Yasir Hafeez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Yasir Hafeez
2022 IEEE 5th International Symposium in Robotics and Manufacturing Automation (ROMA)
2016 6th International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), 2016
This paper focuses on the design and performance of sampled-data robust control of a class of con... more This paper focuses on the design and performance of sampled-data robust control of a class of continuous-time underactuated electromechanical systems. The control law is designed on the philosophy based on stabilization of discrete-time equivalent model of a continuous-time system which can be broadly classified into sampled-data stabilization of a class of underactuated linear systems with a time-varying actuation characteristics. The system can be actuated by a short duration pulse in a fixed interval of time. The system is discretized for complete actuation cycle to get an equivalent discrete-time model of the continuous-time system. The equivalent model is developed by considering a complete actuation cycle as a single discrete step. The continuous-time system is fully actuated in this interval and unactuated otherwise. The state feedback control law is designed on the basis of fully actuated, time invariant exact discrete-time equivalent model of the continuous-time system. The...
2019 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2019
The EEG-neurofeedback modality has direct implication on alpha asymmetry. The efficacy of EEG-neu... more The EEG-neurofeedback modality has direct implication on alpha asymmetry. The efficacy of EEG-neurofeedback may be affected by the stimulus contents. This research investigated the effectiveness of 2D and 3D game stimulus content (GSC) on stress mitigation during neurofeedback training (NFT). The effectiveness is compared between stimulus contents by measuring the mean prefrontal alpha asymmetry using quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis. For this, ten healthy participants among university students were recruited and performed twenty-minutes neurofeedback training (NFT) on Fp1-Fp2 within a period of sixty days to record forty sessions of data. The statistical analysis of the data after the neurofeedback training showed an effect of game contents on alpha asymmetry. The graphical analysis of alpha power showed that the 3D game content was more effective than the 2D game content. The outcome of 3D game stimulus content showed effect on the prefrontal alpha asymmetry and improve the treatment efficacy of neurofeedback for stress mitigation.
2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2016
Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedb... more Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedback therapy. Neurofeedback therapy is usually successful. The contents as stimuli for neurofeedback training are not available for stress and anxiety. This paper focuses on giving a comprehensive and critical summary of available contents for neurofeedback training. It also establishes a need for the development of content as a stimulus for neurofeedback which trains the subject on how to control his brain activity, especially in stress condition. The developed content consists of audio and game. The game is used to reduce the power of high-beta brain activity and the audio is used to enhance the amplitude of alpha brainwaves in left-prefrontal lobe. The experimental results show significant improvement in reducing stress level. The outcome is a proposed content for neurofeedback training to reduce stress, and it also improves the neurofeedback training efficacy.
Sensors, 2020
Mental stress has been identified as a significant cause of several bodily disorders, such as dep... more Mental stress has been identified as a significant cause of several bodily disorders, such as depression, hypertension, neural and cardiovascular abnormalities. Conventional stress assessment methods are highly subjective and tedious and tend to lack accuracy. Machine-learning (ML)-based computer-aided diagnosis systems can be used to assess the mental state with reasonable accuracy, but they require offline processing and feature extraction, rendering them unsuitable for real-time applications. This paper presents a real-time mental stress assessment approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN-based approach afforded real-time mental stress assessment with an accuracy as high as 96%, the sensitivity of 95%, and specificity of 97%. The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art ML techniques in terms of accuracy, time utilisation, and quality of features.
Sensors
Adults are constantly exposed to stressful conditions at their workplace, and this can lead to de... more Adults are constantly exposed to stressful conditions at their workplace, and this can lead to decreased job performance followed by detrimental clinical health problems. Advancement of sensor technologies has allowed the electroencephalography (EEG) devices to be portable and used in real-time to monitor mental health. However, real-time monitoring is not often practical in workplace environments with complex operations such as kindergarten, firefighting and offshore facilities. Integrating the EEG with virtual reality (VR) that emulates workplace conditions can be a tool to assess and monitor mental health of adults within their working environment. This paper evaluates the mental states induced when performing a stressful task in a VR-based offshore environment. The theta, alpha and beta frequency bands are analysed to assess changes in mental states due to physical discomfort, stress and concentration. During the VR trials, mental states of discomfort and disorientation are obse...
IEEE Access
The neurofeedback stimulus content has direct implications for the efficacy of the psychophysiolo... more The neurofeedback stimulus content has direct implications for the efficacy of the psychophysiological applications for neurofeedback modality. In particular, enhancements of neurofeedback stimulus content can facilitate improvements in the efficacy of neurofeedback applications in clinical practice. To further elaborate on this aspect, this study introduced systematic enhancements in neurofeedback stimulus content by developing enhanced neurofeedback stimulus content for stress mitigation. The enhancements included the automatic selection of color of neurofeebdack stimulus content environment and instruction messages, as well as, the adaptive selection of threshold of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) features, such as frontal alpha power and frontal alpha asymmetry. The enhancements were based on the outcomes from previous research on the selection of neurofeedback stimulus content for stress mitigation. The improvement in the efficacy of neurofeedback stimulus content was measured statistically by comparing the QEEG and topographic maps. In this study, electroencephalogram data from 20 participants were acquired during multiple sessions of neurofeedback. Analysis of variance and a post hoc test were used to verify the improvement in the efficacy of the neurofeedback application for stress mitigation after the enhancements of the neurofeedback stimulus content; a t-test was used to verify the statistical significance of the stress mitigation by the neurofeedback p < 0.05. The results indicate that the enhancement of the developed neurofeedback stimulus content facilitated stress mitigation during the early sessions of neurofeedback. In conclusion, the efficacy of neurofeedback can be improved using the developed stimulus content with enhancements. INDEX TERMS neurofeedback, EEG, alpha asymmetry, stress, stimulus content, QEEG I. INTRODUCTION N EUROFEEDBACK is a modality that trains the human brain based on real-time information extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) data for the treatment of neurological disorders in clinical and non-clinical setting [1]-[3]. EEG data are acquired and processed in real-time during a
IEEE, 2017
Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedb... more Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedback therapy. Neurofeedback therapy is usually successful. The contents as stimuli for neurofeedback training is not available for stress and anxiety. This paper focuses on giving a comprehensive and critical summary of available contents for neurofeedback training. It also establishes a need for the development of content as a stimulus for neurofeedback which trains the subject on how to control his brain activity, especially in stress condition. The developed content consists of audio and game. The game is used to reduce the power of high−beta brain power and the audio is used to enhance the amplitude of alpha brainwaves in right−prefrontal lobe. The experimental results show significant improvement in reducing stress level. The outcome is a proposed content for neurofeedback training to reduce stress, and it also improves the neurofeedback training efficacy.
IEEE, Sep 27, 2019
The selection of stimulus contents for neurofeedback has direct implications on the efficacy of n... more The selection of stimulus contents for neurofeedback has direct implications on the efficacy of neurofeedback therapy. In particular, a suitable selection of stimulus contents facilitates the achievement of sustainability during neurofeedback sessions, which has been considered challenging during clinical practice. To further elaborate this point, this research investigates the efficacy of different neurofeedback stimulus contents (audio, video, and games) for stress mitigation. The effectiveness of the contents was measured by statistically comparing quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) features, such as alpha power and alpha asymmetry before and after neurofeedback sessions. In addition, the topographic maps of activities were constructed for a visual description. In this study, 29 study participants were recruited, and the EEG data were recorded during multiple neurofeedback sessions. ANOVA and post hoc testing verified the statistical significance of the results of the various stimulus contents, whereas a t-test verified the significance of stress mitigation because of neurofeedback. The results indicate that games exhibit higher effectiveness than audio and video contents for stress mitigation. In addition, the topographic analysis demonstrates the efficacy of neurofeedback training for stress mitigation. In conclusion, the effects of neurofeedback therapy could be enhanced while selecting suitable stimulus contents for neurofeedback protocols.
2022 IEEE 5th International Symposium in Robotics and Manufacturing Automation (ROMA)
2016 6th International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), 2016
This paper focuses on the design and performance of sampled-data robust control of a class of con... more This paper focuses on the design and performance of sampled-data robust control of a class of continuous-time underactuated electromechanical systems. The control law is designed on the philosophy based on stabilization of discrete-time equivalent model of a continuous-time system which can be broadly classified into sampled-data stabilization of a class of underactuated linear systems with a time-varying actuation characteristics. The system can be actuated by a short duration pulse in a fixed interval of time. The system is discretized for complete actuation cycle to get an equivalent discrete-time model of the continuous-time system. The equivalent model is developed by considering a complete actuation cycle as a single discrete step. The continuous-time system is fully actuated in this interval and unactuated otherwise. The state feedback control law is designed on the basis of fully actuated, time invariant exact discrete-time equivalent model of the continuous-time system. The...
2019 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2019
The EEG-neurofeedback modality has direct implication on alpha asymmetry. The efficacy of EEG-neu... more The EEG-neurofeedback modality has direct implication on alpha asymmetry. The efficacy of EEG-neurofeedback may be affected by the stimulus contents. This research investigated the effectiveness of 2D and 3D game stimulus content (GSC) on stress mitigation during neurofeedback training (NFT). The effectiveness is compared between stimulus contents by measuring the mean prefrontal alpha asymmetry using quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis. For this, ten healthy participants among university students were recruited and performed twenty-minutes neurofeedback training (NFT) on Fp1-Fp2 within a period of sixty days to record forty sessions of data. The statistical analysis of the data after the neurofeedback training showed an effect of game contents on alpha asymmetry. The graphical analysis of alpha power showed that the 3D game content was more effective than the 2D game content. The outcome of 3D game stimulus content showed effect on the prefrontal alpha asymmetry and improve the treatment efficacy of neurofeedback for stress mitigation.
2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES), 2016
Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedb... more Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedback therapy. Neurofeedback therapy is usually successful. The contents as stimuli for neurofeedback training are not available for stress and anxiety. This paper focuses on giving a comprehensive and critical summary of available contents for neurofeedback training. It also establishes a need for the development of content as a stimulus for neurofeedback which trains the subject on how to control his brain activity, especially in stress condition. The developed content consists of audio and game. The game is used to reduce the power of high-beta brain activity and the audio is used to enhance the amplitude of alpha brainwaves in left-prefrontal lobe. The experimental results show significant improvement in reducing stress level. The outcome is a proposed content for neurofeedback training to reduce stress, and it also improves the neurofeedback training efficacy.
Sensors, 2020
Mental stress has been identified as a significant cause of several bodily disorders, such as dep... more Mental stress has been identified as a significant cause of several bodily disorders, such as depression, hypertension, neural and cardiovascular abnormalities. Conventional stress assessment methods are highly subjective and tedious and tend to lack accuracy. Machine-learning (ML)-based computer-aided diagnosis systems can be used to assess the mental state with reasonable accuracy, but they require offline processing and feature extraction, rendering them unsuitable for real-time applications. This paper presents a real-time mental stress assessment approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN-based approach afforded real-time mental stress assessment with an accuracy as high as 96%, the sensitivity of 95%, and specificity of 97%. The proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art ML techniques in terms of accuracy, time utilisation, and quality of features.
Sensors
Adults are constantly exposed to stressful conditions at their workplace, and this can lead to de... more Adults are constantly exposed to stressful conditions at their workplace, and this can lead to decreased job performance followed by detrimental clinical health problems. Advancement of sensor technologies has allowed the electroencephalography (EEG) devices to be portable and used in real-time to monitor mental health. However, real-time monitoring is not often practical in workplace environments with complex operations such as kindergarten, firefighting and offshore facilities. Integrating the EEG with virtual reality (VR) that emulates workplace conditions can be a tool to assess and monitor mental health of adults within their working environment. This paper evaluates the mental states induced when performing a stressful task in a VR-based offshore environment. The theta, alpha and beta frequency bands are analysed to assess changes in mental states due to physical discomfort, stress and concentration. During the VR trials, mental states of discomfort and disorientation are obse...
IEEE Access
The neurofeedback stimulus content has direct implications for the efficacy of the psychophysiolo... more The neurofeedback stimulus content has direct implications for the efficacy of the psychophysiological applications for neurofeedback modality. In particular, enhancements of neurofeedback stimulus content can facilitate improvements in the efficacy of neurofeedback applications in clinical practice. To further elaborate on this aspect, this study introduced systematic enhancements in neurofeedback stimulus content by developing enhanced neurofeedback stimulus content for stress mitigation. The enhancements included the automatic selection of color of neurofeebdack stimulus content environment and instruction messages, as well as, the adaptive selection of threshold of quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) features, such as frontal alpha power and frontal alpha asymmetry. The enhancements were based on the outcomes from previous research on the selection of neurofeedback stimulus content for stress mitigation. The improvement in the efficacy of neurofeedback stimulus content was measured statistically by comparing the QEEG and topographic maps. In this study, electroencephalogram data from 20 participants were acquired during multiple sessions of neurofeedback. Analysis of variance and a post hoc test were used to verify the improvement in the efficacy of the neurofeedback application for stress mitigation after the enhancements of the neurofeedback stimulus content; a t-test was used to verify the statistical significance of the stress mitigation by the neurofeedback p < 0.05. The results indicate that the enhancement of the developed neurofeedback stimulus content facilitated stress mitigation during the early sessions of neurofeedback. In conclusion, the efficacy of neurofeedback can be improved using the developed stimulus content with enhancements. INDEX TERMS neurofeedback, EEG, alpha asymmetry, stress, stimulus content, QEEG I. INTRODUCTION N EUROFEEDBACK is a modality that trains the human brain based on real-time information extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) data for the treatment of neurological disorders in clinical and non-clinical setting [1]-[3]. EEG data are acquired and processed in real-time during a
IEEE, 2017
Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedb... more Stress is one of the major problems in society and is being treated using medicine and neurofeedback therapy. Neurofeedback therapy is usually successful. The contents as stimuli for neurofeedback training is not available for stress and anxiety. This paper focuses on giving a comprehensive and critical summary of available contents for neurofeedback training. It also establishes a need for the development of content as a stimulus for neurofeedback which trains the subject on how to control his brain activity, especially in stress condition. The developed content consists of audio and game. The game is used to reduce the power of high−beta brain power and the audio is used to enhance the amplitude of alpha brainwaves in right−prefrontal lobe. The experimental results show significant improvement in reducing stress level. The outcome is a proposed content for neurofeedback training to reduce stress, and it also improves the neurofeedback training efficacy.
IEEE, Sep 27, 2019
The selection of stimulus contents for neurofeedback has direct implications on the efficacy of n... more The selection of stimulus contents for neurofeedback has direct implications on the efficacy of neurofeedback therapy. In particular, a suitable selection of stimulus contents facilitates the achievement of sustainability during neurofeedback sessions, which has been considered challenging during clinical practice. To further elaborate this point, this research investigates the efficacy of different neurofeedback stimulus contents (audio, video, and games) for stress mitigation. The effectiveness of the contents was measured by statistically comparing quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) features, such as alpha power and alpha asymmetry before and after neurofeedback sessions. In addition, the topographic maps of activities were constructed for a visual description. In this study, 29 study participants were recruited, and the EEG data were recorded during multiple neurofeedback sessions. ANOVA and post hoc testing verified the statistical significance of the results of the various stimulus contents, whereas a t-test verified the significance of stress mitigation because of neurofeedback. The results indicate that games exhibit higher effectiveness than audio and video contents for stress mitigation. In addition, the topographic analysis demonstrates the efficacy of neurofeedback training for stress mitigation. In conclusion, the effects of neurofeedback therapy could be enhanced while selecting suitable stimulus contents for neurofeedback protocols.