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Papers by Yaguo Ide

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency 1Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria. The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important thapproach if the 4 Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional

Pain Research and Management, 2011

BACKGROUND: Acute pain and distress during medical procedures are commonplace for young children.... more BACKGROUND: Acute pain and distress during medical procedures are commonplace for young children.OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions for acute procedural pain in children up to three years of age.METHODS: Study inclusion criteria were: participants <3 years of age, involved in a randomized controlled or crossover trial, and use of a ‘no-treatment’ control group (51 studies; n=3396). Additional studies meeting all criteria except for study design (eg, use of active control group) were qualitatively described (n=20).RESULTS: For every intervention, data were analyzed separately according to age group (preterm-born, term-born neonate and older infant/young child) and type of pain response (pain reactivity, immediate pain-related regulation). The largest standardized mean differences (SMD) for pain reactivity were as follows: sucking-related interventions (preterm: −0.42 [95% CI −0.68 to −0.15]; neonate −1.45 [CI −2.34 to −0.57]), kangaroo care (pret...

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency 1 Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria . The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important th approach if the 4 Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of children diagnosed with pneumonia who were admitted into the children's wards between January 2007 and December 2009. The case notes of all children diagnosed of pneumonia who were admitted into the paediatric wards as recorded in the ward register, were reviewed.

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2011

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria 1 . The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important th approach if the 4 th Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of children diagnosed with pneumonia who were admitted into the children's wards between January 2007 and December 2009. The case notes of all children diagnosed of pneumonia who were admitted into the paediatric wards as recorded in the ward register, were reviewed. Resu...

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2011

Background: Microalbuminuria, though a relevant screening tool world wide, is scarcely reported w... more Background: Microalbuminuria, though a relevant screening tool world wide, is scarcely reported with very sparse literature in our setting. Microalbuminuria is a marker of early renal involvement, compare to routine serum creatinine and electrolytes changes in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This article attempts to review the significance, risk factors and methods of detection of Microalbuminuria. Methods: Available publications from local and international journals in addition to Medline and Google search, particularly for local references were utilized. Other sources of our data included dissertations from the library of National post graduate medical college and text books of paediatric nephrology. Results: Microalbuminuria is used extensively in diabetes mellitus as a sensitive test for the detection of preclinical kidney dysfunction prior to the development of overt proteinuria, and as a predictor of subsequent diabetic nephropathy. It has been found to be an important pr...

Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most comm on infectious diseases globally and may resul... more Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most comm on infectious diseases globally and may result in cirrhosis and liver cell cancer. The aim of this st udy was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in children with sickle cell anaemi a presenting at the Hematology Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nige ria. This was a prospective hospital based study of children with sickle cell anaemia from the age o f 6 months to 18 years presenting at the Haematology Clinic of the University of Port Harcou rt Teaching Hospital from June 2006 to February 2007. Information obtained included gender, age, ha emoglobin genotype and hepatitis B surface antigen. Those with incomplete records were exclude d. There were a total of 132 patients with sickle cell anaemia. Seventy two (54.5 %) were males while 60(45.5%) were females. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was available for 84 patients. Out of these, 3 were HBsAg positive giving a prevalence of 3....

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2015

Background: Nigeria which has one of the world's highest burden of children living with Sick... more Background: Nigeria which has one of the world's highest burden of children living with Sickle cell anaemia is also endemic for hepatitis B, C and the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study set out to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among children with Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study of children with sickle cell anaemia aged 0.5 years to 18 years presenting at the haematology clinic of UPTH. A serological screening was carried out over a period of five months to determine the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV and HIV 1 and 2 infection. Other data obtained included sex, age and other demographic data. Results: There were 182 SCA patients with 72 (54.5%) males and 60 (45.5%) females. Results of HCV anti-body, HBSAg, and HIV were available for 84 pat...

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, Mar 24, 2020

Introduction: Anophthalmia which is the congenital absence of the eyes could be bilateral or cong... more Introduction: Anophthalmia which is the congenital absence of the eyes could be bilateral or congenital, it occurs globally although it is rare. It is usually in association with other systemic congenital abnormalities. Case Report: A case of a female baby delivered at a primary health center in Port Harcourt, Nigeria who had bilateral anophthalmia is reported here along with review of literature Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI) of brain and orbit was used to confirm the diagnosis which showed absence of both globes, with hypoplasia of the orbits as well as the extraocular muscles, the optic nerves could not be differentiated from the visualized intra-orbital structures. All other systems were essentially normal. This is an exceptional case in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, as literature search shows that no other case has been reported in Port Harcourt. She is currently being followed up at the paediatric, ophthalmology and ENT clinics of the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital.

American Journal of Pediatrics

Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasi... more Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasible interventions for malaria control in Africa. However, lack of data on its use in under five children has made it difficult to keep tract of its efficacy in this population. This study was aimed at pooling published data from parts of Africa and Asia with the hope of providing an overview of the use of ITNs and its efficacy in children under five years of age. Literature search was carried out Pubmed, Pubmedcentral, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library for all published articles between 1991 and 2015 using search strings such as under five children, ITN, malaria parasitaemia, anaemia, protective efficacy, ownership and use, pattern of deployment and types of ITN. Based on specific criteria, 30 studies were included. Few countries have met the ITN coverage target of 80% including Nigeria, with coverage rates ranging from about 69% to 75%. ITN use in under five children has been shown to reduce the prevalence of malaria and anaemia in areas unstable malaria transmission to a variable degree. ITN possession does not always translate to usage and consistent use is required for effective malaria control.

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2016

British Microbiology Research Journal, 2015

Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escheric... more Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been noted in community acquired strains as against the hospital acquired origin. This study was designed to assess antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profile of extended spectrum beta lactamase - producing Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract

Pain research & management : the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la société canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur

I nitial misinterpretations of common infant pain outcomes, such as the lack of declarative memor... more I nitial misinterpretations of common infant pain outcomes, such as the lack of declarative memory for painful experiences during infancy (1), the muted responses of premature infants after a barrage of painful procedures (2), and unacceptable rates of serious adverse events due to poor knowledge of infant responses to analgesics and anesthetics during the 1950s to 1970s (3), perpetuated widespread neglect of infant pain treatment. Established research supports infants' anatomical and functional capacity to perceive pain (4,5) and respond to tissue insult in a manner interpretable as pain (6). However, despite significant advocacy work, infant acute pain is still undermanaged or unmanaged (7). Comprehensive meta-analytic reviews of nonpharmacological pain management strategies are essential to the ethical and humane treatment of infants and young children during acutely painful procedures. While several reviews summarize certain acute pain management techniques for painful procedures in infants and young children (8-10), no comprehensive meta-analyses were attempted. Moreover, to our knowledge, there have been no meta-analyses conducted on the broad range of nonpharmacological interventions for managing acute pain and distress in young children from zero to three years of age. Given the frequency of acutely painful procedures for healthy children in early childhood (eg, immunizations) and for hospitalized infants (11), this significant gap in the literature deserves a higher priority. The full review (12) also takes a novel and in-depth look at the nonpharmacological pain management literature by controlling for age and type of pain response. Age was considered crucial due to the steep trajectory of infant development, both psychologically and physiologically. Moreover, given the different physiological and psychological mechanisms subsuming the initial reaction to a painful stimulus (more automatic and/or reflexive reactivity such as initial distress cry) and during the period of recovery from the painful insult (more under voluntary control; such as whimpering cry minutes after a review

Background: Pectusexcavatum is uncommon in children; with an incidence of 1 in 400-1000. It is a... more Background: Pectusexcavatum is uncommon in children; with an incidence of 1 in 400-1000. It is also a rare presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. There is paucity of reports on cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children presenting with pectusexcavatum in our environment. It is on this background that we report a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with pectusexcavatum in an 18month old male. Methods: The case records of an 18 month old male and a review of the literature on the subject, through google, Medline and PubMed search was utilised. Result: An 18month old male presented with chest in-drawing, and pectusexcavatumof 6month duration. Investigations done revealed that he had pulmonary tuberculosis. He was commenced on anti TB drugs and made remarkable improvement. Conclusion: Cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with pectusexcavatum are not common in children. A high index of suspicion will be needed to make an early diagnosis. Pulmonary Tuberculosis should be considere...

Background: Tetanus especially that affecting the newborn has continued to contribute to morbidit... more Background: Tetanus especially that affecting the newborn has continued to contribute to morbidity and mortality in developing countries such as Nigeria despite the availability, for over 30 years of an effective vaccine. Its contributing factors include low immunization coverage, poor obstetric services and illiteracy. This study aims at reviewing the status of neonatal tetanus in UPTH with its characteristics and outcome while highlighting the need for instituting sustainable control measures. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis, involving the review of hospital records on neonatal tetanus cases treated at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from 1995 to 2009. The case notes of all neonatal tetanus patients in the department of paediatrics from 1995-2009 were retrieved and reviewed for age, sex, presenting complaint, immunization status, examination finding, duration of hospitalization and outcome of illness. Results: Two hundred and ninety six neonates, compri...

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics

Background: Newborn morbidity and mortality have remained unacceptably high in developing countri... more Background: Newborn morbidity and mortality have remained unacceptably high in developing countries despite consistent efforts at controlling the scourge. Unlike in developed countries where neonatal mortality rate ranges between 1 and 5 per 1000 live births, average neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria is 36 per 1000 live births. The majority of the causes of death are largely preventable with timely low cost interventions. This study was structured to determine the pattern of morbidity and mortality amongst babies admitted in the Special Care Baby Unit of Madonna hospital Makurdi, Nigeria.Methods: The records of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) over a tenyear period (2005-2015) were retrospectively reviewed. Information obtained included the sex, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, reasons for admission and outcome of treatment.Results: A total of 1,121 babies were admitted during the period under review. The male female ratio was 1.2:1.The majo...

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health

Introduction: Nigeria is one of the countries where maternal and neonatal tetanus is still preval... more Introduction: Nigeria is one of the countries where maternal and neonatal tetanus is still prevalent and as such a public health issue. In spite of campaign on maternal tetanus immunization, its safety and protection against tetanus, uptake has remained poor. Aim: This study is aimed to determine the level of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine uptake among women of child bearing age in Rivers State Nigeria. Methods: Using a cluster sampling method, a descriptive cross-sectional community based study was carried out. The study was carried out in Opiro community in Igbo Agwuru-Asa Clan in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Results: Of the 555 women studied 108(19.5%) of them had received 5 doses of TT while 206 (37.1%) had received at least two doses of TT, giving an overall prevalence of TT utilization among women of childbearing age of 31.7%. Eighty four (31.2%) of women who were ≤ 30 years compared to the 122(42.7%) of the older women had received at least 2 doses of TT vaccine....

Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science

Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of ourtime, it ... more Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of ourtime, it has saved millions of lives of under-five children globally and brought about areduction in the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases all over the world butespecially in sub-Saharan Africa and also in Nigeria. Despite all of these, vaccination ofchildren has remained low especially amongst the children that need it most. Aim; Theaim of this study was to determine the vaccination status of children at Umuebelecommunity and factors influencing it. Methods; This was a descriptive community-based study carried out over a period of two months June-July 2019. Data was collectedusing a structured interviewer administered questionnaire which was designed byresearchers, consisting of three sections. Information obtained included socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status and characteristics, reasons for notcompleting immunisation, place of immunisation Results; There were 438 respo...

International Journal of Medical Science

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Diarrhoea illnesses continue to cause major sickness and death in children in develop... more Background: Diarrhoea illnesses continue to cause major sickness and death in children in developing countries. They often occur simultaneously in association with other illnesses as comorbidities, especially in children under five years of age. There is a dearth of literature on these comorbidities. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of diarrhoea and associated comorbidities in children with diarrhoea diseases at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2011 to December 2014. The case notes of all children with diarrhoea who presented to the Diarrhoea Training Unit (DTU) and children’s emergency ward were retrieved and studied. Information sought included the biodata, type of diarrhoea, presence and level of dehydration, year and month of presentation, outcome of illness and comorbidities...

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency 1Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria. The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important thapproach if the 4 Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional

Pain Research and Management, 2011

BACKGROUND: Acute pain and distress during medical procedures are commonplace for young children.... more BACKGROUND: Acute pain and distress during medical procedures are commonplace for young children.OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions for acute procedural pain in children up to three years of age.METHODS: Study inclusion criteria were: participants <3 years of age, involved in a randomized controlled or crossover trial, and use of a ‘no-treatment’ control group (51 studies; n=3396). Additional studies meeting all criteria except for study design (eg, use of active control group) were qualitatively described (n=20).RESULTS: For every intervention, data were analyzed separately according to age group (preterm-born, term-born neonate and older infant/young child) and type of pain response (pain reactivity, immediate pain-related regulation). The largest standardized mean differences (SMD) for pain reactivity were as follows: sucking-related interventions (preterm: −0.42 [95% CI −0.68 to −0.15]; neonate −1.45 [CI −2.34 to −0.57]), kangaroo care (pret...

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency 1 Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria . The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important th approach if the 4 Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of children diagnosed with pneumonia who were admitted into the children's wards between January 2007 and December 2009. The case notes of all children diagnosed of pneumonia who were admitted into the paediatric wards as recorded in the ward register, were reviewed.

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2011

Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely... more Background: Childhood mortality which remains high in children under the age of 5years is largely due to infectious and other preventable causes such as Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ((HIV/AIDS), pneumonia and malaria 1 . The prevention of pneumonia deaths is therefore an important th approach if the 4 th Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) is to be attained. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, clinical features, management and complications of pneumonia in under-five children admitted in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to highlight their morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of children diagnosed with pneumonia who were admitted into the children's wards between January 2007 and December 2009. The case notes of all children diagnosed of pneumonia who were admitted into the paediatric wards as recorded in the ward register, were reviewed. Resu...

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2011

Background: Microalbuminuria, though a relevant screening tool world wide, is scarcely reported w... more Background: Microalbuminuria, though a relevant screening tool world wide, is scarcely reported with very sparse literature in our setting. Microalbuminuria is a marker of early renal involvement, compare to routine serum creatinine and electrolytes changes in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This article attempts to review the significance, risk factors and methods of detection of Microalbuminuria. Methods: Available publications from local and international journals in addition to Medline and Google search, particularly for local references were utilized. Other sources of our data included dissertations from the library of National post graduate medical college and text books of paediatric nephrology. Results: Microalbuminuria is used extensively in diabetes mellitus as a sensitive test for the detection of preclinical kidney dysfunction prior to the development of overt proteinuria, and as a predictor of subsequent diabetic nephropathy. It has been found to be an important pr...

Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most comm on infectious diseases globally and may resul... more Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most comm on infectious diseases globally and may result in cirrhosis and liver cell cancer. The aim of this st udy was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in children with sickle cell anaemi a presenting at the Hematology Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nige ria. This was a prospective hospital based study of children with sickle cell anaemia from the age o f 6 months to 18 years presenting at the Haematology Clinic of the University of Port Harcou rt Teaching Hospital from June 2006 to February 2007. Information obtained included gender, age, ha emoglobin genotype and hepatitis B surface antigen. Those with incomplete records were exclude d. There were a total of 132 patients with sickle cell anaemia. Seventy two (54.5 %) were males while 60(45.5%) were females. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was available for 84 patients. Out of these, 3 were HBsAg positive giving a prevalence of 3....

The Nigerian Health Journal, 2015

Background: Nigeria which has one of the world's highest burden of children living with Sick... more Background: Nigeria which has one of the world's highest burden of children living with Sickle cell anaemia is also endemic for hepatitis B, C and the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study set out to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among children with Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study of children with sickle cell anaemia aged 0.5 years to 18 years presenting at the haematology clinic of UPTH. A serological screening was carried out over a period of five months to determine the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV and HIV 1 and 2 infection. Other data obtained included sex, age and other demographic data. Results: There were 182 SCA patients with 72 (54.5%) males and 60 (45.5%) females. Results of HCV anti-body, HBSAg, and HIV were available for 84 pat...

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, Mar 24, 2020

Introduction: Anophthalmia which is the congenital absence of the eyes could be bilateral or cong... more Introduction: Anophthalmia which is the congenital absence of the eyes could be bilateral or congenital, it occurs globally although it is rare. It is usually in association with other systemic congenital abnormalities. Case Report: A case of a female baby delivered at a primary health center in Port Harcourt, Nigeria who had bilateral anophthalmia is reported here along with review of literature Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI) of brain and orbit was used to confirm the diagnosis which showed absence of both globes, with hypoplasia of the orbits as well as the extraocular muscles, the optic nerves could not be differentiated from the visualized intra-orbital structures. All other systems were essentially normal. This is an exceptional case in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, as literature search shows that no other case has been reported in Port Harcourt. She is currently being followed up at the paediatric, ophthalmology and ENT clinics of the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital.

American Journal of Pediatrics

Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasi... more Insecticide Treated bed Net (ITN) is considered to be the most efficacious of all currently feasible interventions for malaria control in Africa. However, lack of data on its use in under five children has made it difficult to keep tract of its efficacy in this population. This study was aimed at pooling published data from parts of Africa and Asia with the hope of providing an overview of the use of ITNs and its efficacy in children under five years of age. Literature search was carried out Pubmed, Pubmedcentral, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library for all published articles between 1991 and 2015 using search strings such as under five children, ITN, malaria parasitaemia, anaemia, protective efficacy, ownership and use, pattern of deployment and types of ITN. Based on specific criteria, 30 studies were included. Few countries have met the ITN coverage target of 80% including Nigeria, with coverage rates ranging from about 69% to 75%. ITN use in under five children has been shown to reduce the prevalence of malaria and anaemia in areas unstable malaria transmission to a variable degree. ITN possession does not always translate to usage and consistent use is required for effective malaria control.

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2016

British Microbiology Research Journal, 2015

Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escheric... more Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been noted in community acquired strains as against the hospital acquired origin. This study was designed to assess antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profile of extended spectrum beta lactamase - producing Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract

Pain research & management : the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la société canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur

I nitial misinterpretations of common infant pain outcomes, such as the lack of declarative memor... more I nitial misinterpretations of common infant pain outcomes, such as the lack of declarative memory for painful experiences during infancy (1), the muted responses of premature infants after a barrage of painful procedures (2), and unacceptable rates of serious adverse events due to poor knowledge of infant responses to analgesics and anesthetics during the 1950s to 1970s (3), perpetuated widespread neglect of infant pain treatment. Established research supports infants' anatomical and functional capacity to perceive pain (4,5) and respond to tissue insult in a manner interpretable as pain (6). However, despite significant advocacy work, infant acute pain is still undermanaged or unmanaged (7). Comprehensive meta-analytic reviews of nonpharmacological pain management strategies are essential to the ethical and humane treatment of infants and young children during acutely painful procedures. While several reviews summarize certain acute pain management techniques for painful procedures in infants and young children (8-10), no comprehensive meta-analyses were attempted. Moreover, to our knowledge, there have been no meta-analyses conducted on the broad range of nonpharmacological interventions for managing acute pain and distress in young children from zero to three years of age. Given the frequency of acutely painful procedures for healthy children in early childhood (eg, immunizations) and for hospitalized infants (11), this significant gap in the literature deserves a higher priority. The full review (12) also takes a novel and in-depth look at the nonpharmacological pain management literature by controlling for age and type of pain response. Age was considered crucial due to the steep trajectory of infant development, both psychologically and physiologically. Moreover, given the different physiological and psychological mechanisms subsuming the initial reaction to a painful stimulus (more automatic and/or reflexive reactivity such as initial distress cry) and during the period of recovery from the painful insult (more under voluntary control; such as whimpering cry minutes after a review

Background: Pectusexcavatum is uncommon in children; with an incidence of 1 in 400-1000. It is a... more Background: Pectusexcavatum is uncommon in children; with an incidence of 1 in 400-1000. It is also a rare presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. There is paucity of reports on cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children presenting with pectusexcavatum in our environment. It is on this background that we report a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with pectusexcavatum in an 18month old male. Methods: The case records of an 18 month old male and a review of the literature on the subject, through google, Medline and PubMed search was utilised. Result: An 18month old male presented with chest in-drawing, and pectusexcavatumof 6month duration. Investigations done revealed that he had pulmonary tuberculosis. He was commenced on anti TB drugs and made remarkable improvement. Conclusion: Cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with pectusexcavatum are not common in children. A high index of suspicion will be needed to make an early diagnosis. Pulmonary Tuberculosis should be considere...

Background: Tetanus especially that affecting the newborn has continued to contribute to morbidit... more Background: Tetanus especially that affecting the newborn has continued to contribute to morbidity and mortality in developing countries such as Nigeria despite the availability, for over 30 years of an effective vaccine. Its contributing factors include low immunization coverage, poor obstetric services and illiteracy. This study aims at reviewing the status of neonatal tetanus in UPTH with its characteristics and outcome while highlighting the need for instituting sustainable control measures. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis, involving the review of hospital records on neonatal tetanus cases treated at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from 1995 to 2009. The case notes of all neonatal tetanus patients in the department of paediatrics from 1995-2009 were retrieved and reviewed for age, sex, presenting complaint, immunization status, examination finding, duration of hospitalization and outcome of illness. Results: Two hundred and ninety six neonates, compri...

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2016

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics

Background: Newborn morbidity and mortality have remained unacceptably high in developing countri... more Background: Newborn morbidity and mortality have remained unacceptably high in developing countries despite consistent efforts at controlling the scourge. Unlike in developed countries where neonatal mortality rate ranges between 1 and 5 per 1000 live births, average neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria is 36 per 1000 live births. The majority of the causes of death are largely preventable with timely low cost interventions. This study was structured to determine the pattern of morbidity and mortality amongst babies admitted in the Special Care Baby Unit of Madonna hospital Makurdi, Nigeria.Methods: The records of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) over a tenyear period (2005-2015) were retrospectively reviewed. Information obtained included the sex, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, reasons for admission and outcome of treatment.Results: A total of 1,121 babies were admitted during the period under review. The male female ratio was 1.2:1.The majo...

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health

Introduction: Nigeria is one of the countries where maternal and neonatal tetanus is still preval... more Introduction: Nigeria is one of the countries where maternal and neonatal tetanus is still prevalent and as such a public health issue. In spite of campaign on maternal tetanus immunization, its safety and protection against tetanus, uptake has remained poor. Aim: This study is aimed to determine the level of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine uptake among women of child bearing age in Rivers State Nigeria. Methods: Using a cluster sampling method, a descriptive cross-sectional community based study was carried out. The study was carried out in Opiro community in Igbo Agwuru-Asa Clan in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Results: Of the 555 women studied 108(19.5%) of them had received 5 doses of TT while 206 (37.1%) had received at least two doses of TT, giving an overall prevalence of TT utilization among women of childbearing age of 31.7%. Eighty four (31.2%) of women who were ≤ 30 years compared to the 122(42.7%) of the older women had received at least 2 doses of TT vaccine....

Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science

Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of ourtime, it ... more Background; Vaccination is one of the most important cost effective interventions of ourtime, it has saved millions of lives of under-five children globally and brought about areduction in the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases all over the world butespecially in sub-Saharan Africa and also in Nigeria. Despite all of these, vaccination ofchildren has remained low especially amongst the children that need it most. Aim; Theaim of this study was to determine the vaccination status of children at Umuebelecommunity and factors influencing it. Methods; This was a descriptive community-based study carried out over a period of two months June-July 2019. Data was collectedusing a structured interviewer administered questionnaire which was designed byresearchers, consisting of three sections. Information obtained included socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status and characteristics, reasons for notcompleting immunisation, place of immunisation Results; There were 438 respo...

International Journal of Medical Science

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Diarrhoea illnesses continue to cause major sickness and death in children in develop... more Background: Diarrhoea illnesses continue to cause major sickness and death in children in developing countries. They often occur simultaneously in association with other illnesses as comorbidities, especially in children under five years of age. There is a dearth of literature on these comorbidities. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of diarrhoea and associated comorbidities in children with diarrhoea diseases at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2011 to December 2014. The case notes of all children with diarrhoea who presented to the Diarrhoea Training Unit (DTU) and children’s emergency ward were retrieved and studied. Information sought included the biodata, type of diarrhoea, presence and level of dehydration, year and month of presentation, outcome of illness and comorbidities...