Sheraz Yaqub - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sheraz Yaqub

Copyright © 2013 Muhammad Shafique et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Cr... more Copyright © 2013 Muhammad Shafique et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aim. Large food bits can get stuck in the esophagus and must be removed by endoscopy. In some cases, this can be difficult or unsafe. We describe a new and safe treatment for such patients. Materials and Methods. 100 consecutive patients were referred to Akershus University Hospital with impacted food in the esophagus. In 36 patients (36%), the food passed spontaneously. In 59 (92%) of the remaining 64 patients, the food was removed by endoscopic intervention. In the last five patients, endoscopic removal was judged difficult or unsafe. These patients received the new treatment: one capsule Creon 10000 IU dissolved in 30mL of Coca-Cola administered by a nasooesophageal tube four times daily for 2-3 days. Results. Of the 59 patient...

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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening, 2005

We report the first case in Norway of a man who developed ulceroglandular tularaemia following a ... more We report the first case in Norway of a man who developed ulceroglandular tularaemia following a cat bite. If after feline contact, patients develop skin and soft-tissue infections that fail to respond to therapy with penicillin, physicians should consider the possibility of tularaemia. Our patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin, which is effective against Francisella tularensis and most pathogens associated with feline infections. A greater awareness of infections following a cat bite is important for recognising this uncommon condition.

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Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 16, 2004

Case Reports in Surgery, 2014

Introduction. Most surgeons prefer Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) for biliary reconstructio... more Introduction. Most surgeons prefer Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) for biliary reconstruction following a common bile duct (CBD) injury. However, in patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) a RYHJ may be technically challenging and can interfere with bowel physiology induced by RYGB. The use of a hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) resolves both these issues. Presentation of Case. We present a case of CBD injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy one year after laparoscopic RYGB for morbid obesity. Due to adhesions and previous surgery with RYGB, we did not want to interfere with the RYGB physiology by anastomosing the CBD to the jejunum or ileum. Succeeding a full Kocher's maneuver we performed biliary reconstruction by a tension-free end-toside HD. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged after eight days. At four-month follow-up, the patient had stable weight and normal laboratory test results. MRCP demonstrated normal intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts with status after HD. Discussion. We propose that HD should be considered in treatment of CBD injury in post-RYGB patients as it may reduce the risk of interfering with the post-RYGB physiology.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2004

Pulmonary hypertension is an extremely serious and potentially fatal disorder. Although pulmonary... more Pulmonary hypertension is an extremely serious and potentially fatal disorder. Although pulmonary hypertension is a potential complication of connective tissue disease, it has been reported rarely in patients with dermatomyositis. Similarly, multiple myeloma is rare in patients with dermatomyositis. We describe a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension who also had features of dermatomyositis and monoclonal gammopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient in whom all 3 disorders occurred concurrently. Even more striking is the fact that the patient responded to treatment with cyclophosphamide and prostacyclin. He is asymptomatic more than 5 years after treatment was discontinued.

Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening, 2014

Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2004

Aims: To apply scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and a fluorescent viability stain to ... more Aims: To apply scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and a fluorescent viability stain to assess lethal and sublethal in food-borne bacteria exposed to high-intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF). Methods and Results: A rapid cellular staining method using the fluorescent redox probes 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and 4¢,6-diamidino-2-phylindole was used for enumerating actively respiring cells of Listeria mononcytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. This respiratory staining (RS) approach provided good agreement with the conventional plate count agar method for enumerating untreated and high-intensity PEFtreated bacteria suspended in 0.1% (w/v) peptone water. However, test organisms subjected to similar levels of lethality by heating at 56°C resulted in ca 3-log-unit difference in surviving cell numbers ml )1 when enumerated by these different viability indicators. PEF-treated bacteria were markedly altered at the cellular level when examined by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions: While PEF-treatment did not produce sublethally injured cells (P < 0.05), substantial subpopulations of test bacteria rendered incapable of forming colonies by heating may remain metabolically active. Significance and Impact of the Study: The fluorescent staining method offers interesting perspectives on assessing established and novel microbial inactivation methods. Use of this approach may also provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in microbial inactivation induced by PEF.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2016

Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality ... more Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). An observational, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by linking patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 through 2011 (Cancer Registry of Norway) with data on their aspirin use (The Norwegian Prescription Database). These registries cover more than 99% of the Norwegian population and include all patients in an unselected and consecutive manner. Exposure to aspirin was defined as receipt of aspirin prescriptions for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to model survival. The main outcome measures of the study were CSS and OS. A total of 23,162 patients diagnosed with CRC were included, 6,102 of whom were exposed to aspirin after the diagnosis of CRC (26.3%). The median follow-up time was 3.0 years. A total of 2,071 deaths (32.9%, all causes) occurred among aspirin-exposed patients, of which 1,158 (19.0%) were CRC specific. Among unexposed patients (n = 17,060), there were 7,218 deaths (42.3%), of which 5,375 (31.5%) were CRC specific. In multivariable analysis, aspirin exposure after the diagnosis of CRC was independently associated with improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92) and OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01). Aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC is independently associated with improved CSS and OS.

PLOS ONE, 2016

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that are importa... more Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that are important regulators of immunity and homeostasis. CD1c+ cDCs are present in human blood and tissues, and found to efficiently activate naïve CD4+ T cells. While CD1c is thought to specifically identify this subset of human cDCs, we show here that also classical and intermediate monocytes express CD1c. Accordingly, the commercial CD1c (BDCA-1)+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit isolates two distinct cell populations from blood: CD1c+CD14- cDCs and CD1c+CD14+ monocytes. CD1c+ cDCs and CD1c+ monocytes exhibited strikingly different properties, including their differential regulation of surface marker expression, their levels of cytokine production, and their ability to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that a commercial CD1c (BDCA-1)+ Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit isolates two functionally different cell populations, which has important implications for the interpretation of previously generated data using this kit to characterize CD1c+ cDCs.

International Immunology, Feb 1, 2008

Monocytes initiate innate immune responses and interact with T cells to induce antigen-specific i... more Monocytes initiate innate immune responses and interact with T cells to induce antigen-specific immune responses by antigen presentation and secretion of humoral factors. We have previously shown that adaptive regulatory T cells inhibit T-cell effector functions in a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )-dependent manner and that PGE 2 converts resting CD41CD252 T cells into FOXP31 T cells with a suppressive phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of monocytes with LPS leads to suppression of T-cell immune responses by a COX-2-PGE 2 -dependent mechanism that is reversible with COX-2 inhibitors as well as PGE 2 -neutralizing antibody and cAMP antagonist. Furthermore, we show that LPS-activated monocytes induce FOXP3 expression in resting CD41CD252 T cells by the same pathway. These results suggest that monocytes are able to efficiently suppress T-cell immune responses in a regulatory manner and elicit an inhibitory immune profile.

European Journal of Immunology, Mar 1, 2008

Continuous antigen stimulation of CD4 + CD25 -T cells leads to generation of adaptive CD4 + CD25 ... more Continuous antigen stimulation of CD4 + CD25 -T cells leads to generation of adaptive CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + regulatory T (T R ) cells. Here, we show that highly suppressive adaptive CD8 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells can be generated in the same manner by continuous antigen stimulation in the presence of CD14 + monocytes. During the course of stimulation, acquisition of immunosuppressive properties develops in parallel with up-regulation and expression of cytotoxic molecules. The CD8 + T R cells inhibit CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation and cytokine production, but do not alter the expression of granzyme A and granzyme B or perforin in CD8 + effector T cells. Although, the CD8 + T R cells express prostaglandin E 2 , IL-10 and TGF-b, the mechanism of suppression was independent of these soluble factors. In contrast to adaptive CD4 + T R cells, the CD8 + T R cells suppress mainly by a contact-dependent mechanism as evident from transwell experiments. However, neither blocking antibodies to CTLA-4, CD80 nor CD86 could reverse CD8 + T R -mediated suppression, indicating that other mechanism(s) must be employed by these cells.

Clin Immunol, 2006

aberrant AID and error-prone polymerase expression may contribute to the development of NHL. Typi... more aberrant AID and error-prone polymerase expression may contribute to the development of NHL. Typically, AID expression is induced by simultaneous exposure to B-cellstimulatory cytokines (IL-4) and interactions between CD40 (B-cells) and CD40L (T-cells). Since EBV encodes for a CD40L homolog (LMP1), it is reasonable to think that EBV infection may result in AID and error-prone polymerase (pol-L and/or D) expression. We have observed that infection of PBMC Bcells with EBV (B95.8 supernatant) induced AID and pol-D gene expression at 10 days post-infection. Detectable levels of AID and LMP-1 protein were confirmed following EBV infection of B-cells. Since AID and pol-D expression is elevated following EBV infection, and AID pol-D are involved in SHM, we assessed oncogene mutation, finding that GC (bcl-6) and non-GC (p53) genes, which are mutated in NHL, accrued mutations after EBV infection. These mutations were mainly transitions, which are characteristic of AID and pol-D activity. This suggests a direct link between EBV infection and the molecular lesions that are known to lead to the genesis of NHL.

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, 2016

JAMA, 2015

Perforated colonic diverticulitis usually requires surgical resection, which is associated with s... more Perforated colonic diverticulitis usually requires surgical resection, which is associated with significant morbidity. Cohort studies have suggested that laparoscopic lavage may treat perforated diverticulitis with less morbidity than resection procedures. To compare the outcomes from laparoscopic lavage with those for colon resection for perforated diverticulitis. Multicenter, randomized clinical superiority trial recruiting participants from 21 centers in Sweden and Norway from February 2010 to June 2014. The last patient follow-up was in December 2014 and final review and verification of the medical records was assessed in March 2015. Patients with suspected perforated diverticulitis, a clinical indication for emergency surgery, and free air on an abdominal computed tomography scan were eligible. Of 509 patients screened, 415 were eligible and 199 were enrolled. Patients were assigned to undergo laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (n = 101) or colon resection (n = 98) based on a computer-generated, center-stratified block randomization. All patients with fecal peritonitis (15 patients in the laparoscopic peritoneal lavage group vs 13 in the colon resection group) underwent colon resection. Patients with a pathology requiring treatment beyond that necessary for perforated diverticulitis (12 in the laparoscopic lavage group vs 13 in the colon resection group) were also excluded from the protocol operations and treated as required for the pathology encountered. The primary outcome was severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo score &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;IIIa) within 90 days. Secondary outcomes included other postoperative complications, reoperations, length of operating time, length of postoperative hospital stay, and quality of life. The primary outcome was observed in 31 of 101 patients (30.7%) in the laparoscopic lavage group and 25 of 96 patients (26.0%) in the colon resection group (difference, 4.7% [95% CI, -7.9% to 17.0%]; P = .53). Mortality at 90 days did not significantly differ between the laparoscopic lavage group (14 patients [13.9%]) and the colon resection group (11 patients [11.5%]; difference, 2.4% [95% CI, -7.2% to 11.9%]; P = .67). The reoperation rate was significantly higher in the laparoscopic lavage group (15 of 74 patients [20.3%]) than in the colon resection group (4 of 70 patients [5.7%]; difference, 14.6% [95% CI, 3.5% to 25.6%]; P = .01) for patients who did not have fecal peritonitis. The length of operating time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic lavage group; whereas, length of postoperative hospital stay and quality of life did not differ significantly between groups. Four sigmoid carcinomas were missed with laparoscopic lavage. Among patients with likely perforated diverticulitis and undergoing emergency surgery, the use of laparoscopic lavage vs primary resection did not reduce severe postoperative complications and led to worse outcomes in secondary end points. These findings do not support laparoscopic lavage for treatment of perforated diverticulitis. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01047462.