Tapeshwar Yadav - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tapeshwar Yadav

MED PHOENIX/Med phoenix, Jun 27, 2024

Nepal journal of health sciences, Dec 29, 2023

Introduction: There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals l... more Introduction: There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals largely due to hyperglycaemia cause oxidative stress which further exacerbates the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Objective: This study aims to assess glycaemic status and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Forty confirmed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients registered with the General Medicine department of Mamata General Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh were selected for the study. Based on HbA 1 c levels these patients were subdivided into two groups one with HbA 1 c levels >8.5% was considered poor glycaemic control and the other with HbA 1 c levels ≤8.5% was considered as good glycaemic control. Malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured among the cases and controls. Results: This study reveals the comparison of glycated haemoglobin, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity in 40 confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which included 19 good glycaemic control and 21 poor glycaemic control. Firstly, the comparison of HbA1C (P value: 0.01), MDA (P value: 0.02) and TAC (P value: 0.04) revealed the significant difference between good glycaemic control and poor glycaemic control. Moreover, the Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive correlation of HbA1C with MDA (+0.72, 0.02) and a negative correlation with TAC (-0.01, 0.7) which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It is observed that poor glycaemic control has resulted in increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity which can ultimately lead to complications. Antioxidant supplementation may help the patients in overall improvement and may delay the complications.

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of mo... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Metformin, the most widely used hypoglycemic agent can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12. Very less information is available regarding the relationship between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nepalese population. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin B12 in cases of diabetes mellitus under metformin therapy and to access the relationship of serum vitamin B12 level with the duration of metformin therapy. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with 300 diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases under metformin therapy were enrolled in the study after the consent was taken. The prior ethical clearance was taken and the duration of the study was from December 2021 to June 2022. Results: The study showed 78% (n=234) of the total diabetic cases under metformin therapy had lower vitamin B12. In 50-60 years, age group, 91% of the...

Introduction: In Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP), microscopic examination o... more Introduction: In Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP), microscopic examination of sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) is currently the backbone for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies have shown liquefaction and concentration of sputum by 5% sodiumhypochlorite is useful in providing increased sensitivity and safety for handling of specimen. Objective: To assess the utility of 5% Sodium hypochlorite concentration method in increasing the sensitivity of smear microscopy for detection of AFB for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The study included a total of 1000 sputum samples from 500 patientsof suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Direct smears were prepared from the sputum samples as per RNTCP guidelines. Remaining sputum was used for bleach concentration and smears prepared from the concentrated material. Both smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and screened for acid fast bacilli and graded according to the RNTCP guidelines. Results: A total of 158 samples (15.8%) from 89 patients were positive by routine direct method where as by concentration method 236 samples (23.6%) from 143 patients were found positive diagnosing additional 54 patients. The gain in sputum smear positivity of 7.8% over routine method is highly significant (p=0.0000, χ 2 = 270) with a 10.8% increase in case detection. Conclusions: Improvement in the sensitivity of smears microscopy will be useful in case detection of tuberculosis especially in resource poor countries. The increased positivity of microscopy by bleach method indicates that would prove useful if included in the RNTCP to improve case detection.

Med Phoenix

Introduction: Due to the complicated interactions between the thyroid gland and liver, thyroid ho... more Introduction: Due to the complicated interactions between the thyroid gland and liver, thyroid hormone dysfunction may affect the liver function tests, and could be of clinical importance. We aimed to compare the hepatic function parameters between hypothyroid and euthyroid patients visiting tertiary care center of western Nepal. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 hypothyroid and 111 euthyroid patients. After consent, thyroid function and liver function parameters were analyzed using automated analyzers. Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed for analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among hypothyroid group, the majority were subclinical hypothyroid (n=74, 65.49%) and the rest (n = 39, 34.51%) were overt hypothyroid. The serum bilirubin and liver enzymes levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid compared to euthyroid. T...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of mo... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Metformin, the most widely used hypoglycemic agent can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12. Very less information is available regarding the relationship between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nepalese population. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin B12 in cases of diabetes mellitus under metformin therapy and to access the relationship of serum vitamin B12 level with the duration of metformin therapy. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with 300 diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases under metformin therapy were enrolled in the study after the consent was taken. The prior ethical clearance was taken and the duration of the study was from December 2021 to June 2022. Results: The study showed 78% (n=234) of the total diabetic cases under metformin therapy had lower vitamin B12. In 50-60 years, age group, 91% of the...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: The global burden of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, is high and incr... more Introduction: The global burden of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, is high and increasing. Prevalence studies of such disorders are limited in Nepal. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among patients visiting the Department of Biochemistry in the central laboratory of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the Department of Biochemistry in the central laboratory from 1 August 2020 to 31 July 2021 after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: UCMS/IRC/054/20). Patients of all age groups and gender were considered. Hypothyroid patients were identified based on the thyroid function parameters. They were further categorized as sub-clinical and overt hypothyroid. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 3,010 patients, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was s...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Depression disorder has significant potential morbidity and mortality, contributing... more Introduction: Depression disorder has significant potential morbidity and mortality, contributing to suicide, incidence and adverse outcomes of medical illness, disruption in interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and lost work time. Objectives: The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the seeds extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using a forced swim test and tail suspension test on Swiss albino mice. The anti-depressant activity of the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using Chronic Unpredictable Mild-Stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. Methods: The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200mg/kg body weight for eight days after CUMS induced depression in mice. The results demonstrate that Methanolic extract of seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum has got anti-depressant potential. Results: The study showed that the extract of Zanthoxylum armatum had significant antidepressa...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of ca... more Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Objective: To compare the biochemical parameters which included glycated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of people with diabetes mellitus and matched nondiabetic controls. Methods: The cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 60 diabetics and 30 nondiabetic patients. Fasting blood samples of 5 ml were collected from both the study sample and control sample. Biochemical parameters like glycated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed with the help of a semi-automated analyzer, Erba Chem5, and Colorimeter-Systronic. Means of glycated hemoglobin, total ...


Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose level is above the normal but below ... more BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose level is above the normal but below the diagnostic value of diabetes mellitus. Besides progression to diabetes mellitus, prediabetic subjects are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore this research was conducted with the aim to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in prediabetic subjects by measuring the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and their possible correlation with glucose intolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 human subjects were recruited for the present cross-sectional study. Of them, 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were age and gender-matched control subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS The markers of oxidative stress i.e. 8-OHdG and MDA were found to be significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to control subjects except GSH, which was significantly reduced in prediabetic subjects. Similarly, hs-CRP (a marker of inflammation) was significantly increased in prediabetic subjects compared to controls. On correlation analysis, 8-OHdG, MDA and hs-CRP were significantly and positively correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetes whereas GSH showed significant negative correlation with glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation should be taken into consideration while evaluating the risk for CVD in prediabetes since these markers were well correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetic subjects.

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2004

The 30 kDa secreted antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was purified to homogeneity by serial c... more The 30 kDa secreted antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was purified to homogeneity by serial chromatography, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate its diagnostic value in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies G, A, and M were estimated in the two groups: patients who were smear- and culture-positive (S+C+) for pulmonary tuberculosis and normal healthy subjects (NHS). Sensitivity of 67.4%, 14.8%, and 14.3%, with the specificity of 99%, 96.7%, and 92% were obtained for the 3 isotypes respectively. Combination of the results of IgG and IgA increased the sensitivity to 71%, with 97% specificity. Polyethylene glycol precipitation of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera was carried out. The CIC bound antibodies offered a sensitivity of 92.5%, 85.4%, and 68.7%, respectively for the S+C+, S-C+, and S-C- patients, while the specificity was 96.6%. Thus CIC-bound antibodies promise to be a better diagnostic tool in the detection of tuberculosis.

MED PHOENIX/Med phoenix, Jun 27, 2024

Nepal journal of health sciences, Dec 29, 2023

Introduction: There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals l... more Introduction: There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals largely due to hyperglycaemia cause oxidative stress which further exacerbates the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Objective: This study aims to assess glycaemic status and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Forty confirmed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients registered with the General Medicine department of Mamata General Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh were selected for the study. Based on HbA 1 c levels these patients were subdivided into two groups one with HbA 1 c levels >8.5% was considered poor glycaemic control and the other with HbA 1 c levels ≤8.5% was considered as good glycaemic control. Malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured among the cases and controls. Results: This study reveals the comparison of glycated haemoglobin, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity in 40 confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which included 19 good glycaemic control and 21 poor glycaemic control. Firstly, the comparison of HbA1C (P value: 0.01), MDA (P value: 0.02) and TAC (P value: 0.04) revealed the significant difference between good glycaemic control and poor glycaemic control. Moreover, the Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive correlation of HbA1C with MDA (+0.72, 0.02) and a negative correlation with TAC (-0.01, 0.7) which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It is observed that poor glycaemic control has resulted in increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacity which can ultimately lead to complications. Antioxidant supplementation may help the patients in overall improvement and may delay the complications.

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of mo... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Metformin, the most widely used hypoglycemic agent can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12. Very less information is available regarding the relationship between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nepalese population. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin B12 in cases of diabetes mellitus under metformin therapy and to access the relationship of serum vitamin B12 level with the duration of metformin therapy. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with 300 diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases under metformin therapy were enrolled in the study after the consent was taken. The prior ethical clearance was taken and the duration of the study was from December 2021 to June 2022. Results: The study showed 78% (n=234) of the total diabetic cases under metformin therapy had lower vitamin B12. In 50-60 years, age group, 91% of the...

Introduction: In Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP), microscopic examination o... more Introduction: In Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP), microscopic examination of sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) is currently the backbone for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies have shown liquefaction and concentration of sputum by 5% sodiumhypochlorite is useful in providing increased sensitivity and safety for handling of specimen. Objective: To assess the utility of 5% Sodium hypochlorite concentration method in increasing the sensitivity of smear microscopy for detection of AFB for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The study included a total of 1000 sputum samples from 500 patientsof suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Direct smears were prepared from the sputum samples as per RNTCP guidelines. Remaining sputum was used for bleach concentration and smears prepared from the concentrated material. Both smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and screened for acid fast bacilli and graded according to the RNTCP guidelines. Results: A total of 158 samples (15.8%) from 89 patients were positive by routine direct method where as by concentration method 236 samples (23.6%) from 143 patients were found positive diagnosing additional 54 patients. The gain in sputum smear positivity of 7.8% over routine method is highly significant (p=0.0000, χ 2 = 270) with a 10.8% increase in case detection. Conclusions: Improvement in the sensitivity of smears microscopy will be useful in case detection of tuberculosis especially in resource poor countries. The increased positivity of microscopy by bleach method indicates that would prove useful if included in the RNTCP to improve case detection.

Med Phoenix

Introduction: Due to the complicated interactions between the thyroid gland and liver, thyroid ho... more Introduction: Due to the complicated interactions between the thyroid gland and liver, thyroid hormone dysfunction may affect the liver function tests, and could be of clinical importance. We aimed to compare the hepatic function parameters between hypothyroid and euthyroid patients visiting tertiary care center of western Nepal. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 hypothyroid and 111 euthyroid patients. After consent, thyroid function and liver function parameters were analyzed using automated analyzers. Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed for analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among hypothyroid group, the majority were subclinical hypothyroid (n=74, 65.49%) and the rest (n = 39, 34.51%) were overt hypothyroid. The serum bilirubin and liver enzymes levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid compared to euthyroid. T...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of mo... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health problem, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Metformin, the most widely used hypoglycemic agent can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12. Very less information is available regarding the relationship between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Nepalese population. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin B12 in cases of diabetes mellitus under metformin therapy and to access the relationship of serum vitamin B12 level with the duration of metformin therapy. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with 300 diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases under metformin therapy were enrolled in the study after the consent was taken. The prior ethical clearance was taken and the duration of the study was from December 2021 to June 2022. Results: The study showed 78% (n=234) of the total diabetic cases under metformin therapy had lower vitamin B12. In 50-60 years, age group, 91% of the...

Journal of Nepal Medical Association

Introduction: The global burden of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, is high and incr... more Introduction: The global burden of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, is high and increasing. Prevalence studies of such disorders are limited in Nepal. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among patients visiting the Department of Biochemistry in the central laboratory of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the Department of Biochemistry in the central laboratory from 1 August 2020 to 31 July 2021 after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: UCMS/IRC/054/20). Patients of all age groups and gender were considered. Hypothyroid patients were identified based on the thyroid function parameters. They were further categorized as sub-clinical and overt hypothyroid. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 3,010 patients, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was s...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Depression disorder has significant potential morbidity and mortality, contributing... more Introduction: Depression disorder has significant potential morbidity and mortality, contributing to suicide, incidence and adverse outcomes of medical illness, disruption in interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and lost work time. Objectives: The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the seeds extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using a forced swim test and tail suspension test on Swiss albino mice. The anti-depressant activity of the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using Chronic Unpredictable Mild-Stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. Methods: The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200mg/kg body weight for eight days after CUMS induced depression in mice. The results demonstrate that Methanolic extract of seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum has got anti-depressant potential. Results: The study showed that the extract of Zanthoxylum armatum had significant antidepressa...

Nepal Journal of Health Sciences

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of ca... more Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Objective: To compare the biochemical parameters which included glycated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of people with diabetes mellitus and matched nondiabetic controls. Methods: The cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 60 diabetics and 30 nondiabetic patients. Fasting blood samples of 5 ml were collected from both the study sample and control sample. Biochemical parameters like glycated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed with the help of a semi-automated analyzer, Erba Chem5, and Colorimeter-Systronic. Means of glycated hemoglobin, total ...


Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose level is above the normal but below ... more BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose level is above the normal but below the diagnostic value of diabetes mellitus. Besides progression to diabetes mellitus, prediabetic subjects are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore this research was conducted with the aim to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in prediabetic subjects by measuring the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and their possible correlation with glucose intolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 human subjects were recruited for the present cross-sectional study. Of them, 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were age and gender-matched control subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS The markers of oxidative stress i.e. 8-OHdG and MDA were found to be significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to control subjects except GSH, which was significantly reduced in prediabetic subjects. Similarly, hs-CRP (a marker of inflammation) was significantly increased in prediabetic subjects compared to controls. On correlation analysis, 8-OHdG, MDA and hs-CRP were significantly and positively correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetes whereas GSH showed significant negative correlation with glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation should be taken into consideration while evaluating the risk for CVD in prediabetes since these markers were well correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetic subjects.

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2004

The 30 kDa secreted antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was purified to homogeneity by serial c... more The 30 kDa secreted antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was purified to homogeneity by serial chromatography, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate its diagnostic value in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies G, A, and M were estimated in the two groups: patients who were smear- and culture-positive (S+C+) for pulmonary tuberculosis and normal healthy subjects (NHS). Sensitivity of 67.4%, 14.8%, and 14.3%, with the specificity of 99%, 96.7%, and 92% were obtained for the 3 isotypes respectively. Combination of the results of IgG and IgA increased the sensitivity to 71%, with 97% specificity. Polyethylene glycol precipitation of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera was carried out. The CIC bound antibodies offered a sensitivity of 92.5%, 85.4%, and 68.7%, respectively for the S+C+, S-C+, and S-C- patients, while the specificity was 96.6%. Thus CIC-bound antibodies promise to be a better diagnostic tool in the detection of tuberculosis.