Yair Ben-Dov - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Yair Ben-Dov
Journal of Natural History, Feb 1, 2016
ABSTRACT Aspects of the biology and life history of six Kermesidae species were studied in Israel... more ABSTRACT Aspects of the biology and life history of six Kermesidae species were studied in Israel between the years 2010 and 2013, namely five species of Kermes Boitard: Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, K. greeni Bodenheimer, K. hermonensis Spodek & Ben-Dov, K. nahalali Bodenheimer and K. spatulatus Balachowsky and one species of Nidularia, N. balachowskii Bodenheimer. All six species are oviparous, bi-sexual, univoltine and oligophagous on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). The five Kermes species spend the winter, summer and autumn as first-instar nymphs, while it is the mated adult female of N. balachowskii that occurs during this period. The geographic distribution and host trees in Israel are reported for each of the six Kermesidae species. Information about associated ant fauna is also discussed.
Entomologica, Dec 13, 2016
The citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, was first discovered in Israel in 1937 and ... more The citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, was first discovered in Israel in 1937 and very rapidly became a key pest of citrus. However, since the early 1940s, the mealybug population has sharply decreased. This occurred in parallel with the establishment of the introduced parasitoid Clausenia purpurea Ishii, which was then believed to be the main cause of the biological control of the mealybug. Since the late 1980s, outbreaks of P. cryptus have been recorded mainly in new citrus varieties, such as red grapefruits, pomelo, "sweety" and several peeling varieties. The current outbreaks are probably related to the susceptibility of these mentioned varieties to P. cryptus, and to the adverse effects of Insect Growth Regulators to coccinellid predators, especially Scymnus spp. The introduced C. purpurea and two other local encyrtid parasitoids, Leptomastix near algirica and Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, rarely emerged from samples of P. cryptus collected during 1996-1998. Four further parasitoid species were introduced into Israel during 1996-1997 against P. cryptus: from central Asia, the platygasterids Allotropa burrelli Muesebeck and A. convexifrons Muesebeck and the encyrtid, Pseudaphycus malinus Gahan; and from Japan, Anagyrus sawadai Ishii. A. convexifrons and A. sawadai successfully parasitized P. cryptus and, therefore, were released in the field but only A. sawadai has so far been recovered. A considerable reduction in population densities of the pest has been recorded since May, 1998, in the major release site of the latter species.
Phytoparasitica, Jan 25, 2018
In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was repo... more In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was reported for the first time in the Jordan Valley in 2008 on basil (Ocimum basilicum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). This mealybug is highly polyphagous with economic and environmental impacts. Since then, Ph. solenopsis has spread to almost every region of Israel and developed high populations on several ornamental plants, mainly Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae) and Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae). It has become a pest in greenhouses, mainly on bell pepper, tomato, and eggplant (Solanaceae) and a serious threat in cotton fields. Fourteen species of insect natural enemies have been found in association with Ph. solenopsis in Israel the common ones were: Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hym. Encyrtidae), Cheilomenes propinqua (Mulsant), Hyperaspis vinciguerrae (Capra); H. polita Weise, Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), Parascymnus varius Kirsch and Scymnus flagellisiphonatus (Fursch) (Col., Coccinellidae). To date, the population density of Ph. solenopsis in Israel is steeply decreasing in most regions of Israel due to the activity of A. arizonensis. An identification key to distinguish between adult females of the eight species belonging to the genus Phenacoccus in Israel is also provided.
Phytoparasitica, Dec 27, 2013
ABSTRACT The presence of the Opuntia cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (He... more ABSTRACT The presence of the Opuntia cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) is reported for the first time from Israel. It was collected off the Indian-fig prickly-pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae) in the Hula Valley of the Upper Galilee.
Systematic Entomology, 1989
ABSTRACT
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1995
The daily rate of oviposition, fecundity, survival and adult longevity of Orius albidipennis (Reu... more The daily rate of oviposition, fecundity, survival and adult longevity of Orius albidipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were studied in the laboratory in Israel. These parameters were compared on three arthropod prey species: the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman; and eggs of the almond moth, Ephestia cautella Walker. The fecundity and survival on the thrips diet (217.2 eggs/female and 98.7%, respectively) and on moth eggs (184.1 eggs/female and 84.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than on the spider mite diet (110.9 eggs/female and 40.4%, respectively). Female longevity was significantly higher on Ephestia eggs (63.0 days) than on thrips (45.1 days) and mites (35.1 days). There were no significant differences in male longevity among the three diets (57.5, 64.1 and 54.5 days, respectively).
ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 2017
Figure 1. Photographs of the general appearance of all stages of development of Kermes spatulatus... more Figure 1. Photographs of the general appearance of all stages of development of Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky: (a) first-instar nymph; (b) second-instar female; (c) third-instar female; (d) young adult female; (e) post-reproductive female; (f) male test; (g) second-instar male; (h) prepupa; (i) pupa; (j) adult male.
Zootaxa, 2012
The first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes greeni Bodenheimer, 1931 are redescribed and a ... more The first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes greeni Bodenheimer, 1931 are redescribed and a lectotype is designated. Kermes palestiniensis Balachowsky, 1953 is synonymized with K. greeni. This synonymy is based on a study of the type material of K. greeni and K. palestiniensis, as well as on fresh, topotypic material collected from Quercus calliprinos Webb in Israel.
Zootaxa, 2009
Scale insect names combined with the genus name Coccus Linnaeus, number almost 550. These names a... more Scale insect names combined with the genus name Coccus Linnaeus, number almost 550. These names are listed and annotated after searching the relevant taxonomic and economic literature published since 1758. Where possible, we give the current status for each name and discuss names of species that we regard as unrecognisable. We transfer Coccus stipulaeformis Haworth to the genus Ceroplastes as Ceroplastes stipulaeformis (Haworth) comb. n., and we also synonymise Coccus alchemillae Walker with Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus) syn. n., Coccus conchiformis Gmelin with Coccus conchiformis Goeze syn. n., Coccus clematitis Goeze with Parthenolecanium persicae persicae (Fabricius) syn. n., Coccus mespili Goeze with Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus) syn. n., Coccus arbuti Turton with Eriococcus uvaeursi (Linnaeus) syn. n., and Coccus cacti v. silvestris Meunier with Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamarck) syn. n..
Floresta e Ambiente, 2017
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is registe... more The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is registered for the first time in teak forest stands, Tectona grandis, in the municipality of São José de Quatro Marcos, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Information on the geographical distribution, biology, damage and management of this pest is provided.
Annals of Agrarian Science, 2017
The Scale Insects, infraorder Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) includes many agricultural p... more The Scale Insects, infraorder Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) includes many agricultural pests. The latest check list of scale insects of Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia) was published in 2008, but it contained species mostly from the city of Tbilisi. In this study an updated check list of scale insects of Sakartvelo with 242 species is presented. Fifteen scale insect families from 30 extant families in the world are presented for Sakartvelo. Most species-rich families are: Diaspididae with 90 species belonging to 38 genera, Pseudococcidae with 72 species belonging to 31 genera and Coccidae with 43 species belonging to 23 genera. Other families are: Acanthococcidae (5 genera, 10 species), Asterolecaniidae (3 genera, 5 species), Cryptococcidae (2 genera, 3 species), Eriococcidae (1 genus, 2 species), Kermesidae (1 genus, 3 species), Kerriidae (1 genus, 1 species), Kuwaniidae (1 genus, 1 species), Marchalinidae (1 genus, 1 species), Margarodidae (2 genera, 3 species), Monophlebidae (2 genera, 2 species), Ortheziidae (3 genera, 5 species), Putoidae (1 genus, 1 species). Anophococcus agropyri was found in the collection of Z. Hadzibeyli and it is herein recorded for the first time from Georgia. Distribution and host plant data for each species is given.
Database : the journal of biological databases and curation, 2016
Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are small herbivorous insects found on all continents except... more Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are small herbivorous insects found on all continents except Antarctica. They are extremely invasive, and many species are serious agricultural pests. They are also emerging models for studies of the evolution of genetic systems, endosymbiosis and plant-insect interactions. ScaleNet was launched in 1995 to provide insect identifiers, pest managers, insect systematists, evolutionary biologists and ecologists efficient access to information about scale insect biological diversity. It provides comprehensive information on scale insects taken directly from the primary literature. Currently, it draws from 23 477 articles and describes the systematics and biology of 8194 valid species. For 20 years, ScaleNet ran on the same software platform. That platform is no longer viable. Here, we present a new, open-source implementation of ScaleNet. We have normalized the data model, begun the process of correcting invalid data, upgraded the user interface, and ...
BEN-Dov, Y. & TAKAGI, S. 1974. Resurrection of Natalaspis MacGillivray, with notes on the identit... more BEN-Dov, Y. & TAKAGI, S. 1974. Resurrection of Natalaspis MacGillivray, with notes on the identity and on the larvae of its type-species (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Ins. matsum. n.s. 3: 43-53, 2 tabs., 2 figs. Odonaspis simplex Green var. formosana Takahashi is identical with the unnamed species Chionaspis simplex Green var.: Brain, 1920. The former is accepted as the first scientific name of the type-species of Natalaspis MacGillivray. The type-species is distinct from Chionaspis simplex Green, yet the two are congeneric. Because the latter is the typespecies of Poliaspoides MacGillivray and N atalaspis has line precedence on the same page over Poliaspoides, Natalaspis is the valid name of the genus. Specimens of Natalaspis formosana from Reunion, South Africa and Taiwan have been examined, and the distinguishing characters from N. simplex are discussed. The second instar female and first instar larva of N. formosana are described.
Zootaxa, 2015
The genus Dactylopius is the only genus at present in the family Dactylopiidae. Since the name Da... more The genus Dactylopius is the only genus at present in the family Dactylopiidae. Since the name Dactylopius was proposed in 1829, however, numerous other species names belonging to different families of scale insects have been combined with it and these are also listed. The present status and the family placement are also given for each species.
Journal of the Entomological Research Society
ABSTRACT In this note we report the presence of Kermes hermonensis Spodek and Ben-Dov (Hemiptera:... more ABSTRACT In this note we report the presence of Kermes hermonensis Spodek and Ben-Dov (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kermesidae) in Turkey and add Quercus infectoria as a new host plant record.
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
It is a crop of economic importance, being cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries.... more It is a crop of economic importance, being cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. The major producers, according to regions are as follows: America (USA [California and Florida], Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and other countries of Central and South America, including the Caribbean Islands), Africa (South Africa, Zaire, Cameroon, Kenya, Egypt, and Canary Islands), Asia (Philippines), and the Mediterranean region (Israel, Spain). The crop is affected by a variety of pests, including mites, moths, beetles, flies, thrips, scale insects, and whiteflies. Forty-two species of soft scale insects are reported on avocado; however, only six are considered to be of economic importance, but are usually limited to a particular avocado variety or geographical region: Protopulvinaria pyriforrnis Cockerell (various countries), Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock , Parthenolecanium corni , Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus , Saissetia coffeae , and S. oleae .
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
ABSTRACT
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
ABSTRACT
Journal of Natural History, Feb 1, 2016
ABSTRACT Aspects of the biology and life history of six Kermesidae species were studied in Israel... more ABSTRACT Aspects of the biology and life history of six Kermesidae species were studied in Israel between the years 2010 and 2013, namely five species of Kermes Boitard: Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, K. greeni Bodenheimer, K. hermonensis Spodek & Ben-Dov, K. nahalali Bodenheimer and K. spatulatus Balachowsky and one species of Nidularia, N. balachowskii Bodenheimer. All six species are oviparous, bi-sexual, univoltine and oligophagous on Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). The five Kermes species spend the winter, summer and autumn as first-instar nymphs, while it is the mated adult female of N. balachowskii that occurs during this period. The geographic distribution and host trees in Israel are reported for each of the six Kermesidae species. Information about associated ant fauna is also discussed.
Entomologica, Dec 13, 2016
The citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, was first discovered in Israel in 1937 and ... more The citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, was first discovered in Israel in 1937 and very rapidly became a key pest of citrus. However, since the early 1940s, the mealybug population has sharply decreased. This occurred in parallel with the establishment of the introduced parasitoid Clausenia purpurea Ishii, which was then believed to be the main cause of the biological control of the mealybug. Since the late 1980s, outbreaks of P. cryptus have been recorded mainly in new citrus varieties, such as red grapefruits, pomelo, "sweety" and several peeling varieties. The current outbreaks are probably related to the susceptibility of these mentioned varieties to P. cryptus, and to the adverse effects of Insect Growth Regulators to coccinellid predators, especially Scymnus spp. The introduced C. purpurea and two other local encyrtid parasitoids, Leptomastix near algirica and Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, rarely emerged from samples of P. cryptus collected during 1996-1998. Four further parasitoid species were introduced into Israel during 1996-1997 against P. cryptus: from central Asia, the platygasterids Allotropa burrelli Muesebeck and A. convexifrons Muesebeck and the encyrtid, Pseudaphycus malinus Gahan; and from Japan, Anagyrus sawadai Ishii. A. convexifrons and A. sawadai successfully parasitized P. cryptus and, therefore, were released in the field but only A. sawadai has so far been recovered. A considerable reduction in population densities of the pest has been recorded since May, 1998, in the major release site of the latter species.
Phytoparasitica, Jan 25, 2018
In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was repo... more In Israel, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, an invasive scale insect, was reported for the first time in the Jordan Valley in 2008 on basil (Ocimum basilicum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). This mealybug is highly polyphagous with economic and environmental impacts. Since then, Ph. solenopsis has spread to almost every region of Israel and developed high populations on several ornamental plants, mainly Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae) and Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae). It has become a pest in greenhouses, mainly on bell pepper, tomato, and eggplant (Solanaceae) and a serious threat in cotton fields. Fourteen species of insect natural enemies have been found in association with Ph. solenopsis in Israel the common ones were: Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hym. Encyrtidae), Cheilomenes propinqua (Mulsant), Hyperaspis vinciguerrae (Capra); H. polita Weise, Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), Parascymnus varius Kirsch and Scymnus flagellisiphonatus (Fursch) (Col., Coccinellidae). To date, the population density of Ph. solenopsis in Israel is steeply decreasing in most regions of Israel due to the activity of A. arizonensis. An identification key to distinguish between adult females of the eight species belonging to the genus Phenacoccus in Israel is also provided.
Phytoparasitica, Dec 27, 2013
ABSTRACT The presence of the Opuntia cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (He... more ABSTRACT The presence of the Opuntia cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) is reported for the first time from Israel. It was collected off the Indian-fig prickly-pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae) in the Hula Valley of the Upper Galilee.
Systematic Entomology, 1989
ABSTRACT
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1995
The daily rate of oviposition, fecundity, survival and adult longevity of Orius albidipennis (Reu... more The daily rate of oviposition, fecundity, survival and adult longevity of Orius albidipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were studied in the laboratory in Israel. These parameters were compared on three arthropod prey species: the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch; the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman; and eggs of the almond moth, Ephestia cautella Walker. The fecundity and survival on the thrips diet (217.2 eggs/female and 98.7%, respectively) and on moth eggs (184.1 eggs/female and 84.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than on the spider mite diet (110.9 eggs/female and 40.4%, respectively). Female longevity was significantly higher on Ephestia eggs (63.0 days) than on thrips (45.1 days) and mites (35.1 days). There were no significant differences in male longevity among the three diets (57.5, 64.1 and 54.5 days, respectively).
ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 2017
Figure 1. Photographs of the general appearance of all stages of development of Kermes spatulatus... more Figure 1. Photographs of the general appearance of all stages of development of Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky: (a) first-instar nymph; (b) second-instar female; (c) third-instar female; (d) young adult female; (e) post-reproductive female; (f) male test; (g) second-instar male; (h) prepupa; (i) pupa; (j) adult male.
Zootaxa, 2012
The first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes greeni Bodenheimer, 1931 are redescribed and a ... more The first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes greeni Bodenheimer, 1931 are redescribed and a lectotype is designated. Kermes palestiniensis Balachowsky, 1953 is synonymized with K. greeni. This synonymy is based on a study of the type material of K. greeni and K. palestiniensis, as well as on fresh, topotypic material collected from Quercus calliprinos Webb in Israel.
Zootaxa, 2009
Scale insect names combined with the genus name Coccus Linnaeus, number almost 550. These names a... more Scale insect names combined with the genus name Coccus Linnaeus, number almost 550. These names are listed and annotated after searching the relevant taxonomic and economic literature published since 1758. Where possible, we give the current status for each name and discuss names of species that we regard as unrecognisable. We transfer Coccus stipulaeformis Haworth to the genus Ceroplastes as Ceroplastes stipulaeformis (Haworth) comb. n., and we also synonymise Coccus alchemillae Walker with Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus) syn. n., Coccus conchiformis Gmelin with Coccus conchiformis Goeze syn. n., Coccus clematitis Goeze with Parthenolecanium persicae persicae (Fabricius) syn. n., Coccus mespili Goeze with Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus) syn. n., Coccus arbuti Turton with Eriococcus uvaeursi (Linnaeus) syn. n., and Coccus cacti v. silvestris Meunier with Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamarck) syn. n..
Floresta e Ambiente, 2017
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is registe... more The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) is registered for the first time in teak forest stands, Tectona grandis, in the municipality of São José de Quatro Marcos, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Information on the geographical distribution, biology, damage and management of this pest is provided.
Annals of Agrarian Science, 2017
The Scale Insects, infraorder Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) includes many agricultural p... more The Scale Insects, infraorder Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) includes many agricultural pests. The latest check list of scale insects of Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia) was published in 2008, but it contained species mostly from the city of Tbilisi. In this study an updated check list of scale insects of Sakartvelo with 242 species is presented. Fifteen scale insect families from 30 extant families in the world are presented for Sakartvelo. Most species-rich families are: Diaspididae with 90 species belonging to 38 genera, Pseudococcidae with 72 species belonging to 31 genera and Coccidae with 43 species belonging to 23 genera. Other families are: Acanthococcidae (5 genera, 10 species), Asterolecaniidae (3 genera, 5 species), Cryptococcidae (2 genera, 3 species), Eriococcidae (1 genus, 2 species), Kermesidae (1 genus, 3 species), Kerriidae (1 genus, 1 species), Kuwaniidae (1 genus, 1 species), Marchalinidae (1 genus, 1 species), Margarodidae (2 genera, 3 species), Monophlebidae (2 genera, 2 species), Ortheziidae (3 genera, 5 species), Putoidae (1 genus, 1 species). Anophococcus agropyri was found in the collection of Z. Hadzibeyli and it is herein recorded for the first time from Georgia. Distribution and host plant data for each species is given.
Database : the journal of biological databases and curation, 2016
Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are small herbivorous insects found on all continents except... more Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are small herbivorous insects found on all continents except Antarctica. They are extremely invasive, and many species are serious agricultural pests. They are also emerging models for studies of the evolution of genetic systems, endosymbiosis and plant-insect interactions. ScaleNet was launched in 1995 to provide insect identifiers, pest managers, insect systematists, evolutionary biologists and ecologists efficient access to information about scale insect biological diversity. It provides comprehensive information on scale insects taken directly from the primary literature. Currently, it draws from 23 477 articles and describes the systematics and biology of 8194 valid species. For 20 years, ScaleNet ran on the same software platform. That platform is no longer viable. Here, we present a new, open-source implementation of ScaleNet. We have normalized the data model, begun the process of correcting invalid data, upgraded the user interface, and ...
BEN-Dov, Y. & TAKAGI, S. 1974. Resurrection of Natalaspis MacGillivray, with notes on the identit... more BEN-Dov, Y. & TAKAGI, S. 1974. Resurrection of Natalaspis MacGillivray, with notes on the identity and on the larvae of its type-species (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Ins. matsum. n.s. 3: 43-53, 2 tabs., 2 figs. Odonaspis simplex Green var. formosana Takahashi is identical with the unnamed species Chionaspis simplex Green var.: Brain, 1920. The former is accepted as the first scientific name of the type-species of Natalaspis MacGillivray. The type-species is distinct from Chionaspis simplex Green, yet the two are congeneric. Because the latter is the typespecies of Poliaspoides MacGillivray and N atalaspis has line precedence on the same page over Poliaspoides, Natalaspis is the valid name of the genus. Specimens of Natalaspis formosana from Reunion, South Africa and Taiwan have been examined, and the distinguishing characters from N. simplex are discussed. The second instar female and first instar larva of N. formosana are described.
Zootaxa, 2015
The genus Dactylopius is the only genus at present in the family Dactylopiidae. Since the name Da... more The genus Dactylopius is the only genus at present in the family Dactylopiidae. Since the name Dactylopius was proposed in 1829, however, numerous other species names belonging to different families of scale insects have been combined with it and these are also listed. The present status and the family placement are also given for each species.
Journal of the Entomological Research Society
ABSTRACT In this note we report the presence of Kermes hermonensis Spodek and Ben-Dov (Hemiptera:... more ABSTRACT In this note we report the presence of Kermes hermonensis Spodek and Ben-Dov (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kermesidae) in Turkey and add Quercus infectoria as a new host plant record.
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
It is a crop of economic importance, being cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries.... more It is a crop of economic importance, being cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. The major producers, according to regions are as follows: America (USA [California and Florida], Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and other countries of Central and South America, including the Caribbean Islands), Africa (South Africa, Zaire, Cameroon, Kenya, Egypt, and Canary Islands), Asia (Philippines), and the Mediterranean region (Israel, Spain). The crop is affected by a variety of pests, including mites, moths, beetles, flies, thrips, scale insects, and whiteflies. Forty-two species of soft scale insects are reported on avocado; however, only six are considered to be of economic importance, but are usually limited to a particular avocado variety or geographical region: Protopulvinaria pyriforrnis Cockerell (various countries), Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock , Parthenolecanium corni , Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus , Saissetia coffeae , and S. oleae .
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
ABSTRACT
Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 1997
ABSTRACT