women and children. In the 1950s the introduction of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programme was an important step. Later in the late 1970s there was the introduction of the High Risk Approach in MCH care and Safe Motherhood in the 1980s. In 1990, an important step was the introduction of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths (CEMD). Another significant factor in the reduction is the identification of high risk mothers and this is being done by the introduction of the colour coding system in the health centres. Other factors include the increase in the number of safe deliveries by skilled personnel and the reduction in the number of deliveries by the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). The reduction in fertility rate from 6.3 in 1960 to 3.3 in 2010 has been another important factor. To achieve the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to further reduce maternal deaths by 50%, more needs to be done especially to identify maternal deaths that are missed by omission or misclassification and also to capture the late maternal deaths.

Ethnic variation, epidemiological factors and quality of life impairment associated with dyspepsi... more Ethnic variation, epidemiological factors and quality of life impairment associated with dyspepsia in urban Malaysia

South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 2012

Objectives: To estimate the attrition rate and identify common characteristics of medical student... more Objectives: To estimate the attrition rate and identify common characteristics of medical students who withdrew from an undergraduate medical programme. Methods: This study retrospectively analysed records of students who withdrew from medical programme among 10 student cohorts between 2002 and 2007 in the pre-clinical phase at the International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia. Data on student gender, pre-university entry, banding and English qualification (Malaysian University English Test [MUET] or International English Language Testing System [IELTS]) were studied and compared with all students entering the university during the same study period. Results: Among the 10 student cohorts between 2002 and 2007, a total of 112 out of 1,890 students withdrew from medical programme with more male than female students. Attrition was more common among students with Australian University Foundation, Canadian Pre-University and Ministry of Education Malaysia pre-university entry qualifications. Students with 'high' academic banding of entry qualifications and poor English qualification grades exhibited higher rates of attrition. Conclusion: The attrition rate among medical students in IMU between 2002 and 2007 was 5.9%. IMU needs to review the minimum academic criteria for admission into the medical programme in order to reduce the attrition rate. It is suggested to select students of 'lower banding' with better English grades while reducing the intake among students from 'higher banding' and lower English grades.

BMC Medical Education, 2019

Background: Ethical behavior and professionalism is an ideal characteristic required of medical s... more Background: Ethical behavior and professionalism is an ideal characteristic required of medical students and included as 'must achieve' and critical aspect of medical students' curriculum. This study proposes to determine the perceived unethical and unprofessional behavior among medical students in a private medical university from year 1 to year 5 of the medical curriculum. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among year 1 to year 5 medical students in a private medical university. A self-administered questionnaire was used with the 3 major domains of professionalism and ethics i.e. discipline plagiarism and cheating. Results: A total of 464 respondents responded to the survey and they included medical students from year 1 and year 2 (pre-clinical) and years 3-5 (clinical years). Majority of the students, 275 (59.2%) answered that they had not seen any form of unethical behavior among other students. The females seem to have a larger number 172(63%) among the same gender compared to the males. Majority 352 (75%) of them had not heard of the 'Code of Professional Conduct by the Malaysian Medical Council'. About fifty three (53.1%) of the students answered that the training was sufficient. Conclusions: This study showed that the perception of unethical behavior was 58.8% in the 1st year (pre-clinical) and it increased to 65.2% in the 5th year (clinical). The 3 main discipline issues were students do not show interest in class (mean 2.9/4), they are rude to other students (mean 2.8/4) and talking during class (mean 2.6/4). Despite the existence of unethical behavior among the students majority of them (71.7%) claimed that they had adequate training in ethics and professionalism. It is proposed that not only the teaching of ethics and professionalism be reviewed but an assessment strategy be introduced to strengthen the importance of professionalism and ethics.