Yamini Krishnan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Yamini Krishnan

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Mimicked in Childhood Hypophosphatasia

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2009

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism characterized by low serum alkaline phos... more Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity caused by inactivating mutations within TNSALP, the gene that encodes the “tissue‐nonspecific” isoenzyme of ALP (TNSALP). In HPP, extracellular accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate, a TNSALP substrate, inhibits hydroxyapatite crystal growth leading to rickets or osteomalacia. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is the pediatric syndrome of periarticular pain and radiographic changes resembling infectious osteomyelitis but without lesional pathogens. Some consider CRMO to be an autoinflammatory disease. An unrelated boy and girl with the childhood form of HPP suffered chronic, multifocal, periarticular pain, and soft tissue swelling. To investigate this unusual complication, we evaluated their cumulative clinical, biochemical, radiological, and histopathological findings and performed mutation analysis of their TNSALP alleles. The earliest radiograp...

Research paper thumbnail of Consumption Coagulopathy in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of Literature

PubMed, Sep 1, 2019

Introduction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recogn... more Introduction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recognized entity both in various malignant and non-malignant conditions. Most data in paediatric solid tumours are isolated case reports, while there is sparse data in paediatric acute leukaemia. Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the incidence of DIC in our population of paediatric solid tumours. Design: All records of children <15 years of age registered in the Paediatric Oncology department of our institute with a diagnosis of solid tumour malignancy were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of DIC. Results: Out of the 73 children, 4 have developed DIC, an incidence of 5.5%. The mean age of children who developed DIC was 4.6 years (Range- 2months -15 years) and the majority (2/4- 50%) children were less than 1 year of age. Children with DIC had a male predominance (75%) and the majority (75%) presented in advanced stages of the disease. Of the 10 children with neuroblastoma, 2 (20%) had evidence of DIC. Statistical analysis was done to determine whether any patient characteristic had the propensity to develop DIC. The only factor that attained statistical significance was younger age. Conclusion: Disseminated intravascular coagulation though uncommon in children should always be thought of in a child with advanced disease presenting with thrombocytopenia or clinical manifestations of bleeding tendency. An index of suspicion is important for early diagnosis and emergent treatment which eventually improves survival.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Sep 1, 2013

N eoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced carcinoma breast and has b... more N eoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced carcinoma breast and has been increasingly used in resectable breast cancer. 1 Responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been taken as a surrogate marker for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). With a better understanding of chemotherapeutic regimens and integration of targeted therapies into neoadjuvant regimens, there have been better responses in the recent years. The responses to chemotherapy are, however, dependent on various other parameters such as stage, grade, and biologic markers. The effectiveness of the achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) in various breast cancer subtypes with respect to survival has not been consistent in most studies. 2 Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Research paper thumbnail of X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome harboring a novel CD40-ligand gene mutation: a case report

Immunogenetics, Dec 7, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Brachytherapy in paediatric oncology-a retrospective analysis from a single centre

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Transitioning of ifosfamide based chemotherapy from the inpatient to an outpatient setting - A cost effective and safe option

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Glucocorticosteroid Induced Bradycardia in Children Receiving Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia-an Unrecognised Phenomenon

Asian Oncology Research Journal, Mar 15, 2021

Introduction: Glucocorticoids are an integral part of the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblas... more Introduction: Glucocorticoids are an integral part of the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Bradycardia is an under recognised cardiovascular side effect of steroids in children. Though there is published data from the west on this phenomenon, there is very little data on the same in Indian children. We did an analysis to determine the characteristics of bradycardia in our children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving induction chemotherapy with steroids. The results were compared with the available published western data.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors predicting resilience in parents of pediatric cancer patients in Kerala

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia : A Case Report and Review of Literature

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2004

We report a case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder. The... more We report a case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of COVID-19 in children with cancer – Report from the Indian Pediatric Oncology Group (InPOG) COVID-19 registry in India

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Colo-Colic Intussusception as the Presenting Feature of Neutropenic Typhlitis during Induction Phase of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in an 8-Year-Old Child

Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of children. Gastrointestinal co... more Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of children. Gastrointestinal complications can occur during treatment of these children due to disease infiltration in gut or treatment-related toxicity. Intestinal obstruction is one of these complications and this occurs mostly due to constipation and impacted stool. Intussusception is a very rare entity in children with ALL. Left sided colo-colic intussusception is even rarer. Most of the intussusceptions are ileo-colic and are associated with a lead point. We present a case of left sided colo-colic intussusception in an 8-year-old child with ALL. There was no lead point or leukemic infiltrate in the resected part of the intussusception. Our child had typhlitis leading to intussusception which is a very rare occurrence. Awareness regarding this complication with ALL is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Parent's perception about childhood cancers in the Malabar region schools of Kerala: A mixed method study

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of What was happening to the parent while diagnosing cancer for their child?: A common man perspective – a qualitative study

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Multiple Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia - A Fatal Complication in a Highly Curable Disease

Research paper thumbnail of Consumption Coagulopathy in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recogni... more INTRODUCTION Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recognized entity both in various malignant and non-malignant conditions. Most data in paediatric solid tumours are isolated case reports, while there is sparse data in paediatric acute leukaemia. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to analyze the incidence of DIC in our population of paediatric solid tumours. DESIGN All records of children <15 years of age registered in the Paediatric Oncology department of our institute with a diagnosis of solid tumour malignancy were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of DIC. RESULTS Out of the 73 children, 4 have developed DIC, an incidence of 5.5%. The mean age of children who developed DIC was 4.6 years (Range- 2months -15 years) and the majority (2/4- 50%) children were less than 1 year of age. Children with DIC had a male predominance (75%) and the majority (75%) presented in advanced stages of the disease. Of the 10 children with neuroblastoma, 2 (...

Research paper thumbnail of Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity – An under-recognized entity in pediatric brain tumors: Case report and review of literature

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is not a well-recognized syndrome in pediatric brain t... more Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is not a well-recognized syndrome in pediatric brain tumors, but has been described in adults with traumatic brain injury. We describe the case of a child with medulloblastoma presenting with PSH. An index of suspicion is important in early diagnosis of PSH and this ultimately has an impact on the long-term outcome of patients with the syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical audit of a Paediatric Emergency Warning Score (PEWS) in the paediatric oncology unit of a newly established tertiary cancer institute

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in biologic features between primary and recurrent or relapsed breast cancers

The Gulf journal of oncology, 2014

Changes in ER, PR and Her2 receptor status between primary and metastatic cancer tissue have been... more Changes in ER, PR and Her2 receptor status between primary and metastatic cancer tissue have been suggested in breast cancer. The frequencies of these changes are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these changes in breast cancer population of Kuwait. Changes in the biological features between primary and recurrent disease in 70 patients who presented between 2009 and 2012 was studied. Statistical comparisons between groups was done using chi square test while Kaplan Meier method was used to perform analysis of survival after relapse. All analysis was carried out using the IBM-SPSS statistical software. There was a decrease in ER and PR positivity from 61.4% to 58.6% and 61.4% to 44.3% respectively. The overall change in ER and PR status was 28.5% and 25.7% respectively. There was an increase in the Her2 positivity as the tumor relapsed and overall changes were seen in 5.7% of cases. Patients with breast cancer experience change in biological marker...

Research paper thumbnail of MALT lymphomas -Treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy: Clinical Features, Prognostic factors and Survival

The Gulf journal of oncology, 2013

MALT lymphomas are a group of extranodal indolent lymphomas that usually present as stage IE. To ... more MALT lymphomas are a group of extranodal indolent lymphomas that usually present as stage IE. To clarify clinical features, treatment alternatives and outcomes, we evaluated 38 patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011. MALT lymphoma patients identified according to WHO classification and treated at KCCC between 2000 and 2011 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data are presented as means or medians. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. The median age of the patients was 49 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Gastric MALT accounted for 63% of all patients and the most common presenting symptom was abdomen pain and dyspepsia. The common extra gastric sites were salivary glands, lung and orbit. 90% of the patients presented with early stage disease. Two patients had history of pre-existing autoimmune dis...

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Annals of Saudi medicine

The attainment of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been ta... more The attainment of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been taken as a surrogate marker for disease-free survival and overall survival. This is however dependent on various other parameters such as stage, grade, and biologic markers. This is a retrospective study of 365 patients with histologically confirmed non-met.astatic breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre between 1998 and 2009. A total of 365 breast cancer patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1998-2009 were analyzed for the relationship of pCR with hormone status, Her2 status, histopathological subtype. Survival analysis was also conducted. Hormone receptor (HR) negative tumors had a higher pCR as against HR positive tumors, and the highest pCR in our analysis of pathological subtypes were seen in the HR+, Her2neu + and HR-, Her2neu + group. In our study, we could make out the paradoxes that well differentiated, and...

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Mimicked in Childhood Hypophosphatasia

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2009

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism characterized by low serum alkaline phos... more Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity caused by inactivating mutations within TNSALP, the gene that encodes the “tissue‐nonspecific” isoenzyme of ALP (TNSALP). In HPP, extracellular accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate, a TNSALP substrate, inhibits hydroxyapatite crystal growth leading to rickets or osteomalacia. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is the pediatric syndrome of periarticular pain and radiographic changes resembling infectious osteomyelitis but without lesional pathogens. Some consider CRMO to be an autoinflammatory disease. An unrelated boy and girl with the childhood form of HPP suffered chronic, multifocal, periarticular pain, and soft tissue swelling. To investigate this unusual complication, we evaluated their cumulative clinical, biochemical, radiological, and histopathological findings and performed mutation analysis of their TNSALP alleles. The earliest radiograp...

Research paper thumbnail of Consumption Coagulopathy in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of Literature

PubMed, Sep 1, 2019

Introduction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recogn... more Introduction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recognized entity both in various malignant and non-malignant conditions. Most data in paediatric solid tumours are isolated case reports, while there is sparse data in paediatric acute leukaemia. Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the incidence of DIC in our population of paediatric solid tumours. Design: All records of children <15 years of age registered in the Paediatric Oncology department of our institute with a diagnosis of solid tumour malignancy were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of DIC. Results: Out of the 73 children, 4 have developed DIC, an incidence of 5.5%. The mean age of children who developed DIC was 4.6 years (Range- 2months -15 years) and the majority (2/4- 50%) children were less than 1 year of age. Children with DIC had a male predominance (75%) and the majority (75%) presented in advanced stages of the disease. Of the 10 children with neuroblastoma, 2 (20%) had evidence of DIC. Statistical analysis was done to determine whether any patient characteristic had the propensity to develop DIC. The only factor that attained statistical significance was younger age. Conclusion: Disseminated intravascular coagulation though uncommon in children should always be thought of in a child with advanced disease presenting with thrombocytopenia or clinical manifestations of bleeding tendency. An index of suspicion is important for early diagnosis and emergent treatment which eventually improves survival.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Sep 1, 2013

N eoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced carcinoma breast and has b... more N eoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced carcinoma breast and has been increasingly used in resectable breast cancer. 1 Responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been taken as a surrogate marker for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). With a better understanding of chemotherapeutic regimens and integration of targeted therapies into neoadjuvant regimens, there have been better responses in the recent years. The responses to chemotherapy are, however, dependent on various other parameters such as stage, grade, and biologic markers. The effectiveness of the achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) in various breast cancer subtypes with respect to survival has not been consistent in most studies. 2 Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Research paper thumbnail of X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome harboring a novel CD40-ligand gene mutation: a case report

Immunogenetics, Dec 7, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Brachytherapy in paediatric oncology-a retrospective analysis from a single centre

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Transitioning of ifosfamide based chemotherapy from the inpatient to an outpatient setting - A cost effective and safe option

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Glucocorticosteroid Induced Bradycardia in Children Receiving Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia-an Unrecognised Phenomenon

Asian Oncology Research Journal, Mar 15, 2021

Introduction: Glucocorticoids are an integral part of the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblas... more Introduction: Glucocorticoids are an integral part of the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Bradycardia is an under recognised cardiovascular side effect of steroids in children. Though there is published data from the west on this phenomenon, there is very little data on the same in Indian children. We did an analysis to determine the characteristics of bradycardia in our children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving induction chemotherapy with steroids. The results were compared with the available published western data.

Research paper thumbnail of Factors predicting resilience in parents of pediatric cancer patients in Kerala

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia : A Case Report and Review of Literature

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2004

We report a case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder. The... more We report a case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of COVID-19 in children with cancer – Report from the Indian Pediatric Oncology Group (InPOG) COVID-19 registry in India

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Colo-Colic Intussusception as the Presenting Feature of Neutropenic Typhlitis during Induction Phase of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in an 8-Year-Old Child

Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of children. Gastrointestinal co... more Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of children. Gastrointestinal complications can occur during treatment of these children due to disease infiltration in gut or treatment-related toxicity. Intestinal obstruction is one of these complications and this occurs mostly due to constipation and impacted stool. Intussusception is a very rare entity in children with ALL. Left sided colo-colic intussusception is even rarer. Most of the intussusceptions are ileo-colic and are associated with a lead point. We present a case of left sided colo-colic intussusception in an 8-year-old child with ALL. There was no lead point or leukemic infiltrate in the resected part of the intussusception. Our child had typhlitis leading to intussusception which is a very rare occurrence. Awareness regarding this complication with ALL is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Parent's perception about childhood cancers in the Malabar region schools of Kerala: A mixed method study

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of What was happening to the parent while diagnosing cancer for their child?: A common man perspective – a qualitative study

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Multiple Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia - A Fatal Complication in a Highly Curable Disease

Research paper thumbnail of Consumption Coagulopathy in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recogni... more INTRODUCTION Disseminated intravascular coagulation or consumption coagulopathy is a well-recognized entity both in various malignant and non-malignant conditions. Most data in paediatric solid tumours are isolated case reports, while there is sparse data in paediatric acute leukaemia. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to analyze the incidence of DIC in our population of paediatric solid tumours. DESIGN All records of children <15 years of age registered in the Paediatric Oncology department of our institute with a diagnosis of solid tumour malignancy were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of DIC. RESULTS Out of the 73 children, 4 have developed DIC, an incidence of 5.5%. The mean age of children who developed DIC was 4.6 years (Range- 2months -15 years) and the majority (2/4- 50%) children were less than 1 year of age. Children with DIC had a male predominance (75%) and the majority (75%) presented in advanced stages of the disease. Of the 10 children with neuroblastoma, 2 (...

Research paper thumbnail of Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity – An under-recognized entity in pediatric brain tumors: Case report and review of literature

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is not a well-recognized syndrome in pediatric brain t... more Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is not a well-recognized syndrome in pediatric brain tumors, but has been described in adults with traumatic brain injury. We describe the case of a child with medulloblastoma presenting with PSH. An index of suspicion is important in early diagnosis of PSH and this ultimately has an impact on the long-term outcome of patients with the syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical audit of a Paediatric Emergency Warning Score (PEWS) in the paediatric oncology unit of a newly established tertiary cancer institute

Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in biologic features between primary and recurrent or relapsed breast cancers

The Gulf journal of oncology, 2014

Changes in ER, PR and Her2 receptor status between primary and metastatic cancer tissue have been... more Changes in ER, PR and Her2 receptor status between primary and metastatic cancer tissue have been suggested in breast cancer. The frequencies of these changes are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these changes in breast cancer population of Kuwait. Changes in the biological features between primary and recurrent disease in 70 patients who presented between 2009 and 2012 was studied. Statistical comparisons between groups was done using chi square test while Kaplan Meier method was used to perform analysis of survival after relapse. All analysis was carried out using the IBM-SPSS statistical software. There was a decrease in ER and PR positivity from 61.4% to 58.6% and 61.4% to 44.3% respectively. The overall change in ER and PR status was 28.5% and 25.7% respectively. There was an increase in the Her2 positivity as the tumor relapsed and overall changes were seen in 5.7% of cases. Patients with breast cancer experience change in biological marker...

Research paper thumbnail of MALT lymphomas -Treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy: Clinical Features, Prognostic factors and Survival

The Gulf journal of oncology, 2013

MALT lymphomas are a group of extranodal indolent lymphomas that usually present as stage IE. To ... more MALT lymphomas are a group of extranodal indolent lymphomas that usually present as stage IE. To clarify clinical features, treatment alternatives and outcomes, we evaluated 38 patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011. MALT lymphoma patients identified according to WHO classification and treated at KCCC between 2000 and 2011 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data are presented as means or medians. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. The median age of the patients was 49 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. Gastric MALT accounted for 63% of all patients and the most common presenting symptom was abdomen pain and dyspepsia. The common extra gastric sites were salivary glands, lung and orbit. 90% of the patients presented with early stage disease. Two patients had history of pre-existing autoimmune dis...

Research paper thumbnail of Pathological responses and long-term outcome analysis after neoadjuvant chemotheraphy in breast cancer patients from Kuwait over a period of 15 years

Annals of Saudi medicine

The attainment of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been ta... more The attainment of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been taken as a surrogate marker for disease-free survival and overall survival. This is however dependent on various other parameters such as stage, grade, and biologic markers. This is a retrospective study of 365 patients with histologically confirmed non-met.astatic breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre between 1998 and 2009. A total of 365 breast cancer patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1998-2009 were analyzed for the relationship of pCR with hormone status, Her2 status, histopathological subtype. Survival analysis was also conducted. Hormone receptor (HR) negative tumors had a higher pCR as against HR positive tumors, and the highest pCR in our analysis of pathological subtypes were seen in the HR+, Her2neu + and HR-, Her2neu + group. In our study, we could make out the paradoxes that well differentiated, and...