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Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan

In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated w... more In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated with an emphasis on the parasite Plasmodium in passerine birds. Birds caught and banded by mist-netters were sampled for blood and recorded by species, net number, sex, age, and swab number. The total prevalence of blood parasites in the samples was 23.8%. Birds caught at the CEMA banding site had the highest prevalence of malarial infection, and the birds of the NOMA banding site had the lowest. Mann-Whitney Tests resulted in two-tailed p-values of 0.001, .0762, and 0.003 for comparisons of prevalence between NOMA and CEMA, CEMA and SOMA, and NOMA and SOMA, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis Tests regarding bird age, location and families resulted in p-values of 0.259, 0.004, and 0.009, respectively. Tests for sex showed no significant differences between prevalence of infection in male and female hosts.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55127/1/3572.pdfDescription of 3572.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station

Research paper thumbnail of Overview and Methods for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System — United States, 2019

MMWR Supplements, 2020

Health risk behaviors practiced during adolescence often persist into adulthood and contribute to... more Health risk behaviors practiced during adolescence often persist into adulthood and contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Youth health behavior data at the national, state, territorial, tribal, and local levels help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to promote adolescent health. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) is the largest public health surveillance system in the United States, monitoring a broad range of health-related behaviors among high school students. YRBSS includes a nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and separate state, local school district, territorial, and tribal school-based YRBSs. This overview report describes the surveillance system and the 2019 survey methodology, including sampling, data collection procedures, response rates, data processing, weighting, and analyses presented in this MMWR Supplement. A 2019 YRBS participation map, survey response rates, and student demographic characteristics are included. In 2019, a total of 78 YRBSs were administered to high school student populations across the United States (national and 44 states, 28 local school districts, three territories, and two tribal governments), the greatest number of participating sites with representative data since the surveillance system was established in 1991. The nine reports in this MMWR Supplement are based on national YRBS data collected during August 2018-June 2019. A full description of 2019 YRBS results and downloadable data are available (https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm). Efforts to improve YRBSS and related data are ongoing and include updating reliability testing for the national questionnaire, transitioning to electronic survey administration (e.g., pilot testing for a tablet platform), and exploring innovative analytic methods to stratify data by school-level socioeconomic status and geographic location. Stakeholders and public health practitioners can use YRBS data (comparable across national, state, tribal, territorial, and local jurisdictions) to estimate the prevalence of healthrelated behaviors among different student groups, identify student risk behaviors, monitor health behavior trends, guide public health interventions, and track progress toward national health objectives.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9-12 - United States and Selected Sites, 2015

Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002), Aug 12, 2016

Sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts can both be used to identify sexual minority youth. Si... more Sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts can both be used to identify sexual minority youth. Significant health disparities exist between sexual minority and nonsexual minority youth. However, not enough is known about health-related behaviors that contribute to negative health outcomes among sexual minority youth and how the prevalence of these health-related behaviors compare with the prevalence of health-related behaviors among nonsexual minorities. September 2014-December 2015. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-related behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obes...

Research paper thumbnail of University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Forum, Issue 4, Winter 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-United States, 1995

Journal of School Health, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan

In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated w... more In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated with an emphasis on the parasite Plasmodium in passerine birds. Birds caught and banded by mist-netters were sampled for blood and recorded by species, net number, sex, age, and swab number. The total prevalence of blood parasites in the samples was 23.8%. Birds caught at the CEMA banding site had the highest prevalence of malarial infection, and the birds of the NOMA banding site had the lowest. Mann-Whitney Tests resulted in two-tailed p-values of 0.001, .0762, and 0.003 for comparisons of prevalence between NOMA and CEMA, CEMA and SOMA, and NOMA and SOMA, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis Tests regarding bird age, location and families resulted in p-values of 0.259, 0.004, and 0.009, respectively. Tests for sex showed no significant differences between prevalence of infection in male and female hosts.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55127/1/3572.pdfDescription of 3572.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom diversity and community structure along a thermal gradient in the Maple River of northern Michigan

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCh, 2006

The effects of temperature on diatom diversity and community structure were investigated along a ... more The effects of temperature on diatom diversity and community structure were investigated along a naturally occurring thermal gradient (9-19 °C) in the Maple River, Pellston, Michigan, USA, by allowing diatoms to accumulate on artificial substrates placed at 2-m intervals along a 14 m transect between 07 and 22 July 2006. Diatom species composition was examined and total species richness, relative abundance, and the Shannon-Weiner species diversity index were calculated. A Z-test showed a significant difference in mean species richness between sites 0 and 8 m, 8 and 14 m, and 0 and 14 m. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices calculated for 0 m, 8 m, and 14 m showed no increase in species diversity along the gradient. Other factors such as water chemistry, light intensity, pH, or water velocity most likely influenced species diversity and composition. As temperature increased, species richness also increased but species diversity did not.

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life Among Asian American Youth

The aims of the present study were to examine whether Asian American youth experience disparities... more The aims of the present study were to examine whether Asian American youth experience disparities in quality of life (QL) compared with Hispanic, African American, and white youth in the general population and to what extent socioeconomic status (SES) mediates any disparities among these racial/ethnic groups. Data were obtained from the Healthy Passages study, in which 4,972 Asian American (148; 3%), Hispanic (1,813; 36%), African American (1,755; 35%), and white (1,256; 25%) fifth-graders were enrolled in a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Youth reported their own QL using the PedsQL and supplemental scales. Parents reported youth's overall health status as well as parent's education and household income level. Asian American youth experienced worse status than white youth for three of 10 QL and well-being measures, better status than Hispanic youth on six measures, and better status than African American youth on three measures. However, the observed advantages for Asian American youth over Hispanic and African American youth disappeared when the marked SES differences that are also present among these racial/ethnic groups were taken into account. In contrast, the differences between Asian American and white youth remained after adjusting for SES. These findings suggest that the disparities in QL that favor white youth over Asian American youth exist independent of SES and warrant further examination. In contrast, the QL differences that favor Asian American over Hispanic and African American youth may be partly explained by SES. Interpretations are limited by the heterogeneity existing among Asian Americans.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan

In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated w... more In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated with an emphasis on the parasite Plasmodium in passerine birds. Birds caught and banded by mist-netters were sampled for blood and recorded by species, net number, sex, age, and swab number. The total prevalence of blood parasites in the samples was 23.8%. Birds caught at the CEMA banding site had the highest prevalence of malarial infection, and the birds of the NOMA banding site had the lowest. Mann-Whitney Tests resulted in two-tailed p-values of 0.001, .0762, and 0.003 for comparisons of prevalence between NOMA and CEMA, CEMA and SOMA, and NOMA and SOMA, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis Tests regarding bird age, location and families resulted in p-values of 0.259, 0.004, and 0.009, respectively. Tests for sex showed no significant differences between prevalence of infection in male and female hosts.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55127/1/3572.pdfDescription of 3572.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station

Research paper thumbnail of Overview and Methods for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System — United States, 2019

MMWR Supplements, 2020

Health risk behaviors practiced during adolescence often persist into adulthood and contribute to... more Health risk behaviors practiced during adolescence often persist into adulthood and contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Youth health behavior data at the national, state, territorial, tribal, and local levels help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to promote adolescent health. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) is the largest public health surveillance system in the United States, monitoring a broad range of health-related behaviors among high school students. YRBSS includes a nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and separate state, local school district, territorial, and tribal school-based YRBSs. This overview report describes the surveillance system and the 2019 survey methodology, including sampling, data collection procedures, response rates, data processing, weighting, and analyses presented in this MMWR Supplement. A 2019 YRBS participation map, survey response rates, and student demographic characteristics are included. In 2019, a total of 78 YRBSs were administered to high school student populations across the United States (national and 44 states, 28 local school districts, three territories, and two tribal governments), the greatest number of participating sites with representative data since the surveillance system was established in 1991. The nine reports in this MMWR Supplement are based on national YRBS data collected during August 2018-June 2019. A full description of 2019 YRBS results and downloadable data are available (https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/index.htm). Efforts to improve YRBSS and related data are ongoing and include updating reliability testing for the national questionnaire, transitioning to electronic survey administration (e.g., pilot testing for a tablet platform), and exploring innovative analytic methods to stratify data by school-level socioeconomic status and geographic location. Stakeholders and public health practitioners can use YRBS data (comparable across national, state, tribal, territorial, and local jurisdictions) to estimate the prevalence of healthrelated behaviors among different student groups, identify student risk behaviors, monitor health behavior trends, guide public health interventions, and track progress toward national health objectives.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9-12 - United States and Selected Sites, 2015

Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002), Aug 12, 2016

Sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts can both be used to identify sexual minority youth. Si... more Sexual identity and sex of sexual contacts can both be used to identify sexual minority youth. Significant health disparities exist between sexual minority and nonsexual minority youth. However, not enough is known about health-related behaviors that contribute to negative health outcomes among sexual minority youth and how the prevalence of these health-related behaviors compare with the prevalence of health-related behaviors among nonsexual minorities. September 2014-December 2015. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-related behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obes...

Research paper thumbnail of University of Michigan Undergraduate Research Forum, Issue 4, Winter 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-United States, 1995

Journal of School Health, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan

In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated w... more In this study, the prevalence of Haemosporidians in birds of Northern Michigan was investigated with an emphasis on the parasite Plasmodium in passerine birds. Birds caught and banded by mist-netters were sampled for blood and recorded by species, net number, sex, age, and swab number. The total prevalence of blood parasites in the samples was 23.8%. Birds caught at the CEMA banding site had the highest prevalence of malarial infection, and the birds of the NOMA banding site had the lowest. Mann-Whitney Tests resulted in two-tailed p-values of 0.001, .0762, and 0.003 for comparisons of prevalence between NOMA and CEMA, CEMA and SOMA, and NOMA and SOMA, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis Tests regarding bird age, location and families resulted in p-values of 0.259, 0.004, and 0.009, respectively. Tests for sex showed no significant differences between prevalence of infection in male and female hosts.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55127/1/3572.pdfDescription of 3572.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station

Research paper thumbnail of Diatom diversity and community structure along a thermal gradient in the Maple River of northern Michigan

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCh, 2006

The effects of temperature on diatom diversity and community structure were investigated along a ... more The effects of temperature on diatom diversity and community structure were investigated along a naturally occurring thermal gradient (9-19 °C) in the Maple River, Pellston, Michigan, USA, by allowing diatoms to accumulate on artificial substrates placed at 2-m intervals along a 14 m transect between 07 and 22 July 2006. Diatom species composition was examined and total species richness, relative abundance, and the Shannon-Weiner species diversity index were calculated. A Z-test showed a significant difference in mean species richness between sites 0 and 8 m, 8 and 14 m, and 0 and 14 m. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices calculated for 0 m, 8 m, and 14 m showed no increase in species diversity along the gradient. Other factors such as water chemistry, light intensity, pH, or water velocity most likely influenced species diversity and composition. As temperature increased, species richness also increased but species diversity did not.

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of Life Among Asian American Youth

The aims of the present study were to examine whether Asian American youth experience disparities... more The aims of the present study were to examine whether Asian American youth experience disparities in quality of life (QL) compared with Hispanic, African American, and white youth in the general population and to what extent socioeconomic status (SES) mediates any disparities among these racial/ethnic groups. Data were obtained from the Healthy Passages study, in which 4,972 Asian American (148; 3%), Hispanic (1,813; 36%), African American (1,755; 35%), and white (1,256; 25%) fifth-graders were enrolled in a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Youth reported their own QL using the PedsQL and supplemental scales. Parents reported youth's overall health status as well as parent's education and household income level. Asian American youth experienced worse status than white youth for three of 10 QL and well-being measures, better status than Hispanic youth on six measures, and better status than African American youth on three measures. However, the observed advantages for Asian American youth over Hispanic and African American youth disappeared when the marked SES differences that are also present among these racial/ethnic groups were taken into account. In contrast, the differences between Asian American and white youth remained after adjusting for SES. These findings suggest that the disparities in QL that favor white youth over Asian American youth exist independent of SES and warrant further examination. In contrast, the QL differences that favor Asian American over Hispanic and African American youth may be partly explained by SES. Interpretations are limited by the heterogeneity existing among Asian Americans.