Tzu-Sen Yang - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tzu-Sen Yang

Cancers

The objective of this study is to use imaging and histopathological analysis to characterize and ... more The objective of this study is to use imaging and histopathological analysis to characterize and monitor microvascular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) and a stimulated malignant oral lesions animal model were used to determine the blood flow and the biological activities of Photofrin® (2.5 mg/kg) exposed to different laser power densities at 630 nm. The vascular changes, the velocity of the blood flow, the speckle flow index (SFI) of fluorescence changes, and ultrastructure damage in the microvasculature before and after PDT were recorded. The subcellular localization of Photofrin® revealed satisfactory uptake throughout the cytoplasm of human red blood cells at 10 s and 20 s before PDT. The mean blood-flow velocities of the veins and arteries were 500 ± 40 and 1500 ± 100 μm/s, respectively. A significant decrease in the velocities of the blood flow in the veins and arteries was detected in the CAM model after PDT. The veins ...

Applied Sciences

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for en... more Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the present study, we tried to modify the Bi2O3 radiopacifier by doping hafnium ions via the sol-gel process and investigated the effects of different doping ratios (Bi2-xHfxO3+x/2, x = 0–0.3) and calcination temperatures (400–800 °C). We mixed various precursor mixtures of bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and hafnium sulfate (Hf(SO4)2) and controlled the calcination temperatures. The as-prepared Hf-doped Bi2O3 radiopacifier powders were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Portland cement/radiopacifier/calcium sulfate (75/20/5) were mixed and set by deionized water (powder to water ratio = 3:1). Changes in ...

Photonics

Our objective was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered using a dio... more Our objective was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered using a diode laser on the growth processes of human fibroblast cells involved in wound healing. Initially, studies were conducted using a diode laser at wavelengths of 633, 520, and 450 nm with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm2. The distance between the light source and culture plate was 3 cm. The mechanism(s) of action of the diode laser illumination on human fibroblast cells were studied by examining different wavelengths to determine the relevant light parameters for optimal treatment. In addition, the percentages of fibroblast-mediated procollagen and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-1, -2, and -9 production were compared. In the clinical study, the changes in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast collagen production were assessed in 60 patients with complicated wounds who received LLLT (633 nm). No statistically significant difference was observ...

Applied Sciences

The present study established a maximum standard for printing quality and developed a preliminary... more The present study established a maximum standard for printing quality and developed a preliminary ideal index to print three-dimensional (3D) construct using the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) peptide modified Pluronic-F127 hydrogel (hereafter defined as 3DG bioformer (3BE)) as bioink. In addition, the biocompatibility of 3BE for 3D printing applications was carefully investigated. For biocompatibility study and ideal printing parameter, we used the formulation of 3BE in three different concentrations (3BE-1: 25%, 3BE-2: 30%, and 3BE-3: 35%). The 3BE hydrogels were printed layer by layer as a cube-like construct with all diameters of the needle head under the same feed (100 mm/s). The printing parameters were determined using combinations of 3BE-1, 3BE-2, and 3BE-3 with three different standard needle sizes (Φ 0.13 mm, Φ 0.33 mm, and Φ 0.9 mm). The printed constructs were photographed and observed using optical microscopy. The cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using Live/Dead ...

Cells, 2022

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in prom... more Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation during tissue regeneration. Herein, a single-cell near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation system (830 nm) and the image-based approaches were proposed for the investigation of the modulatory effects in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vesicle transport in single living human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). The irradiated-hADSCs were then stained with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to represent the ΔΨm and ROS production, respectively, with irradiation in the range of 2.5–10 (J/cm2), where time series of bright-field images were obtained to determine the vesicle transport phenomena. Present results showed that a fluence of 5 J/cm2 of PBM significantly enhanced the ΔΨm, ROS, and vesicle transport phenomena compared to the control group (0...

Applied Sciences, 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the local effect and micro-computed tomographic (μ-CT) assessment f... more This study aimed to elucidate the local effect and micro-computed tomographic (μ-CT) assessment following bone implantation of an innovative bioceramic (α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate; α-CSH) on femur lateral condyle cortical bone of rabbit models. The innovative α-CSH bioceramic was synthesized through a green processing technology (microwave irradiation treatment). The bilateral implantation model was performed among 24 New Zealand White rabbits which were divided into three groups based on the type of filling materials: α-CSH, control, and blank. Treatments were performed in defects with 6 mm diameter and 7 mm depth and observed after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Material reaction and bone formation after implantation were evaluated radiographically and histopathologically. The μ-CT analysis results showed that the degradation of α-CSH and control material was similar at 4 and 8 weeks. The bone volume in the defects indicated the α-CSH increased most in 8 weeks. In histopathological eva...

Polymers, 2021

This study aims to fabricate silk fibroin/calcium sulfate (SF/CS) composites by one-pot synthesis... more This study aims to fabricate silk fibroin/calcium sulfate (SF/CS) composites by one-pot synthesis for bone regeneration applications. The SF was harvested from degummed silkworm cocoons, dissolved in a solvent system comprising of calcium chloride:ethanol:water (1:2:8), and then mixed with a stoichiometric amount of sodium sulfate to prepare various SF/CS composites. The crystal pattern, glass transition temperature, and chemical composition of SF/CS samples were analyzed by XRD, DSC, and FTIR, respectively. These characterizations revealed the successful synthesis of pure calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) when it was combined with SF. The thermal analysis through DSC indicated molecular-level interaction between the SF and CS. The FTIR deconvolution spectra demonstrated an increment in the β-sheet content by increasing CS content in the composites. The investigation into the morphology of the composites using SEM revealed the formation of plate-l...

Applied Sciences, 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining an innovative bioceramic α-calcium sulfat... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining an innovative bioceramic α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH, CaSO4⋅0.5H2O) bone graft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to accelerate bone healing and regeneration in a rabbit model. The bone graft material was implanted bilaterally on rabbit’s artificially maxillary sinus defects: the right maxillary sinus received α-CSH, while α-CSH combine with PRP (α-CSH/PRP) was grafted in left site. The quantity and quality of bone formation after implantation were analyzed radiographically and histologically at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The micro-computed tomographic results indicated that the bone density of sinus implanted with α-CSH increased and defect volume decreased most after 2 weeks. In histological analysis, both hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining of α-CSH/PRP displays better bone healing and regeneration progress than α-CSH after 2 weeks implantation. Therefore, the innovative α-CSH combined with PRP was revealed to b...

Polymers, 2021

Many revolutionary approaches are on the way pertaining to the high occurrence of tooth decay, wh... more Many revolutionary approaches are on the way pertaining to the high occurrence of tooth decay, which is an enduring challenge in the field of preventive dentistry. However, an ideal dental care material has yet to be fully developed. With this aim, this research reports a dramatic enhancement in the rehardening potential of surface-etched enamels through a plausible synergistic effect of the novel combination of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) paste, within the limitations of the study. The percentage of recovery of the surface microhardness (SMHR%) and the surface parameters for 9 wt% γ-PGA/nano-HAp paste on acid-etched enamel were investigated with a Vickers microhardness tester and an atomic force microscope, respectively. This in vitro study demonstrates that γ-PGA/nano-HAp treatment could increase the SMHR% of etched enamel to 39.59 ± 6.69% in 30 min. To test the hypothesis of the rehardening mechanism and the preventive effect of the γ-PGA/nano-H...

Materials, 2021

The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tr... more The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the propagated Scleractinian coral and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous using a solid-state reaction followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 °C for 1 h to 7 days. The as-prepared coral and coral-derived biphasic CaPs samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The cell response of the biphasic CaPs was evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assessment using mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The bilateral femoral defect rabbit model was used to assess the early local reaction of the coral-derived biphasic CaPs bone graft on tissue. The results confirmed that the co-existence of β-TCP and HAp was formed at 1100 °C for 1 h. The ratio of HA/β-TCP increased as the heat-treatment time increased. The coral-derived biphasic CaPs co...

Polymers, 2021

The current work focuses on the development of a novel electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven mat... more The current work focuses on the development of a novel electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven mat as a GTR membrane with antibacterial, biomineralization and biocompatible properties. The γ-poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-capped nano silver fluoride (NSF) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) were first synthesized, which were dip-coated onto electrospun silk fibroin mats (NSF-SF and SDF-SF). UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM depicted the formation of silver nanoparticles. NSF-SF and SDF-SF demonstrated antibacterial properties (against Porphyromonas gingivalis) with 3.1 and 6.7 folds higher relative to SF, respectively. Post-mineralization in simulated body fluid, the NSF-SF effectively promoted apatite precipitation (Ca/P ~1.67), while the SDF-SF depicted deposition of silver nanoparticles, assessed by SEM-EDS. According to the FTIR-ATR deconvolution analysis, NSF-SF portrayed ~75% estimated hydroxyapatite crystallinity index (CI), whereas pure SF and SDF-SF demonstrated ~60%. The biocompatibili...

Applied Sciences, 2021

This study aimed to investigate the free calcium released from different brands of toothpaste aft... more This study aimed to investigate the free calcium released from different brands of toothpaste after incorporation with a beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mixed powder and with β-TCP powder alone. Four brands of toothpaste were used for the experiment: Nano-Bio Activation Toothpaste, Colgate Total Advanced Whitening Toothpaste, BORONIA Herbal Whitening, and BioMin F. The investigated β-TCP and ACP powders were prepared by a two-step sintering method using raw coral material. Analytical results found that the mean calcium concentration of the β-TCP/ACP (2:1) powder in deionized water was 3.4% when the pH was between 5 and 9. Moreover, statistical results revealed that the toothpaste containing β-TCP powder had significantly higher calcium concentrations than the normal toothpaste. The toothpaste containing mixed β-TCP/ACP powder had a higher calcium concentration than the toothpaste containing only β-TCP powder. Twice as much free calcium could be re...

Metals, 2021

The effects of anodized titanium (Ti) with a potential hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid pretreatment t... more The effects of anodized titanium (Ti) with a potential hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid pretreatment through cathodization on the formation of nano-porous Ti dioxide (TiO2) layer were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer, and contact angle goniometer. The biocompatibility was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Analytical results found that a well-aligned nano-porous structure was formed on the anodized Ti surface with HF pretreatment concentration above 0.5%. Microstructure of the nano-porous Ti dioxide surface generated by anodization with HF pretreatment was composed of anatase and rutile phases, while the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment concentration of 0.5% presented excellent hydrophilicity surface. An in-vitro biocompatibility also indicated that osteoblast cells grown on the surface of the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment increased with the increase...

Polymers, 2021

This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based compo... more This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based composites (RBCs) subjected to light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The test materials included 5 RBCs, which consisted of one nano-filled, one sub-micron, one bulk-filled, and two nano-hybrid RBC types. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each RBC were fabricated and divided into bleaching (BLE) and non-bleaching (CON) groups (n = 5 for each group). Specimens were then immersed in red wine solution over 4 h. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters for each of the following periods tested: before bleaching (TBA), after bleaching (TBL), and after staining (TST). Color stability and staining susceptibility were evaluated using two metrics, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and whiteness variations using the whiteness index (ΔWID). Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANO...

Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, 2020

Objective: Spasmodic torticollis is a debilitating neurological movement disorder associated with... more Objective: Spasmodic torticollis is a debilitating neurological movement disorder associated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. Usually, clinician had difficulty to precisely and quantitatively describe clinical outcomes using measurements of patients’ facial and neck movements. Methods: Motion speed changes and direction complexity, computerized facial emotion and assessment, measurement of speech signal features are the quantitative measurements of patients’ head motions, facial expressions, and speech signal features analysis were used to assess clinical effects of bioceramic resonance and photoluminescence of bioceramics (BR&PLB) treatment of psychopathically related spasmodic torticollis. Results: After BR&PLB treatment, there were significant improvements in involuntary movements of patients with spasmodic torticollis measured by motion speed changes and direction complexity (MSCDC). Furthermore, a computerized facial e...

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2020

Sepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gramnegative bacter... more Sepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gramnegative bacterial infections often plague emergency care facilities. Conventionally antibiotics and vasopressors are used to treat this disease. Recent treatment protocol shifted to a membrane to remove the offending endotoxin monomer. Despite this shift, membrane-based devices are often extremely costly, hindering accessibility to this life saving medical device. In view of this challenges, we adopted the internally developed polysulfone (PSF) microtube array membrane alternating (MTAM-A) for use in blood sepsis treatment. PSF MTAM-A were with polymyxin B (PMB) molecules immobilized were assembled into an internally developed cartridge housing and subjected to endotoxin removal models with water and blood spiked with 100 EU/ml of endotoxin as the feed solution. Samples were derived at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte lysate assay and benchmarked against the commercially available Toraymyxin device. The PSF MTAM-A with 2.3 times the surface area was successfully fabricated and with PMB molecules immobilized, and assembled into a hemoperfusion device. Dynamic endotoxin removal test revealed and overall endotoxin removal capacity of 90% and a superior endotoxin removal efficiency that was significantly higher than that of Toraymyxin (internally conducted and reported). The data suggested that PSF MTAM-A PMB membranes could potentially be applied in future hemoperfusion devices which would be significantly more efficient, compact, and affordable; potentially making such a life-saving medical device widely available to the general public.

International journal of nanomedicine, 2016

Being endowed with an ability of capturing and releasing oxygen, the ceria surface conventionally... more Being endowed with an ability of capturing and releasing oxygen, the ceria surface conventionally assumes the role of catalyzing redox reactions in chemistry. This catalytic effect also makes possible its cytotoxicity toward microorganisms at room temperature. To study this cytotoxicity, we synthesized the doped and undoped ceria particles of 8-9 nm in size using an inexpensive precipitation method and evaluated their disinfecting aptitudes with the turbidimetric and plate count methods. Among the samples being analyzed, the silver-doped ceria exhibits the highest sterilization ability, yet the undoped ceria is the most intriguing. The disinfection effect of undoped ceria is moderate in magnitude, demanding a physical contact between the ceria surface and bacteria cell wall, or the redox catalysis that can damage the cell wall and result in the cell killing. Evidently, this effect is short-range and depends strongly on dispersion of the nanoparticles. In contrast, the disinfection e...

Clinical oral investigations, Jan 28, 2015

Electrochemical oxidation following sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) treatment has received in... more Electrochemical oxidation following sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) treatment has received interest as a surface modification procedure for titanium (Ti) implants (denoted as an SLAffinity surface); however, little information is available on its impacts on the in vivo performance of SLAffinity-Ti implants. The present study evaluated the osseointegration and biomechanical bone-tissue response to SLAffinity-Ti implants with micro- and nanoporous oxide layers. The interaction between blood and the tested implants was examined. In total, 144 implants with the following surfaces were used: a standard machined (M-Ti), an SLA-Ti, and an SLAffinity-Ti surface. For each animal, four implants (one M-Ti, one SLA-Ti, and two SLAffinity-Ti) were inserted into the mandibular canine-premolar area for histomorphometric observations and another four implants were inserted into the flat surface on the anteromedial aspect of the rear tibia for removal torque (RT) tests. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks o...

Implant dentistry, Jan 15, 2015

The aim of the present study was to examine the osseointegration in low-density bone tissue for S... more The aim of the present study was to examine the osseointegration in low-density bone tissue for SLAffinity-treated implants with StemBios (SB) cell therapy. The morphologies of SLAffinity-treated surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. In the animal model, implants were installed in the mandibular canine-premolar area of 12 miniature pigs. Each pig received 3 implants of machine, sand blasted, large grit, and acid etched, and SLAffinity-treated implants. In the clinical trial, 10 patients received 1 SLAffinity-treated implant in the maxilla in the posterior area and 1 patient with low bone tissue density received 2 SLAffinity-treated implants with SB cell therapy. Resonance frequency analysis and computed tomography were assessed monthly over the first 3 months after implant placement. The results demonstrated that surface treatment significantly affected early osseointegration in patients who received SB cell therapy. SB cell therapy transferred the stress c...

PloS one, 2014

Radiation therapy for cancer patients works by ionizing damage to nuclear DNA, primarily by creat... more Radiation therapy for cancer patients works by ionizing damage to nuclear DNA, primarily by creating double-strand breaks (DSB). A major shortcoming of traditional radiation therapy is the set of side effect associated with its long-range interaction with nearby tissues. Low-energy Auger electrons have the advantage of an extremely short effective range, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Consequently, the isotope ⁹⁹mTc, an Auger electron source, is currently being studied for its beneficial potential in cancer treatment. We examined the dose effect of a pyrene derivative ⁹⁹mTc complex on plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis in both aqueous and methanol solutions. In aqueous solutions, the average yield per decay for double-strand breaks is 0.011±0.005 at low dose range, decreasing to 0.0005±0.0003 in the presence of 1 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The apparent yield per decay for single-strand breaks (SSB) is 0.04±0.02, decreasing to approximately a fifth with 1 M DMSO. In met...

Cancers

The objective of this study is to use imaging and histopathological analysis to characterize and ... more The objective of this study is to use imaging and histopathological analysis to characterize and monitor microvascular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) and a stimulated malignant oral lesions animal model were used to determine the blood flow and the biological activities of Photofrin® (2.5 mg/kg) exposed to different laser power densities at 630 nm. The vascular changes, the velocity of the blood flow, the speckle flow index (SFI) of fluorescence changes, and ultrastructure damage in the microvasculature before and after PDT were recorded. The subcellular localization of Photofrin® revealed satisfactory uptake throughout the cytoplasm of human red blood cells at 10 s and 20 s before PDT. The mean blood-flow velocities of the veins and arteries were 500 ± 40 and 1500 ± 100 μm/s, respectively. A significant decrease in the velocities of the blood flow in the veins and arteries was detected in the CAM model after PDT. The veins ...

Applied Sciences

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for en... more Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is well known as an effective root canal filling material for endodontics therapy. Within MTA, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) serving as the radiopacifier still has biocompatibility concerns due to its mild cytotoxicity. In the present study, we tried to modify the Bi2O3 radiopacifier by doping hafnium ions via the sol-gel process and investigated the effects of different doping ratios (Bi2-xHfxO3+x/2, x = 0–0.3) and calcination temperatures (400–800 °C). We mixed various precursor mixtures of bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and hafnium sulfate (Hf(SO4)2) and controlled the calcination temperatures. The as-prepared Hf-doped Bi2O3 radiopacifier powders were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Portland cement/radiopacifier/calcium sulfate (75/20/5) were mixed and set by deionized water (powder to water ratio = 3:1). Changes in ...

Photonics

Our objective was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered using a dio... more Our objective was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) administered using a diode laser on the growth processes of human fibroblast cells involved in wound healing. Initially, studies were conducted using a diode laser at wavelengths of 633, 520, and 450 nm with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm2. The distance between the light source and culture plate was 3 cm. The mechanism(s) of action of the diode laser illumination on human fibroblast cells were studied by examining different wavelengths to determine the relevant light parameters for optimal treatment. In addition, the percentages of fibroblast-mediated procollagen and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-1, -2, and -9 production were compared. In the clinical study, the changes in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast collagen production were assessed in 60 patients with complicated wounds who received LLLT (633 nm). No statistically significant difference was observ...

Applied Sciences

The present study established a maximum standard for printing quality and developed a preliminary... more The present study established a maximum standard for printing quality and developed a preliminary ideal index to print three-dimensional (3D) construct using the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) peptide modified Pluronic-F127 hydrogel (hereafter defined as 3DG bioformer (3BE)) as bioink. In addition, the biocompatibility of 3BE for 3D printing applications was carefully investigated. For biocompatibility study and ideal printing parameter, we used the formulation of 3BE in three different concentrations (3BE-1: 25%, 3BE-2: 30%, and 3BE-3: 35%). The 3BE hydrogels were printed layer by layer as a cube-like construct with all diameters of the needle head under the same feed (100 mm/s). The printing parameters were determined using combinations of 3BE-1, 3BE-2, and 3BE-3 with three different standard needle sizes (Φ 0.13 mm, Φ 0.33 mm, and Φ 0.9 mm). The printed constructs were photographed and observed using optical microscopy. The cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using Live/Dead ...

Cells, 2022

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in prom... more Photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently emerged in cellular therapy as a potent alternative in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation during tissue regeneration. Herein, a single-cell near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation system (830 nm) and the image-based approaches were proposed for the investigation of the modulatory effects in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vesicle transport in single living human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). The irradiated-hADSCs were then stained with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) to represent the ΔΨm and ROS production, respectively, with irradiation in the range of 2.5–10 (J/cm2), where time series of bright-field images were obtained to determine the vesicle transport phenomena. Present results showed that a fluence of 5 J/cm2 of PBM significantly enhanced the ΔΨm, ROS, and vesicle transport phenomena compared to the control group (0...

Applied Sciences, 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the local effect and micro-computed tomographic (μ-CT) assessment f... more This study aimed to elucidate the local effect and micro-computed tomographic (μ-CT) assessment following bone implantation of an innovative bioceramic (α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate; α-CSH) on femur lateral condyle cortical bone of rabbit models. The innovative α-CSH bioceramic was synthesized through a green processing technology (microwave irradiation treatment). The bilateral implantation model was performed among 24 New Zealand White rabbits which were divided into three groups based on the type of filling materials: α-CSH, control, and blank. Treatments were performed in defects with 6 mm diameter and 7 mm depth and observed after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Material reaction and bone formation after implantation were evaluated radiographically and histopathologically. The μ-CT analysis results showed that the degradation of α-CSH and control material was similar at 4 and 8 weeks. The bone volume in the defects indicated the α-CSH increased most in 8 weeks. In histopathological eva...

Polymers, 2021

This study aims to fabricate silk fibroin/calcium sulfate (SF/CS) composites by one-pot synthesis... more This study aims to fabricate silk fibroin/calcium sulfate (SF/CS) composites by one-pot synthesis for bone regeneration applications. The SF was harvested from degummed silkworm cocoons, dissolved in a solvent system comprising of calcium chloride:ethanol:water (1:2:8), and then mixed with a stoichiometric amount of sodium sulfate to prepare various SF/CS composites. The crystal pattern, glass transition temperature, and chemical composition of SF/CS samples were analyzed by XRD, DSC, and FTIR, respectively. These characterizations revealed the successful synthesis of pure calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) when it was combined with SF. The thermal analysis through DSC indicated molecular-level interaction between the SF and CS. The FTIR deconvolution spectra demonstrated an increment in the β-sheet content by increasing CS content in the composites. The investigation into the morphology of the composites using SEM revealed the formation of plate-l...

Applied Sciences, 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining an innovative bioceramic α-calcium sulfat... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining an innovative bioceramic α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH, CaSO4⋅0.5H2O) bone graft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to accelerate bone healing and regeneration in a rabbit model. The bone graft material was implanted bilaterally on rabbit’s artificially maxillary sinus defects: the right maxillary sinus received α-CSH, while α-CSH combine with PRP (α-CSH/PRP) was grafted in left site. The quantity and quality of bone formation after implantation were analyzed radiographically and histologically at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The micro-computed tomographic results indicated that the bone density of sinus implanted with α-CSH increased and defect volume decreased most after 2 weeks. In histological analysis, both hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining of α-CSH/PRP displays better bone healing and regeneration progress than α-CSH after 2 weeks implantation. Therefore, the innovative α-CSH combined with PRP was revealed to b...

Polymers, 2021

Many revolutionary approaches are on the way pertaining to the high occurrence of tooth decay, wh... more Many revolutionary approaches are on the way pertaining to the high occurrence of tooth decay, which is an enduring challenge in the field of preventive dentistry. However, an ideal dental care material has yet to be fully developed. With this aim, this research reports a dramatic enhancement in the rehardening potential of surface-etched enamels through a plausible synergistic effect of the novel combination of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) paste, within the limitations of the study. The percentage of recovery of the surface microhardness (SMHR%) and the surface parameters for 9 wt% γ-PGA/nano-HAp paste on acid-etched enamel were investigated with a Vickers microhardness tester and an atomic force microscope, respectively. This in vitro study demonstrates that γ-PGA/nano-HAp treatment could increase the SMHR% of etched enamel to 39.59 ± 6.69% in 30 min. To test the hypothesis of the rehardening mechanism and the preventive effect of the γ-PGA/nano-H...

Materials, 2021

The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tr... more The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the propagated Scleractinian coral and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous using a solid-state reaction followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 °C for 1 h to 7 days. The as-prepared coral and coral-derived biphasic CaPs samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The cell response of the biphasic CaPs was evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assessment using mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The bilateral femoral defect rabbit model was used to assess the early local reaction of the coral-derived biphasic CaPs bone graft on tissue. The results confirmed that the co-existence of β-TCP and HAp was formed at 1100 °C for 1 h. The ratio of HA/β-TCP increased as the heat-treatment time increased. The coral-derived biphasic CaPs co...

Polymers, 2021

The current work focuses on the development of a novel electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven mat... more The current work focuses on the development of a novel electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven mat as a GTR membrane with antibacterial, biomineralization and biocompatible properties. The γ-poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-capped nano silver fluoride (NSF) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) were first synthesized, which were dip-coated onto electrospun silk fibroin mats (NSF-SF and SDF-SF). UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM depicted the formation of silver nanoparticles. NSF-SF and SDF-SF demonstrated antibacterial properties (against Porphyromonas gingivalis) with 3.1 and 6.7 folds higher relative to SF, respectively. Post-mineralization in simulated body fluid, the NSF-SF effectively promoted apatite precipitation (Ca/P ~1.67), while the SDF-SF depicted deposition of silver nanoparticles, assessed by SEM-EDS. According to the FTIR-ATR deconvolution analysis, NSF-SF portrayed ~75% estimated hydroxyapatite crystallinity index (CI), whereas pure SF and SDF-SF demonstrated ~60%. The biocompatibili...

Applied Sciences, 2021

This study aimed to investigate the free calcium released from different brands of toothpaste aft... more This study aimed to investigate the free calcium released from different brands of toothpaste after incorporation with a beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mixed powder and with β-TCP powder alone. Four brands of toothpaste were used for the experiment: Nano-Bio Activation Toothpaste, Colgate Total Advanced Whitening Toothpaste, BORONIA Herbal Whitening, and BioMin F. The investigated β-TCP and ACP powders were prepared by a two-step sintering method using raw coral material. Analytical results found that the mean calcium concentration of the β-TCP/ACP (2:1) powder in deionized water was 3.4% when the pH was between 5 and 9. Moreover, statistical results revealed that the toothpaste containing β-TCP powder had significantly higher calcium concentrations than the normal toothpaste. The toothpaste containing mixed β-TCP/ACP powder had a higher calcium concentration than the toothpaste containing only β-TCP powder. Twice as much free calcium could be re...

Metals, 2021

The effects of anodized titanium (Ti) with a potential hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid pretreatment t... more The effects of anodized titanium (Ti) with a potential hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid pretreatment through cathodization on the formation of nano-porous Ti dioxide (TiO2) layer were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer, and contact angle goniometer. The biocompatibility was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Analytical results found that a well-aligned nano-porous structure was formed on the anodized Ti surface with HF pretreatment concentration above 0.5%. Microstructure of the nano-porous Ti dioxide surface generated by anodization with HF pretreatment was composed of anatase and rutile phases, while the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment concentration of 0.5% presented excellent hydrophilicity surface. An in-vitro biocompatibility also indicated that osteoblast cells grown on the surface of the anodized Ti sample with HF pretreatment increased with the increase...

Polymers, 2021

This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based compo... more This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based composites (RBCs) subjected to light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The test materials included 5 RBCs, which consisted of one nano-filled, one sub-micron, one bulk-filled, and two nano-hybrid RBC types. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each RBC were fabricated and divided into bleaching (BLE) and non-bleaching (CON) groups (n = 5 for each group). Specimens were then immersed in red wine solution over 4 h. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters for each of the following periods tested: before bleaching (TBA), after bleaching (TBL), and after staining (TST). Color stability and staining susceptibility were evaluated using two metrics, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and whiteness variations using the whiteness index (ΔWID). Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANO...

Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, 2020

Objective: Spasmodic torticollis is a debilitating neurological movement disorder associated with... more Objective: Spasmodic torticollis is a debilitating neurological movement disorder associated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety. Usually, clinician had difficulty to precisely and quantitatively describe clinical outcomes using measurements of patients’ facial and neck movements. Methods: Motion speed changes and direction complexity, computerized facial emotion and assessment, measurement of speech signal features are the quantitative measurements of patients’ head motions, facial expressions, and speech signal features analysis were used to assess clinical effects of bioceramic resonance and photoluminescence of bioceramics (BR&PLB) treatment of psychopathically related spasmodic torticollis. Results: After BR&PLB treatment, there were significant improvements in involuntary movements of patients with spasmodic torticollis measured by motion speed changes and direction complexity (MSCDC). Furthermore, a computerized facial e...

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2020

Sepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gramnegative bacter... more Sepsis is a deadly disease that is widely attributed to endotoxin released by gramnegative bacterial infections often plague emergency care facilities. Conventionally antibiotics and vasopressors are used to treat this disease. Recent treatment protocol shifted to a membrane to remove the offending endotoxin monomer. Despite this shift, membrane-based devices are often extremely costly, hindering accessibility to this life saving medical device. In view of this challenges, we adopted the internally developed polysulfone (PSF) microtube array membrane alternating (MTAM-A) for use in blood sepsis treatment. PSF MTAM-A were with polymyxin B (PMB) molecules immobilized were assembled into an internally developed cartridge housing and subjected to endotoxin removal models with water and blood spiked with 100 EU/ml of endotoxin as the feed solution. Samples were derived at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min and endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte lysate assay and benchmarked against the commercially available Toraymyxin device. The PSF MTAM-A with 2.3 times the surface area was successfully fabricated and with PMB molecules immobilized, and assembled into a hemoperfusion device. Dynamic endotoxin removal test revealed and overall endotoxin removal capacity of 90% and a superior endotoxin removal efficiency that was significantly higher than that of Toraymyxin (internally conducted and reported). The data suggested that PSF MTAM-A PMB membranes could potentially be applied in future hemoperfusion devices which would be significantly more efficient, compact, and affordable; potentially making such a life-saving medical device widely available to the general public.

International journal of nanomedicine, 2016

Being endowed with an ability of capturing and releasing oxygen, the ceria surface conventionally... more Being endowed with an ability of capturing and releasing oxygen, the ceria surface conventionally assumes the role of catalyzing redox reactions in chemistry. This catalytic effect also makes possible its cytotoxicity toward microorganisms at room temperature. To study this cytotoxicity, we synthesized the doped and undoped ceria particles of 8-9 nm in size using an inexpensive precipitation method and evaluated their disinfecting aptitudes with the turbidimetric and plate count methods. Among the samples being analyzed, the silver-doped ceria exhibits the highest sterilization ability, yet the undoped ceria is the most intriguing. The disinfection effect of undoped ceria is moderate in magnitude, demanding a physical contact between the ceria surface and bacteria cell wall, or the redox catalysis that can damage the cell wall and result in the cell killing. Evidently, this effect is short-range and depends strongly on dispersion of the nanoparticles. In contrast, the disinfection e...

Clinical oral investigations, Jan 28, 2015

Electrochemical oxidation following sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) treatment has received in... more Electrochemical oxidation following sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) treatment has received interest as a surface modification procedure for titanium (Ti) implants (denoted as an SLAffinity surface); however, little information is available on its impacts on the in vivo performance of SLAffinity-Ti implants. The present study evaluated the osseointegration and biomechanical bone-tissue response to SLAffinity-Ti implants with micro- and nanoporous oxide layers. The interaction between blood and the tested implants was examined. In total, 144 implants with the following surfaces were used: a standard machined (M-Ti), an SLA-Ti, and an SLAffinity-Ti surface. For each animal, four implants (one M-Ti, one SLA-Ti, and two SLAffinity-Ti) were inserted into the mandibular canine-premolar area for histomorphometric observations and another four implants were inserted into the flat surface on the anteromedial aspect of the rear tibia for removal torque (RT) tests. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks o...

Implant dentistry, Jan 15, 2015

The aim of the present study was to examine the osseointegration in low-density bone tissue for S... more The aim of the present study was to examine the osseointegration in low-density bone tissue for SLAffinity-treated implants with StemBios (SB) cell therapy. The morphologies of SLAffinity-treated surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. In the animal model, implants were installed in the mandibular canine-premolar area of 12 miniature pigs. Each pig received 3 implants of machine, sand blasted, large grit, and acid etched, and SLAffinity-treated implants. In the clinical trial, 10 patients received 1 SLAffinity-treated implant in the maxilla in the posterior area and 1 patient with low bone tissue density received 2 SLAffinity-treated implants with SB cell therapy. Resonance frequency analysis and computed tomography were assessed monthly over the first 3 months after implant placement. The results demonstrated that surface treatment significantly affected early osseointegration in patients who received SB cell therapy. SB cell therapy transferred the stress c...

PloS one, 2014

Radiation therapy for cancer patients works by ionizing damage to nuclear DNA, primarily by creat... more Radiation therapy for cancer patients works by ionizing damage to nuclear DNA, primarily by creating double-strand breaks (DSB). A major shortcoming of traditional radiation therapy is the set of side effect associated with its long-range interaction with nearby tissues. Low-energy Auger electrons have the advantage of an extremely short effective range, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Consequently, the isotope ⁹⁹mTc, an Auger electron source, is currently being studied for its beneficial potential in cancer treatment. We examined the dose effect of a pyrene derivative ⁹⁹mTc complex on plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis in both aqueous and methanol solutions. In aqueous solutions, the average yield per decay for double-strand breaks is 0.011±0.005 at low dose range, decreasing to 0.0005±0.0003 in the presence of 1 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The apparent yield per decay for single-strand breaks (SSB) is 0.04±0.02, decreasing to approximately a fifth with 1 M DMSO. In met...