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Books by Yoana Fernanda Nieto Valdivieso

La historia del tránsito de las combatientes colombianas de las armas a la vida civil está hecha ... more La historia del tránsito de las combatientes colombianas de las armas a la vida civil está hecha de silencios. Debido a que la guerra es vista como un campo de acción masculino por excelencia, la presencia de las mujeres en los ejércitos, en los procesos de negociación de la paz y de retorno a la vida civil no ha sido contada, ni en cifras, ni en palabras. Invisibles en la guerra, ellas también han sido invisibles en la paz con todo lo que ello implica para el proceso de reelaboración personal de la experiencia armada y de retorno a la civilidad.

Contenido. Mujeres no contadas. Proceso de desmovilización y retorno a la vida civil de mujeres excombatientes en Colombia. 1990-2003
PRESENTACIÓN

CAPÍTULO 1
DE EMPUÑAR LAS ARMAS A DIALOGAR LA PAZ
Las mujeres en la guerra: ¿Una experiencia de aculturación?
La participación de las mujeres en los distintos grupos: breves trazos de una historia por armar
Las mujeres en el EPL: De colaboradores a combatientes
Las mujeres en el M-19: presentes desde su fundación
Las mujeres en el Movimiento Armado Quintín Lame: entre la igualdad de lo comunitario y el desconocimiento que las oculta
Las mujeres en la Corriente de Renovación Socialista: “una conciencia de género sin respaldo teórico”
Las amazonas “insurgentas”: caracterización general de su participación armada
La magnitud de su presencia
Presentes en los grupos, ausentes en los discursos: otros aspectos de su participación
El sentido de su experiencia armada
Las mujeres combatientes en las negociaciones y acuerdos de paz
El caso colombiano: la ausencia de las mujeres en las negociaciones de paz
Mujeres invisibles: expresiones en los distintos grupos
Razones de la exclusión de las mujeres: no es suficiente estar para ser la abolición de las diferencias

CAPÍTULO 2
RECORDANDO EL OLVIDO: DE GUERRERAS A EXCOMBATIENTES
La perspectiva de género en los procesos de desmovilización y reinserción ¿”neutralidad” u homogeneización?
De “la neutralidad de género” a “la conciencia de la diferencia”
El caso colombiano: un archivo de silencios
Lo que no se cuenta no existe: invisibles en las cifras, en la palabra y en la ley
¿Excluidas por qué?: el costo de la transgresión
Ellas en cifras
Las mujeres en las desmovilizaciones colectivas de los noventa en cifras: algunas aproximaciones
Las mujeres en las desmovilizaciones individuales: cuando las cifras empiezan a hablar
Horizontes de significación de la desmovilización y el retorno a la vida civil para las mujeres ex combatientes
Las diferencias en el proceso de reinserción: la ruptura de la igualdad
¿La paz como decepción?
De rupturas, dolores y pérdidas
De encuentros y recuperaciones
De configuraciones y reconfiguraciones como actores políticas: procesos de idsa y vuelta
Mujeres excombatientes y empoderamiento: reflexiones frente a un tema complejo
El concepto de empoderameinto
Las ganancias de las mujeres en la guerra
La sostenibilidad del empoderamiento
Silenciamiento, memorias, identidad, historia: por el derecho al pasado
De la clandestinidad en la vida armada al silenciamiento en la legalidad
¿Reinsertadas? ¿Desmovilizadas?: lenguaje y nuevos significados
La necesidad de recuperar la memoria… o de recordar el olvido

CAPÍTULO 3
ENTRE EL FUSIL Y EL OSO DE PELUCHE: UNA MIRADA A LAS NIÑAS COMBATIENTES EN COLOMBIA
Las niñas en el conflicto armado colombiano
Causas de vinculación
Tareas y responsabilidades
Violencia sexual
Maternidad y anticoncepción
Las niñas en su proceso de desmovilización y retorno a la vida civil
Tropiezos en el camino de la desvinculación formal
Reflexión final
Apéndice

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Papers by Yoana Fernanda Nieto Valdivieso

Journal of Gender Studies

This article explores the ways in which women victim/survivors of conflictrelated sexual violence... more This article explores the ways in which women victim/survivors of conflictrelated sexual violence and other human rights abuses in Colombia are co-facilitating repair and regeneration in their wider social ecologiesincluding their families, communities, built and natural environmentsthrough their physical and emotional work. I begin by exploring the concept of co-facilitation which is used in socio-ecological resilience literature to designate the process through which individuals and communities cooperate with their social ecologies to make positive development possible after stressful/traumatic experiences despite systemic inequality and oppression. Using empirical data and following a growing corpus of literature which recognises that during war people are not only harmed but also build life alongside violence, I argue that victim/survivors and women-led organizations cooperate to co-facilitate positive change in women's lives and their communities. The paper concludes by reflecting on the role of these organizations as central resources in women's lives and the need to strengthen them.

Journal of Gender Studies, 2023

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development

The article looks at women self-led organisations as embodied infrastructures supporting the live... more The article looks at women self-led organisations as embodied infrastructures supporting the lives of victim-survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Colombia. Focusing on three elements that form the concept of women as embodied infrastructures namely, i) the roles women play as mentors and role models for other women, ii) women's work in women's services, networks, and organisations, iii) radical care, I argue that women as embodied infrastructures provide important listening and learning safe-spaces where victim-survivors can regain self-love, a political understanding of their victimisation, access peer support, gain citizenship skills, and begin to heal. By enabling victims-survivors to become agents in the process of rebuilding their lives, their livelihoods, and their wider ecologies the work of these organisations promotes gender-transformative change and is central to peacebuilding and transitional justice processes.

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development , 2022

The article looks at women self-led organisations as embodied infrastructures (Clisby & Holdswort... more The article looks at women self-led organisations as embodied infrastructures (Clisby & Holdsworth, 2016) supporting the lives of victim-survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Colombia. Focusing on three elements that form the concept of women as embodied infrastructures namely, i) the roles women play as mentors and role models for other women, ii) women's work in women's services, networks, and organisations, iii) radical care, I argue that women as embodied infrastructures provide important listening and learning safe-spaces where victim-survivors can regain self-love, a political understanding of their victimization, access peer support, gain citizenship skills, and began to heal. By enabling victims-survivors to become agents in the process of rebuilding their lives, their livelihoods, and their wider ecologies the work of these organisations promotes gender-transformative change and is central for peacebuilding and transitional justice processes.

CSRS pilot questionnaire data from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda.

Journal of Gender Studies, 2016

Pleasure as an element of revolutionary struggle has been overlooked in scholarly accounts about ... more Pleasure as an element of revolutionary struggle has been overlooked in scholarly accounts about women's participation in guerrilla and politicomilitary organizations. In contexts of ongoing armed confrontation and transition from war to peace, it is also a taboo because it contravenes official accounts that expect narratives of repentance and the search for forgiveness from the ex-combatants. Furthermore, women's joy in revolutionary struggle brings into question traditional views about women's violence. In this article, I look at how happiness and joy are narrated in the stories of being members of guerrilla organizations built by Colombian female ex-combatants. I argue that in women's narrations images of poverty, scarcity, pain and the death of comrades, are accompanied by statements about the happiness of pursuing the revolutionary dream, and the joy of being a female insurgent. Women's narratives about the joy of the militancy are built around three main elements: the group as a place of affection; the guerrilla experience as a place for learning new skills and where they were recognized and valued, and the pleasure of pursuing a just cause. I discuss the narratives of women who joined guerrilla organizations in the 1970s and 1980s and laid down weapons between 1989 and 1994 in the framework of bilateral peace agreements. During the second half of the twentieth century, Latin American women and men joined the different insurgent organizations that appeared across the continent after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. 1 Colombian women were no exception; since the creation of the first guerrilla armies in the country in the 1960s, to this day, they have been members of politico-military organizations performing a wide variety of roles, among them combatant roles, a few attaining low and middle rank command positions. Today it is estimated that between 35 and 40% of active combatants of the two guerrillas still in arms in the country are women and girls (Grogg, 2012; Mercado, 2014). Due to the importance of women's participation in guerrilla organizations in Latin America (and Colombia), a diverse corpus of literature began to emerge from the 1990s onwards and continues to grow. This has explored different gendered aspects of female guerrillas experiences, from mobilization to disarmament and life beyond (

Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 23, 2011

Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 22, 2011

Postgraduate Perspectives in History, 2014

Using a Multi-Methodological Approach to Women's Lived Experiences as Female Combatants and their... more Using a Multi-Methodological Approach to Women's Lived Experiences as Female Combatants and their Return to Civilian Life Original Citation Nieto-Valdivieso, Yoana Fernanda (2014) Using a Multi-Methodological Approach to Women's Lived Experiences as Female Combatants and their Return to Civilian Life. Postgraduate Perspectives in History, 1 (1). pp. 20-37.

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Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 19, 2011

Talks by Yoana Fernanda Nieto Valdivieso

Reconciliacion Si no es ahora, cuando, 2008

MEMORIAS Reconciliación y Construcción de Confianza Cívica desde lo Local Seminario Internacional... more MEMORIAS Reconciliación y Construcción de Confianza Cívica desde lo Local Seminario Internacional Medellín, 4 al 6 de Septiembre de 2008

Contenido. Mujeres no contadas. Proceso de desmovilización y retorno a la vida civil de mujeres excombatientes en Colombia. 1990-2003
PRESENTACIÓN

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Journal of Gender Studies

Journal of Gender Studies, 2023

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development , 2022

CSRS pilot questionnaire data from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda.

Journal of Gender Studies, 2016

Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 23, 2011

Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 22, 2011

Postgraduate Perspectives in History, 2014

Due to copyright restrictions, this item cannot be share

Historia Y Sociedad, Aug 19, 2011

Reconciliacion Si no es ahora, cuando, 2008

Pleasure as an element of revolutionary militancy has been overlooked in scholarly accounts about... more Pleasure as an element of revolutionary militancy has been overlooked in scholarly accounts about women’s participation in guerrilla and politico military organizations. In contexts of ongoing armed confrontation and transition from war to peace it also a taboo. It contravenes official narratives that expect narratives of repentance and the search of forgiveness from the ex-combatants. Furthermore women’s joy in revolutionary struggle brings into question traditional views about women’s violence.
I am interested in looking at how happiness and joy are narrated and constructed on Colombian women’s ex-combatants stories of being a guerrilleras. Due to the long duration of the Colombian armed conflict I will only discuss the narratives of women who joined guerrilla organizations in the 1970s and 1980s in the framework of the Cold-War and laid down weapons during different bilateral peace agreements between the Colombian government and five guerrilla organizations between 1989 and 1994. I will focus on their description of the militancy as joy. In their accounts of being guerrilleras the images of poverty, scarcity, pain, and the death of the comrades, are accompanied by statements about the happiness of pursuing the revolutionary dream.

"Colombian women have played different roles in the country almost 60 years of armed confrontatio... more "Colombian women have played different roles in the country almost 60 years of armed confrontation. In this paper I will explore the memory archives assembled by women ex-combatants about their participation in guerrilla armies.

I will argue that Women’s memory archives of their militancia, are ‘unusual archives’, they resemble Ann Cvetkovich’s (2003) ‘trauma archives’ in which the memory of trauma is embedded not only in narrative but also in material artefacts (Cvetkovich, 2003: 8). In the paper I will look at how the archival practices and spaces: The carrier bag, the drawer, the carefully hidden pieces of paper and almost invisible objects, talk about the nature of the archives produced by women ex-combatants about their experience; and the place of their memories, voices, and stories in Colombia’s history. To some degree they also allow the different layers of silence, silencing, and ‘selected’ memories that have been used to ‘construct’ an official version of the armed conflict in the country to take shape.

I will argue that women 'archives' about their militancia respond to the necessity to preserve traumatic stories about their participation in the armed group; and the transition from armed life to civil life. The first set of narratives will focus on stories about women’s participation in Marxist-Leninist-Communist politico-military organizations in Colombia. This narratives revolt, among other topics, around intimacy, the kinship relations created by guerrilla life, and by shared experiences of imprisonment and torture. Some of them are articulated around grieving and mourning the dead comrades and the unfinished revolutionary dream. The second set of narratives, deal with the transition after the process of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration from armed live to civil life; from the corporality of the women guerrilla fighter to normalized femininity; from ‘insurgents’ to ‘dutiful’ citizens, a process attained through normalization, assimilation and repentance of their subversive identity. Both sets of stories of trauma have left ‘ephemeral and unusual traces’ due to the anti-establishment nature of subversive activity; the construction of insurgent identities as clandestine; and the continuation of the armed conflict."

The paper will focus on the narrative tropes used by six Colombian women - demobilized from the E... more The paper will focus on the narrative tropes used by six Colombian women - demobilized from the Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional (ELN) - to narrate their experiences as actors of political violence, and to make sense of it. It might be divided in two sections:
The first part is going to work as an interpretative and contextual framework. There I will look at women’s and men’s reasons for mobilizing into political violence, and the highly gendered nature of their experiences of becoming, being and leaving the armed organisation. I will also suggest that during the 1980s, as a consequence of the change in warfare strategies and the contact with the Colombian social movement, some Elenas made contact with feminist ideas and tried to introduce them into the guerrilla organization, nevertheless those women were stigmatized, ostracised, and accused of trying to divide the armed struggle.
The second part of the paper is a reflection on the ways in which women actors of political violence narrate their participation in the armed struggle. I will argue that the six women narrators used their personal narratives to construct an interpretative framework to evaluate and value their experience. As a result they created contextual narratives, in which personal events were put in relation to national and international, political and social events that allowed us to frame the analysis in three spheres: personal, local and global. I will analyse how women’s narratives of becoming, being, and leaving the armed struggle are constructed. It is important to clarify that instead of assigning a particular genre to the tellers’ accounts I consider them narrative forms. That concept is more appropriate because while genre or model encompass the notion of tidy, fixed categories and the observance of a series of rules, narrative forms acknowledge the fluidity and variety of shapes of women’ stories about their lives.

Es un análisis de texto, basado en los diarios de viaje de cuatro personajes, José Celestino Muti... more Es un análisis de texto, basado en los diarios de viaje de cuatro personajes, José Celestino Mutis, Alexander Von Humboldt, María Graham y Flora Tristan, a través de los cuales la autora indaga por la representación de Latinoamérica, que se formaron los europeos desde las vísperas hasta un poco después de los procesos de independencia. Los relatos en cuestión dan cuenta del descubrimiento de America por los viajeros.

En este libro la autora se propone analizar, desde la antropología y la etnohistoria, el efecto q... more En este libro la autora se propone analizar, desde la antropología y la etnohistoria, el efecto que tuvo la presencia femenina en las universidades, en la vida de esta primera generación de mujeres profesionales, en sus hijos y la sociedad.

Through the analysis of the personal narratives of six Colombian former guerrilleras, from the gu... more Through the analysis of the personal narratives of six Colombian former guerrilleras, from the guerrilla army Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional (Army of National Liberation, ELN), around becoming part of a guerrilla army, being guerrilleras, and leaving the armed struggle, the dissertation aimed to contribute to the development of the field of feminist scholarship on women’s participation in political violence, and gender and revolution theory. The dissertation draws on analysis of women’s experiences as guerrilla members in other Latin American contexts (mainly Central America) and in Colombia, in order to show that although women’s and men’s reasons for mobilizing into political violence were similar, their experiences of becoming, being and leaving the armed organisation are highly gendered. It also suggests that although the ELN, a first generation guerrilla army, introduced some of the new warfare strategies that characterized second generation guerrillas in Latin America, and although women’s mobilization into the ELN grew dramatically at the end of the 1970s and continued to grow in the 1980s, the ELN was unable to introduce women’s interests and necessities into its political agenda. The dissertation also analysed how during the 1980s, as a consequence of the change in warfare strategies and the contact with the Colombian social movement, some Elenas made contact with feminist ideas and tried to introduce them into the guerrilla organization, nevertheless those women were stigmatized, ostracised, and accused of trying to divide the armed struggle. I will centred my presentation in the last chapter of the dissertation were I analyse women’s expereriences of Becoming guerrilla combatants, Being part of guerrilla army, and Leaving the armed struggle.