Yanming Wei - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Yanming Wei
This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacula... more This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacular and subtle in natural evaporation by visualizing tedious thermodynamic data in vivid macroscopic and microscopic scale with different gauges such as kj/kg, eV/molecule, photonic wavelength per single step of water molecular clusterization during condensation for energy density estimation, mm/day, nm/s for evaporation rate average calculation. Condensation is first time described as special invisible infrared combustion, and it is proved that it is theoretically possible to convert its latent heat to high grade thermal energy.
Many country's standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibr... more Many country's standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibrate the halflife of free neutrons with different methods, unfortunately they are all obsessed by the mysterious unexplainable discrepancy: in-beam method longer than bottle method by 1%, so as to question whether there is undiscovered new physics therein. In this paper, I assert that nothing is new and the puzzle can be explained by the so-defined spontaneous Bosonization effect acting on dense colonized neutrons. At last, some inspired researches and possible applications are presented.
This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclus... more This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclusion is based on these factors: iron and nickel are the principle elements of core; isotopes 57Fe, 61Ni can harvest low energy 14keV and 67keV respectively from concentrated neutrinos current, then convert to heat; unlike thermal neutron's optic refractive index n<1 and very close to 1, the low energy (<100keV) neutrino's can be n > 2, so as to form caustic zone inside Earth, confirmed by the fact that night observed value of solar neutrinos is 3.2% more than day. Why the outer core of Earth is liquid? Radius of the Earth is about 6371km, and the outer core of Earth counts from radius 1210km to 3510km, i.e. total thickness = 2300km, and modern seismic measurements have confirmed that the outer core of Earth is in liquid state. Of course, the simplest answer is that: too hot can make anything liquid. But how and where does the heating energy come from? Our textbooks are giving the wrong answer or alternative facts. My new research result shows the answer should have relation with the mystery neutrinos, especially the very low energy neutrinos. Don't forget the Sun is producing tremendous neutrinos after wake of fusion reaction. The great nature sets a mechanism to dissipate about 40% energy from beta decay. Although most
viXra, 2017
The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered experimental research and theor... more The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered experimental research and theory exploration and they named such reactions as transformation, or C-LENR (Collective Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). In this paper, I present some comments for the intrinsic mechanism, and at last, my conjecture is proposed for alternative explanation on the overunity phenomenon in Graneau’s water explosion experiment.
USPTO publication, 2018
A new kind of solid-liquid-solid cyclic phase change heat engine is presented with optional but h... more A new kind of solid-liquid-solid cyclic phase change heat engine is presented with optional but highly recommended multiple cylinders aka multiple stages cascading powertrain. Unlike the traditional Rankine engine or Stirling engine, hereby the gaseous phase is prohibited, and the conventional turbine is abandoned too. Under the drive of heat flux, low expansion volume of the working Phase Change Material (PCM) replaces the high expansion volume of hot gas, and in compensation, high expansion pressure replaces the low expansion pressure of hot gas. Via the isolated transformation from PCM pressure to hydraulic oil pressure, plus fluidic AC-DC rectification, a standard hydraulic motor replaces the gas or steam turbine. Multi-cylinder cascading heat engine can linearly increase up efficiency close to the ideal Carnot efficiency.
USPTO publication, 2019
Subject inventions use a bunch of hydraulic cylinders with cross section area in a series of powe... more Subject inventions use a bunch of hydraulic cylinders with cross section area in a series of powers of 2 multiples of the least common denominator. By selection from N pieces of such cylinders with corresponding digital-controllable valves array, the enumerateable quantity of different areal sums shall read: Nth power of 2. With proper switching on the bunch of cylinders, adjustable fluid power supply can be realized to adapt very wide pressure fluctuation of input. Also a novel system of hydrostatic transmission & powertrain is presented, and it features automatic quasi CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) & regenerative brake with reclaimed energy round trip via same tranny, by virtue of not expensively using planetary gears or variable displacement hydraulic pump/motor. All vehicles, even powered only by fossil fuel, deserve economic regenerative brake, now this invention can make it come true!
Why we have to be addictive to rotary turbine for tide or wind energy harvest? Perhaps we are not... more Why we have to be addictive to rotary turbine for tide or wind energy harvest? Perhaps we are not smart enough to find a new way. Now I propose a rectangular cross section turbine that works in reciprocation mode to harvest energy from any flowing fluid. In a sense, fluid flows in similar way of electric DC (Direct Current), but reciprocal motion of device's ram behaves in similar way of AC (Alternating Current), thus a DC-AC mechanic inverter is needed. Of course, inverse utilization of same mechanism renders an AC-DC mechanic rectifier, i.e. an exotic pump.
The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and ... more The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and asymmetrically favoring at magnetic element as energy caching and buffering bridge, e.g. the electric motors and generators that are also abstracted as electromechanical devices. The theory behind those omnipresent electromechanical devices or equipments is electrodynamics. Based on recent fast development of high energy density dielectric materials, my inventions are to be a game changer: let electrical field alone to take the heavy duty of electromechanical utilities, and let " dielectrodynamics " replace electrodynamics. Of the most importance is the key limitless high voltage generator, which can cover full gamut of voltages from volts to kilovolts (KV), megavolts (MV), even gigavolts (GV), and what we need, is just to provide necessary space occupancy and mechanic work acting on dielectric blade comb-like piston. Either motor or generator can be re-invented with this core dielectrodynamic module.
This paper presents a convenient calculation formula of energy density for nuclear fuel or nuclea... more This paper presents a convenient calculation formula of energy density for nuclear fuel or nuclear battery that outputs energy by whatever decay. Also a relative formula is deduced for easy comparison between different fuels. At last, with the convenient formula, the energy density comparison and possibility of applying different isomer beta fuels are proactively calculated and aggressively discussed.
It is well known that neutrinos come out of nuclear β decay, but radioactive materials do harm to... more It is well known that neutrinos come out of nuclear β decay, but radioactive materials do harm to human beings, and either energy spectrum or dose cannot be flexibly controlled because of the only dependence on selected nuclide and mass. This paper presents a new way to build neutrinos source by only accurately manipulating electrons motion. Because voltage supply can hardly reach MV-level, thus this method is not competent to generate high energy neutrinos, and only good for low energy, especially a convenient means for range 1eV to 100keV. How to artificially produce neutrinos or antineutrinos on demand? Relying on natural radioactive elements to produce neutrinos? Not good idea, it is too low dose, because of the usual super long time half life. Relying on solar neutrinos? Sounds good and almost decent dose, but neutrinos spectrum not adjustable unless human beings could modify or re-engineer the Sun, and also we have to mechanically track the Sun 7x24 full time, by taking advantage of climate zero influence, unlike harvesting solar photovoltaic energy only from sunshine. Modern science never tells us how to get high dose of neutrinos beam in cheap means, except by expensive high energy particles collision via accelerator. My scientific research shows it is possible to get decent dose of low energy neutrinos beam, even as low as a few electron-volt eVs, by sudden decelerating or braking high speed linear flying electrons in electric field.
Superconductor is good for carrying huge current, but extreme low cryogenic temperature is cumber... more Superconductor is good for carrying huge current, but extreme low cryogenic temperature is cumbersome, expensive and high energy consumption for keeping the condition. As alternative, spinning electric charged metal disc(s) can mimic superconductor in normal ambient condition or even high temperature as long as not too hot to deform parts, and such is more convenience and far less energy consumption than cryogenic deep freezer. In fact, velocity of electrons drift in current carrying disc is very slow, e.g. only 23μm/s for 1 ampere in a 2mm diameter wire, in contrast, mechanic motion can easily reach sound speed, hence huge virtual current can exist. How fast do electrons flow when a conductor wire is carrying current? Let me take copper wire as example, and assuming current I = 1A, diameter 2mm. Electricity is most commonly conducted in copper wires. Copper has a density of 8.94g/cm 3 , and an atomic weight of 63.546g/mol, so there is 140685.5mol/m 3. In one mole of any element there are 6.02*10 23 atoms (Avogadro's constant). Therefore in 1 m 3 of copper there are about 8.5*10 28 atoms (6.02×10 23 * 140685.5 mol/m3). Copper has one movable electron per atom as its outer shell configuration is 4s(1)3d(2+2+2+2+2), hence the charge density n is equal to 8.5×10 28 electrons per cubic meter. As per the assumption, such wire has a cross sectional area of 3.14×10-6 m 2 (A = π * (0.001 m) 2). The charge of one electron is q = −1.6×10-19 C, with all given data, electrons drift velocity is: u = í µí±° í µí²í µí±¨í µí² = í µí¿í µí±ª/í µí² �í µí¿.í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ í µí¿í µí¿ í µí² −í µí¿ � * �í µí¿.í µí¿í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ −í µí¿ í µí² í µí¿ � * (í µí¿.í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ −í µí¿í µí¿ í µí±ª)
This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclus... more This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclusion is based on these factors: iron and nickel are the principle elements of core; isotopes 57Fe, 61Ni can harvest low energy 14keV and 67keV respectively from concentrated neutrinos current, then convert to heat; unlike thermal neutron's optic refractive index n<1 and very close to 1, the low energy (<100keV) neutrino's can be n > 2, so as to form caustic zone inside Earth, confirmed by the fact that night observed value of solar neutrinos is 3.2% more than day. Why the outer core of Earth is liquid? Radius of the Earth is about 6371km, and the outer core of Earth counts from radius 1210km to 3510km, i.e. total thickness = 2300km, and modern seismic measurements have confirmed that the outer core of Earth is in liquid state. Of course, the simplest answer is that: too hot can make anything liquid. But how and where does the heating energy come from? Our textbooks are giving the wrong answer or alternative facts. My new research result shows the answer should have relation with the mystery neutrinos, especially the very low energy neutrinos. Don't forget the Sun is producing tremendous neutrinos after wake of fusion reaction. The great nature sets a mechanism to dissipate about 40% energy from beta decay. Although most
In 2011, Russian experimental physicist Parkhomov delivered a paper: " Deviations from Beta Radio... more In 2011, Russian experimental physicist Parkhomov delivered a paper: " Deviations from Beta Radioactivity Exponential Drop ". It seems that his explanation on the observed phenomenon is little bit shallow. Hereby I present my new discoveries based on his experiment settings and data, and try to generalize it as profound lemma.
Just like the webs of duck feet or bird wings, human beings have struggled for many centuries to ... more Just like the webs of duck feet or bird wings, human beings have struggled for many centuries to experiment flapping-wing aircrafts or ornithopters that shall vertically takeoff, but still failed to commercialize it. Until nowadays, only rotary propeller driven helicopters have achieved great success. Now I propose a flapping umbrella driven ornithopter that is powered by pulse power supply. Once upon commercialization of such inventions, humankind will benefit in many aspects, e.g. affordable personal aerial commuting, remote internet service, goods shipping, etc. Dynamics abstraction Umbrella-like or shutter-like pump, categorized in class of Linear Type (surface linear driving pumps) is basically the type that punches fluid directly with planar or curved surface, not by rotating blades as in traditional Angular Type (rotary angular driving pumps) where fluid direction is never vertical to any blade, but a small angle. Linear type pumps comprise pistons and driving bars with reciprocal motion, and can interface with fluid by a square or rectangular or circular or even more complicated area with fluid, but the angular type only circular area. Abstractly, the linear pump piston reciprocal motion is analogue to alternative current, and fluid is driven in direct current motion, so in a sense, like a mechanic AC-DC rectifier.
Energy breakeven is the key to utilize fusion energy. This paper predicts Z-pinch based fusion br... more Energy breakeven is the key to utilize fusion energy. This paper predicts Z-pinch based fusion breakeven is possible in near future as long as it is available of a better pulse DC power supply with high voltage and tremendous current than prior LTD (Linear Transformer Driver), but accelerator-based fusion hopeless forever.
This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacula... more This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacular and subtle in natural evaporation by visualizing tedious thermodynamic data in vivid macroscopic and microscopic scale with different gauges such as kj/kg, eV/molecule, photonic wavelength per single step of water molecular clusterization during condensation for energy density estimation, mm/day, nm/s for evaporation rate average calculation. Condensation is first time described as special invisible infrared combustion, and it is proved that it is theoretically possible to convert its latent heat to high grade thermal energy.
With the catalysis of focused neutrinos and other special means, some of those 2β isotopes can be... more With the catalysis of focused neutrinos and other special means, some of those 2β isotopes can be outstood for fuel, provided it becomes possible for 2 sequential events of concatenating β1β2 with total energy Q(β1) + Q(β2) positive balance. This research paper at least proposes molybdenum 100Mo as promising candidate.
My recent deep researches have fruited many great discoveries and inventions: 1. thermal solar ne... more My recent deep researches have fruited many great discoveries and inventions: 1. thermal solar neutrinos can be focused by special heavy metal lens, and the focused neutrinos can catalyze nuclear beta decay in exponential effect. 2. it is possible to mimic superconductor by dyno-capacitor module to cheaply realize same effects but working in room temperature even higher hundreds Celsius degree. By combining above 2 catalysis technologies, we expect to build a powerful high voltage DC betavoltaic nuclear reactor by using Lutetium fuel 176Lu. Although energy density is far less than conventional fission fuel 235U, however it is very clean nuclear energy, because of non-toxic material and no harmful waste.
Many country’s standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibr... more Many country’s standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibrate the halflife of free neutrons with different methods, unfortunately they are all obsessed by the mysterious unexplainable discrepancy: in-beam method longer than bottle method by 1%, so as to question whether there is undiscovered new physics therein. In this paper, I assert that nothing is new and the puzzle can be explained by the so-defined spontaneous Bosonization effect acting on dense colonized neutrons. At last, some inspired researches and possible applications are presented.
The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered a special kind of nuclear react... more The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered a special kind of nuclear reaction experimental research and theory exploration and they named such reactions as transformation, or C-LENR (Collective Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). In this paper, I present some comments for the intrinsic mechanism, and at last, my conjecture is proposed for alternative explanation on the overunity phenomenon in Graneau’s water explosion experiment.
This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacula... more This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacular and subtle in natural evaporation by visualizing tedious thermodynamic data in vivid macroscopic and microscopic scale with different gauges such as kj/kg, eV/molecule, photonic wavelength per single step of water molecular clusterization during condensation for energy density estimation, mm/day, nm/s for evaporation rate average calculation. Condensation is first time described as special invisible infrared combustion, and it is proved that it is theoretically possible to convert its latent heat to high grade thermal energy.
Many country's standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibr... more Many country's standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibrate the halflife of free neutrons with different methods, unfortunately they are all obsessed by the mysterious unexplainable discrepancy: in-beam method longer than bottle method by 1%, so as to question whether there is undiscovered new physics therein. In this paper, I assert that nothing is new and the puzzle can be explained by the so-defined spontaneous Bosonization effect acting on dense colonized neutrons. At last, some inspired researches and possible applications are presented.
This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclus... more This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclusion is based on these factors: iron and nickel are the principle elements of core; isotopes 57Fe, 61Ni can harvest low energy 14keV and 67keV respectively from concentrated neutrinos current, then convert to heat; unlike thermal neutron's optic refractive index n<1 and very close to 1, the low energy (<100keV) neutrino's can be n > 2, so as to form caustic zone inside Earth, confirmed by the fact that night observed value of solar neutrinos is 3.2% more than day. Why the outer core of Earth is liquid? Radius of the Earth is about 6371km, and the outer core of Earth counts from radius 1210km to 3510km, i.e. total thickness = 2300km, and modern seismic measurements have confirmed that the outer core of Earth is in liquid state. Of course, the simplest answer is that: too hot can make anything liquid. But how and where does the heating energy come from? Our textbooks are giving the wrong answer or alternative facts. My new research result shows the answer should have relation with the mystery neutrinos, especially the very low energy neutrinos. Don't forget the Sun is producing tremendous neutrinos after wake of fusion reaction. The great nature sets a mechanism to dissipate about 40% energy from beta decay. Although most
viXra, 2017
The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered experimental research and theor... more The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered experimental research and theory exploration and they named such reactions as transformation, or C-LENR (Collective Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). In this paper, I present some comments for the intrinsic mechanism, and at last, my conjecture is proposed for alternative explanation on the overunity phenomenon in Graneau’s water explosion experiment.
USPTO publication, 2018
A new kind of solid-liquid-solid cyclic phase change heat engine is presented with optional but h... more A new kind of solid-liquid-solid cyclic phase change heat engine is presented with optional but highly recommended multiple cylinders aka multiple stages cascading powertrain. Unlike the traditional Rankine engine or Stirling engine, hereby the gaseous phase is prohibited, and the conventional turbine is abandoned too. Under the drive of heat flux, low expansion volume of the working Phase Change Material (PCM) replaces the high expansion volume of hot gas, and in compensation, high expansion pressure replaces the low expansion pressure of hot gas. Via the isolated transformation from PCM pressure to hydraulic oil pressure, plus fluidic AC-DC rectification, a standard hydraulic motor replaces the gas or steam turbine. Multi-cylinder cascading heat engine can linearly increase up efficiency close to the ideal Carnot efficiency.
USPTO publication, 2019
Subject inventions use a bunch of hydraulic cylinders with cross section area in a series of powe... more Subject inventions use a bunch of hydraulic cylinders with cross section area in a series of powers of 2 multiples of the least common denominator. By selection from N pieces of such cylinders with corresponding digital-controllable valves array, the enumerateable quantity of different areal sums shall read: Nth power of 2. With proper switching on the bunch of cylinders, adjustable fluid power supply can be realized to adapt very wide pressure fluctuation of input. Also a novel system of hydrostatic transmission & powertrain is presented, and it features automatic quasi CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) & regenerative brake with reclaimed energy round trip via same tranny, by virtue of not expensively using planetary gears or variable displacement hydraulic pump/motor. All vehicles, even powered only by fossil fuel, deserve economic regenerative brake, now this invention can make it come true!
Why we have to be addictive to rotary turbine for tide or wind energy harvest? Perhaps we are not... more Why we have to be addictive to rotary turbine for tide or wind energy harvest? Perhaps we are not smart enough to find a new way. Now I propose a rectangular cross section turbine that works in reciprocation mode to harvest energy from any flowing fluid. In a sense, fluid flows in similar way of electric DC (Direct Current), but reciprocal motion of device's ram behaves in similar way of AC (Alternating Current), thus a DC-AC mechanic inverter is needed. Of course, inverse utilization of same mechanism renders an AC-DC mechanic rectifier, i.e. an exotic pump.
The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and ... more The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and asymmetrically favoring at magnetic element as energy caching and buffering bridge, e.g. the electric motors and generators that are also abstracted as electromechanical devices. The theory behind those omnipresent electromechanical devices or equipments is electrodynamics. Based on recent fast development of high energy density dielectric materials, my inventions are to be a game changer: let electrical field alone to take the heavy duty of electromechanical utilities, and let " dielectrodynamics " replace electrodynamics. Of the most importance is the key limitless high voltage generator, which can cover full gamut of voltages from volts to kilovolts (KV), megavolts (MV), even gigavolts (GV), and what we need, is just to provide necessary space occupancy and mechanic work acting on dielectric blade comb-like piston. Either motor or generator can be re-invented with this core dielectrodynamic module.
This paper presents a convenient calculation formula of energy density for nuclear fuel or nuclea... more This paper presents a convenient calculation formula of energy density for nuclear fuel or nuclear battery that outputs energy by whatever decay. Also a relative formula is deduced for easy comparison between different fuels. At last, with the convenient formula, the energy density comparison and possibility of applying different isomer beta fuels are proactively calculated and aggressively discussed.
It is well known that neutrinos come out of nuclear β decay, but radioactive materials do harm to... more It is well known that neutrinos come out of nuclear β decay, but radioactive materials do harm to human beings, and either energy spectrum or dose cannot be flexibly controlled because of the only dependence on selected nuclide and mass. This paper presents a new way to build neutrinos source by only accurately manipulating electrons motion. Because voltage supply can hardly reach MV-level, thus this method is not competent to generate high energy neutrinos, and only good for low energy, especially a convenient means for range 1eV to 100keV. How to artificially produce neutrinos or antineutrinos on demand? Relying on natural radioactive elements to produce neutrinos? Not good idea, it is too low dose, because of the usual super long time half life. Relying on solar neutrinos? Sounds good and almost decent dose, but neutrinos spectrum not adjustable unless human beings could modify or re-engineer the Sun, and also we have to mechanically track the Sun 7x24 full time, by taking advantage of climate zero influence, unlike harvesting solar photovoltaic energy only from sunshine. Modern science never tells us how to get high dose of neutrinos beam in cheap means, except by expensive high energy particles collision via accelerator. My scientific research shows it is possible to get decent dose of low energy neutrinos beam, even as low as a few electron-volt eVs, by sudden decelerating or braking high speed linear flying electrons in electric field.
Superconductor is good for carrying huge current, but extreme low cryogenic temperature is cumber... more Superconductor is good for carrying huge current, but extreme low cryogenic temperature is cumbersome, expensive and high energy consumption for keeping the condition. As alternative, spinning electric charged metal disc(s) can mimic superconductor in normal ambient condition or even high temperature as long as not too hot to deform parts, and such is more convenience and far less energy consumption than cryogenic deep freezer. In fact, velocity of electrons drift in current carrying disc is very slow, e.g. only 23μm/s for 1 ampere in a 2mm diameter wire, in contrast, mechanic motion can easily reach sound speed, hence huge virtual current can exist. How fast do electrons flow when a conductor wire is carrying current? Let me take copper wire as example, and assuming current I = 1A, diameter 2mm. Electricity is most commonly conducted in copper wires. Copper has a density of 8.94g/cm 3 , and an atomic weight of 63.546g/mol, so there is 140685.5mol/m 3. In one mole of any element there are 6.02*10 23 atoms (Avogadro's constant). Therefore in 1 m 3 of copper there are about 8.5*10 28 atoms (6.02×10 23 * 140685.5 mol/m3). Copper has one movable electron per atom as its outer shell configuration is 4s(1)3d(2+2+2+2+2), hence the charge density n is equal to 8.5×10 28 electrons per cubic meter. As per the assumption, such wire has a cross sectional area of 3.14×10-6 m 2 (A = π * (0.001 m) 2). The charge of one electron is q = −1.6×10-19 C, with all given data, electrons drift velocity is: u = í µí±° í µí²í µí±¨í µí² = í µí¿í µí±ª/í µí² �í µí¿.í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ í µí¿í µí¿ í µí² −í µí¿ � * �í µí¿.í µí¿í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ −í µí¿ í µí² í µí¿ � * (í µí¿.í µí¿ * í µí¿í µí¿ −í µí¿í µí¿ í µí±ª)
This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclus... more This paper presents a new viewpoint to explain why the outer core of Earth is liquid. The conclusion is based on these factors: iron and nickel are the principle elements of core; isotopes 57Fe, 61Ni can harvest low energy 14keV and 67keV respectively from concentrated neutrinos current, then convert to heat; unlike thermal neutron's optic refractive index n<1 and very close to 1, the low energy (<100keV) neutrino's can be n > 2, so as to form caustic zone inside Earth, confirmed by the fact that night observed value of solar neutrinos is 3.2% more than day. Why the outer core of Earth is liquid? Radius of the Earth is about 6371km, and the outer core of Earth counts from radius 1210km to 3510km, i.e. total thickness = 2300km, and modern seismic measurements have confirmed that the outer core of Earth is in liquid state. Of course, the simplest answer is that: too hot can make anything liquid. But how and where does the heating energy come from? Our textbooks are giving the wrong answer or alternative facts. My new research result shows the answer should have relation with the mystery neutrinos, especially the very low energy neutrinos. Don't forget the Sun is producing tremendous neutrinos after wake of fusion reaction. The great nature sets a mechanism to dissipate about 40% energy from beta decay. Although most
In 2011, Russian experimental physicist Parkhomov delivered a paper: " Deviations from Beta Radio... more In 2011, Russian experimental physicist Parkhomov delivered a paper: " Deviations from Beta Radioactivity Exponential Drop ". It seems that his explanation on the observed phenomenon is little bit shallow. Hereby I present my new discoveries based on his experiment settings and data, and try to generalize it as profound lemma.
Just like the webs of duck feet or bird wings, human beings have struggled for many centuries to ... more Just like the webs of duck feet or bird wings, human beings have struggled for many centuries to experiment flapping-wing aircrafts or ornithopters that shall vertically takeoff, but still failed to commercialize it. Until nowadays, only rotary propeller driven helicopters have achieved great success. Now I propose a flapping umbrella driven ornithopter that is powered by pulse power supply. Once upon commercialization of such inventions, humankind will benefit in many aspects, e.g. affordable personal aerial commuting, remote internet service, goods shipping, etc. Dynamics abstraction Umbrella-like or shutter-like pump, categorized in class of Linear Type (surface linear driving pumps) is basically the type that punches fluid directly with planar or curved surface, not by rotating blades as in traditional Angular Type (rotary angular driving pumps) where fluid direction is never vertical to any blade, but a small angle. Linear type pumps comprise pistons and driving bars with reciprocal motion, and can interface with fluid by a square or rectangular or circular or even more complicated area with fluid, but the angular type only circular area. Abstractly, the linear pump piston reciprocal motion is analogue to alternative current, and fluid is driven in direct current motion, so in a sense, like a mechanic AC-DC rectifier.
Energy breakeven is the key to utilize fusion energy. This paper predicts Z-pinch based fusion br... more Energy breakeven is the key to utilize fusion energy. This paper predicts Z-pinch based fusion breakeven is possible in near future as long as it is available of a better pulse DC power supply with high voltage and tremendous current than prior LTD (Linear Transformer Driver), but accelerator-based fusion hopeless forever.
This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacula... more This paper emphasizes how great energy hidden in ubiquitous aerial water vapor and how spectacular and subtle in natural evaporation by visualizing tedious thermodynamic data in vivid macroscopic and microscopic scale with different gauges such as kj/kg, eV/molecule, photonic wavelength per single step of water molecular clusterization during condensation for energy density estimation, mm/day, nm/s for evaporation rate average calculation. Condensation is first time described as special invisible infrared combustion, and it is proved that it is theoretically possible to convert its latent heat to high grade thermal energy.
With the catalysis of focused neutrinos and other special means, some of those 2β isotopes can be... more With the catalysis of focused neutrinos and other special means, some of those 2β isotopes can be outstood for fuel, provided it becomes possible for 2 sequential events of concatenating β1β2 with total energy Q(β1) + Q(β2) positive balance. This research paper at least proposes molybdenum 100Mo as promising candidate.
My recent deep researches have fruited many great discoveries and inventions: 1. thermal solar ne... more My recent deep researches have fruited many great discoveries and inventions: 1. thermal solar neutrinos can be focused by special heavy metal lens, and the focused neutrinos can catalyze nuclear beta decay in exponential effect. 2. it is possible to mimic superconductor by dyno-capacitor module to cheaply realize same effects but working in room temperature even higher hundreds Celsius degree. By combining above 2 catalysis technologies, we expect to build a powerful high voltage DC betavoltaic nuclear reactor by using Lutetium fuel 176Lu. Although energy density is far less than conventional fission fuel 235U, however it is very clean nuclear energy, because of non-toxic material and no harmful waste.
Many country’s standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibr... more Many country’s standards management departments have struggled for long time to accurately calibrate the halflife of free neutrons with different methods, unfortunately they are all obsessed by the mysterious unexplainable discrepancy: in-beam method longer than bottle method by 1%, so as to question whether there is undiscovered new physics therein. In this paper, I assert that nothing is new and the puzzle can be explained by the so-defined spontaneous Bosonization effect acting on dense colonized neutrons. At last, some inspired researches and possible applications are presented.
The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered a special kind of nuclear react... more The Russian scientists D.V. Filippov and L.I. Urutskoev pioneered a special kind of nuclear reaction experimental research and theory exploration and they named such reactions as transformation, or C-LENR (Collective Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). In this paper, I present some comments for the intrinsic mechanism, and at last, my conjecture is proposed for alternative explanation on the overunity phenomenon in Graneau’s water explosion experiment.
Figshare, 2022
Waste is Simply a Valuable Resource in the Wrong Place. Burning biomass in steam engine for <10% ... more Waste is Simply a Valuable Resource in the Wrong Place.
Burning biomass in steam engine for <10% power is just little bit better than wildfire, so here biomass = waste.
But burning biomass in my heat engine with Liquid Air/Nitrogen(LA/LN) as heat sink, its efficiency >80%, so here biomass is precious as gasoline, rendering 1kg biomass = 0.5kg gasoline by heat value equality, as per good biomass heat of combustion = 20MJ/kg, gasoline = 40MJ/kg.
My inventions could enable the farmed LN as cheap as $0.05/L by proprietary cleantech of fire-for-chill and chill-for-power.
Production line:
grow energy grass -> burn it in my proprietary heat engine, which consumes LN as heat sink -> shaft liquefaction machine -> produce LA/LN -> feedback 70% LN production to the LN consuming heat engine for rolling-up production -> remaining LN for sale.
Burning 1kg biomass in farmland, can produce at least 2kg marketable LN after deduction of LN consumption in situ, as heat sink of heat engine, which is powering liquefaction machine.
With 80~90% veneer efficiency, future vehicle drivers need buy both fuel from gas station & LN from nearby farmers or any possible LN retailers for their fuel+LN hybrid vehicles.
Even reluctant to give up gas, its demand can be 70% off; e.g. future hybrid vehicle = 15L gas tank + 150L LN dewar, 100MPG, its range = 60L tank gas vehicle.
Omnipresent farms = dense ready LN refill & biomass reload infrastructure anywhere, include the remotest rural, better than EV in this point.
LN is also excellent energy storage with 10MJ/kg, good for Distributed Energy Resource DER.
Where there's energy, where there's vigor; after farmers joins this circular energy economy, there'll be no more hillbilly elegy.
The epoch of Farming Liquid Air LA = LN + Liquid Oxygen LO as major energy commodity, and the Cryogenic Heat Sink Revolution CHSR are coming! Are you ready to accept the challenge?