Ye Htut Linn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ye Htut Linn

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-hepatitis B activities of Myanmar medicinal plants: a narrative review of current evidence

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract on IgA nephropathy: a case of renal function improvement during one-and-a-half-year follow-up

Advances in Traditional Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Supplement Therapy on HCV-Related HCC: a Case Report of a Patient Who Had Undergone TACE for Six Times

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Research paper thumbnail of Ampullary Adenocarcinoma: a Mini-Review and a Case Report of a Clinically Stable Disease Patient Treated with Herbal Supplements

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publishe... more Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Research paper thumbnail of Can probiotics prevent acute radiation-induced diarrhoea among cervical cancer patients?: the result from a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study

Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society

Background: Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment of cervical cancer and the most common acute s... more Background: Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment of cervical cancer and the most common acute side effect is radiation-induced diarrhea (RID), which can affect up to 80% of patients. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics containing live Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 for the prevention of acute RID among cervical cancer patients. Methods: Patients who will undergo external beam pelvic radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy were randomized into probiotic or placebo group and was double-blinded. The probiotic group received the capsules each contains 1.75 billion lyophilized live bacteria which to be taken one capsule three times daily beginning from the first day to the end of radiotherapy and the placebo group received the identically appearing capsules containing starch with the same schedule. Every patient was given the standard dietary recommendations. The patients were assessed daily during radiotherapy and follow up weekly for 3 weeks after radiotherapy. Continuous variables were compared using the independent samples t test and categorical variables with the Chi-square test. The p-values reported were two-tailed and p < 0.05 was regarded as significance. The time-to-event variables were compared with Log Rank test and described with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Total 54 patients were analyzed. The incidence of diarrhoea was reduced in probiotic group than placebo group (53.8% and 82.1%, p < 0.05). The mild-to-moderate and severe diarrhoea were significantly reduced in probiotic group (p < 0.05). The use of loperamide as an anti-diarrhoeal medication was significantly reduced in probiotic group than placebo group (p < 0.01). The difference in grade 2 abdominal pain and episodes of abdominal pain in days were also significant (p < 0.001). But the onset of diarrhoea, interruption of radiotherapy due to diarrhoea, dose of loperamide and its onset and patients' conditions during the 3 weeks follow ups were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of probiotics containing live Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 is an easy and effective way to reduce the incidence and severity of RID in cervical cancer patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse Drug Reactions in Selected Wards of the Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital During the First Quarter of 2019: An Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Myanmar

Drugs - Real World Outcomes

Background Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug... more Background Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but data on local ADRs in Myanmar are sparse. Objective Our objective was to study ADRs in patients admitted to selected wards of Yangon General Hospital (YGH) and Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Myanmar. Methods This was a prospective observational study in three hospital wards during the first quarter of 2019. Suspected ADRs were carefully investigated in a face-to-face interview with each patient and via review of clinical records. Patients transferred to other wards or discharged were followed-up by the researchers until day 28 after admission. ADRs were divided into those that (1) led to the admission and (2) occurred during the hospital stay or after discharge (up to day 28 after admission). Results A total of 65 ADRs were identified, with 47 (29.4%) of 160 patients experiencing at least one ADR. Among these, 16 (24.6%) had led to hospital admission and 49 (75.4%) occurred in 31 patients during their hospital stay. Of 160 patients, 21 had taken at least one herbal remedy and six of these developed an ADR. Five ADR-drug associations (hypokalaemia with methylprednisolone, increased transaminase levels with standard antituberculosis drugs, upper gastrointestinal bleeding with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, constipation with tramadol, and increased transaminase levels with herbal remedies) represented 18 (27.7%) of the 65 ADRs in this study. According to the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, more than half of these ADRs (35 [53.9%]) were preventable. Conclusion The present study highlights the existence of ADRs among patients attending these hospitals. The implementation of active pharmacovigilance in hospitals could be a helpful first step to improving the awareness of unwanted effects of medicines and patient safety, as well as a way to strengthen the national pharmacovigilance system in countries such as Myanmar.

Research paper thumbnail of Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Tramadol Capsules in Healthy Myanmar Volunteers

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research

Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safe... more Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safety. It is widely used in Myanmar for postoperative and cancer pain control. The use of generic drugs has been steadily increasing worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Generic drugs should have efficacy and safety comparable to their innovators or other approved generic products. Objectives: This study aims to compare the bioequivalence of locally producing, Tramadol BPI® capsule (test product) with the Tramazac® capsule (reference product) in healthy Myanmar volunteers. Methods: The bioequivalence was determined in 16 healthy Myanmar volunteers after a single oral administration of 100 mg tramadol (under fasting condition) in a randomized, openlabel, two-period, and two-treatment crossover study with a two-week washout period. Blood samples were collected at specified times, and plasma tramadol concentrations were measured with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography met...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of GSTP1 polymorphism on efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide aggressive therapy in lupus nephropathy patients

Drugs & Therapy Perspectives

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in up to 60% of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (... more Background Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in up to 60% of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is a predictor of poor survival. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is regarded as the most effective immunosuppressive medication to improve survival for patients with LN. Objective This prospective hospital-based study was conducted to identify the effect of glutathione S transferase Pi-1 (GSTP1) genotypes on the efficacy and safety of CYC aggressive therapy. Methods We enrolled SLE nephropathy patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology of the 500-bed Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Yangon, Myanmar, who received CYC aggressive therapy for 6 months according to treatment guidelines for SLE patients with renal involvement. The frequencies of I/I, I/V and V/V GSTP1 genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The efficacy of CYC aggressive therapy between LN patients with wild GSTP1 (I/I) and those with polymorphic GSTP1 (I/V or V/V) genotypes was evaluated by comparing 24-h urinary protein levels and assessing the remission rates at 3 and 6 months after initiation of CYC. CYC-related myelotoxicity was assessed by reviewing complete blood picture results on the 10th day after CYC treatment. Results In total, 95 eligible patients were recruited. The frequencies of I/I, I/V and V/V GSTP1 genotypes were 54.7, 41.1 and 4.2%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months after CYC treatment, mean 24-h urinary protein had significantly decreased from baseline in both wild and polymorphic genotype groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen between the wild and polymorphic genotype groups with regard to changes in 24-h urinary protein levels, remission at 3 and 6 months or myelotoxicity. Conclusion CYC aggressive therapy had similar efficacy and caused no significant differences in myelotoxicity in wild GSTP1 (I/I) and polymorphic GSTP1 (I/V or V/V) genotypes in patients treated according to YSH guidelines for SLE patients with renal involvement.

Research paper thumbnail of Anti-hepatitis B activities of Myanmar medicinal plants: a narrative review of current evidence

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract on IgA nephropathy: a case of renal function improvement during one-and-a-half-year follow-up

Advances in Traditional Medicine

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Supplement Therapy on HCV-Related HCC: a Case Report of a Patient Who Had Undergone TACE for Six Times

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Research paper thumbnail of Ampullary Adenocarcinoma: a Mini-Review and a Case Report of a Clinically Stable Disease Patient Treated with Herbal Supplements

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publishe... more Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Research paper thumbnail of Can probiotics prevent acute radiation-induced diarrhoea among cervical cancer patients?: the result from a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study

Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society

Background: Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment of cervical cancer and the most common acute s... more Background: Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment of cervical cancer and the most common acute side effect is radiation-induced diarrhea (RID), which can affect up to 80% of patients. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics containing live Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 for the prevention of acute RID among cervical cancer patients. Methods: Patients who will undergo external beam pelvic radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy were randomized into probiotic or placebo group and was double-blinded. The probiotic group received the capsules each contains 1.75 billion lyophilized live bacteria which to be taken one capsule three times daily beginning from the first day to the end of radiotherapy and the placebo group received the identically appearing capsules containing starch with the same schedule. Every patient was given the standard dietary recommendations. The patients were assessed daily during radiotherapy and follow up weekly for 3 weeks after radiotherapy. Continuous variables were compared using the independent samples t test and categorical variables with the Chi-square test. The p-values reported were two-tailed and p < 0.05 was regarded as significance. The time-to-event variables were compared with Log Rank test and described with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Total 54 patients were analyzed. The incidence of diarrhoea was reduced in probiotic group than placebo group (53.8% and 82.1%, p < 0.05). The mild-to-moderate and severe diarrhoea were significantly reduced in probiotic group (p < 0.05). The use of loperamide as an anti-diarrhoeal medication was significantly reduced in probiotic group than placebo group (p < 0.01). The difference in grade 2 abdominal pain and episodes of abdominal pain in days were also significant (p < 0.001). But the onset of diarrhoea, interruption of radiotherapy due to diarrhoea, dose of loperamide and its onset and patients' conditions during the 3 weeks follow ups were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of probiotics containing live Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 plus Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 is an easy and effective way to reduce the incidence and severity of RID in cervical cancer patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse Drug Reactions in Selected Wards of the Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital During the First Quarter of 2019: An Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Myanmar

Drugs - Real World Outcomes

Background Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug... more Background Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but data on local ADRs in Myanmar are sparse. Objective Our objective was to study ADRs in patients admitted to selected wards of Yangon General Hospital (YGH) and Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Myanmar. Methods This was a prospective observational study in three hospital wards during the first quarter of 2019. Suspected ADRs were carefully investigated in a face-to-face interview with each patient and via review of clinical records. Patients transferred to other wards or discharged were followed-up by the researchers until day 28 after admission. ADRs were divided into those that (1) led to the admission and (2) occurred during the hospital stay or after discharge (up to day 28 after admission). Results A total of 65 ADRs were identified, with 47 (29.4%) of 160 patients experiencing at least one ADR. Among these, 16 (24.6%) had led to hospital admission and 49 (75.4%) occurred in 31 patients during their hospital stay. Of 160 patients, 21 had taken at least one herbal remedy and six of these developed an ADR. Five ADR-drug associations (hypokalaemia with methylprednisolone, increased transaminase levels with standard antituberculosis drugs, upper gastrointestinal bleeding with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, constipation with tramadol, and increased transaminase levels with herbal remedies) represented 18 (27.7%) of the 65 ADRs in this study. According to the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, more than half of these ADRs (35 [53.9%]) were preventable. Conclusion The present study highlights the existence of ADRs among patients attending these hospitals. The implementation of active pharmacovigilance in hospitals could be a helpful first step to improving the awareness of unwanted effects of medicines and patient safety, as well as a way to strengthen the national pharmacovigilance system in countries such as Myanmar.

Research paper thumbnail of Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Tramadol Capsules in Healthy Myanmar Volunteers

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research

Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safe... more Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safety. It is widely used in Myanmar for postoperative and cancer pain control. The use of generic drugs has been steadily increasing worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Generic drugs should have efficacy and safety comparable to their innovators or other approved generic products. Objectives: This study aims to compare the bioequivalence of locally producing, Tramadol BPI® capsule (test product) with the Tramazac® capsule (reference product) in healthy Myanmar volunteers. Methods: The bioequivalence was determined in 16 healthy Myanmar volunteers after a single oral administration of 100 mg tramadol (under fasting condition) in a randomized, openlabel, two-period, and two-treatment crossover study with a two-week washout period. Blood samples were collected at specified times, and plasma tramadol concentrations were measured with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography met...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of GSTP1 polymorphism on efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide aggressive therapy in lupus nephropathy patients

Drugs & Therapy Perspectives

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in up to 60% of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (... more Background Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in up to 60% of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is a predictor of poor survival. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is regarded as the most effective immunosuppressive medication to improve survival for patients with LN. Objective This prospective hospital-based study was conducted to identify the effect of glutathione S transferase Pi-1 (GSTP1) genotypes on the efficacy and safety of CYC aggressive therapy. Methods We enrolled SLE nephropathy patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology of the 500-bed Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Yangon, Myanmar, who received CYC aggressive therapy for 6 months according to treatment guidelines for SLE patients with renal involvement. The frequencies of I/I, I/V and V/V GSTP1 genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The efficacy of CYC aggressive therapy between LN patients with wild GSTP1 (I/I) and those with polymorphic GSTP1 (I/V or V/V) genotypes was evaluated by comparing 24-h urinary protein levels and assessing the remission rates at 3 and 6 months after initiation of CYC. CYC-related myelotoxicity was assessed by reviewing complete blood picture results on the 10th day after CYC treatment. Results In total, 95 eligible patients were recruited. The frequencies of I/I, I/V and V/V GSTP1 genotypes were 54.7, 41.1 and 4.2%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months after CYC treatment, mean 24-h urinary protein had significantly decreased from baseline in both wild and polymorphic genotype groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen between the wild and polymorphic genotype groups with regard to changes in 24-h urinary protein levels, remission at 3 and 6 months or myelotoxicity. Conclusion CYC aggressive therapy had similar efficacy and caused no significant differences in myelotoxicity in wild GSTP1 (I/I) and polymorphic GSTP1 (I/V or V/V) genotypes in patients treated according to YSH guidelines for SLE patients with renal involvement.