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Research paper thumbnail of Barriers and Factors Affecting E-commerce Utilization of Thai Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Food and Beverage and Retail Services

Barriers and Factors Affecting E-commerce Utilization of Thai Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Food and Beverage and Retail Services

Global Business Review, 2021

E-commerce is deemed as the next potential source of growth for Thailand, but small and medium-si... more E-commerce is deemed as the next potential source of growth for Thailand, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are still behind in their utilization of e-commerce. This article uses the decision-makers, technological, organizational and environmental (DTOE) framework to examine the key e-commerce barriers and determinants in e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs based on a survey of retail and food and beverage (F&B) service establishments in metropolitan Bangkok. This study aims to fill the research gap by examining the types of barriers that hinder e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs in the F&B and retail services, as well as their key determinants. Unlike e-commerce adoption, e-commerce utilization can capture the full range of e-commerce engagement. The survey’s findings indicate that organizational barriers significantly inhibit e-commerce utilization. Estimations from the structural equation modelling (SEM) show that exports, e-commerce tools, government support, and in...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia

The impact of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia

Journal of Economic Studies, 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth us... more PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth using data for Asian economies covering the period 1960–2020. Other factors affecting economic growth, such as human capital, are also considered.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effects model and a fixed-effects model with endogenous covariates are used to examine a dynamic demographic model covering different age cohorts (i.e. youth-age, working-age and old-age populations) and other factors impacting economic growth.FindingsThe working-age population share, the labour force relative to the working-age population and growth of the actively employed population have significant and positive impacts on economic growth. Population growth and the youth-age population share exert a significant and negative impact on economic growth. A second and silver demographic dividend is found arising from a significant and positive association between the old-age population and economic growth. Human c...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying technical inefficiency factors for Thai manufacturing small enterprises

Identifying technical inefficiency factors for Thai manufacturing small enterprises

Research paper thumbnail of Technical efficiency performance of Thai listed manufacturing enterprises

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring technical inefficiency factors for Thai listed manufacturing enterprises: A stochastic frontier (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA)

This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict fir... more This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict firm technical efficiency and analyse an inefficiency effects model for overall Thai listed manufacturing sector enterprises including sub-listed manufacturing sector enterprises using an unbalanced panel data for 178 Thai listed manufacturing enterprises over the period 2000 to 2008. Both estimation approaches are found to produce consistent results for overall Thai listed manufacturing sector enterprises. For sub-listed manufacturing sector enterprises both approaches empirically find quite consistent results in coefficient signs, but significance results from both estimation approaches may be different. Focusing on overall Thai listed enterprises both approaches suggest that leverage (financial constraints), executive remuneration, managerial ownership, exports, some types of listed firms (i.e., family-owned firm, foreign-owned firm, and hybrid-owned firm), and firm size have a negative (positive) and significant effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency).The empirical results obtained from both approaches also suggest that liquidity, external financing, and research & development (R&D) have a significantly positive (negative) effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency)"

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying and Measuring Technical Inefficiency Factors:Evidence from Unbalanced Panel Data for Thai Listed Manufacturing Enterprises

This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict fir... more This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict firm technical efficiency and analyse an inefficiency effects model. Aggregate translog stochastic frontier production functions are estimated under the SFA approach using an unbalanced panel data of 178 Thai manufacturing enterprises listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), covering the period 2000 to 2008. The maximum-likelihood Tobit model is used to conduct the second-stage of the two-stage DEA model to investigate the relationship between technical inefficiency and environmental variables. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches are found to produce consistent results. The empirical evidence from both approaches highlight that Thai listed manufacturing firms had been operating under decreasing returns to scale over the period 2000 to 2008. The SFA approach reports that technical progress decreased over time, and relied on labour input. Both estimation approaches suggest that leverage (financial constraints), executive remuneration, managerial ownership, exports, some types of listed firms (i.e., family-owned firm and foreign-owned firm), and firm size have a negative (positive) and significant effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency). The empirical results obtained from both approaches also suggest that liquidity, external financing, and research & development (R&D) have a significantly positive (negative) effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency)"

Research paper thumbnail of Factors affecting the technical inefficiency of Thai manufacturing and exporting small and medium sized enterprises: A stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)

Factors affecting the technical inefficiency of Thai manufacturing and exporting small and medium sized enterprises: A stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)

Research paper thumbnail of Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprise technical efficiency: Evidence from firm-level industrial census data

Journal of Asian Economics, 2013

Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) face intense competition in domestic... more Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) face intense competition in domestic and foreign markets. Given their importance to the economic development of the country it is important to have a clear understanding of their readiness to face the rigors of international competition, including the barriers and specific problems that they face. This study uses a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and technical inefficiency effects model to analyze the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing SMEs and key factors impacting upon it. Analysis of cross-sectional data from a 2007 census of Thai manufacturing SMEs indicates that their weighted average technical efficiency is approximately 50 percent, signifying a high level of technical inefficiency which is reducing potential output. The inefficiency effects model reveals that firm size, firm age, skilled labor, ownership characteristics and location are firm-specific factors that significantly affect the technical inefficiency of production. Key measures to improve the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing SMEs are an adequate supply of inputs, access to credit facilities, extensive infrastructural development and training programs for employees.

Research paper thumbnail of Barriers and Factors Affecting E-commerce Utilization of Thai Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Food and Beverage and Retail Services

Barriers and Factors Affecting E-commerce Utilization of Thai Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Food and Beverage and Retail Services

Global Business Review, 2021

E-commerce is deemed as the next potential source of growth for Thailand, but small and medium-si... more E-commerce is deemed as the next potential source of growth for Thailand, but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are still behind in their utilization of e-commerce. This article uses the decision-makers, technological, organizational and environmental (DTOE) framework to examine the key e-commerce barriers and determinants in e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs based on a survey of retail and food and beverage (F&B) service establishments in metropolitan Bangkok. This study aims to fill the research gap by examining the types of barriers that hinder e-commerce utilization by Thai SMEs in the F&B and retail services, as well as their key determinants. Unlike e-commerce adoption, e-commerce utilization can capture the full range of e-commerce engagement. The survey’s findings indicate that organizational barriers significantly inhibit e-commerce utilization. Estimations from the structural equation modelling (SEM) show that exports, e-commerce tools, government support, and in...

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia

The impact of demographic structure, human capital, migration and environmental degradation on economic growth in Asia

Journal of Economic Studies, 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth us... more PurposeThis study investigates the impact of demographic structural changes on economic growth using data for Asian economies covering the period 1960–2020. Other factors affecting economic growth, such as human capital, are also considered.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effects model and a fixed-effects model with endogenous covariates are used to examine a dynamic demographic model covering different age cohorts (i.e. youth-age, working-age and old-age populations) and other factors impacting economic growth.FindingsThe working-age population share, the labour force relative to the working-age population and growth of the actively employed population have significant and positive impacts on economic growth. Population growth and the youth-age population share exert a significant and negative impact on economic growth. A second and silver demographic dividend is found arising from a significant and positive association between the old-age population and economic growth. Human c...

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying technical inefficiency factors for Thai manufacturing small enterprises

Identifying technical inefficiency factors for Thai manufacturing small enterprises

Research paper thumbnail of Technical efficiency performance of Thai listed manufacturing enterprises

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring technical inefficiency factors for Thai listed manufacturing enterprises: A stochastic frontier (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA)

This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict fir... more This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict firm technical efficiency and analyse an inefficiency effects model for overall Thai listed manufacturing sector enterprises including sub-listed manufacturing sector enterprises using an unbalanced panel data for 178 Thai listed manufacturing enterprises over the period 2000 to 2008. Both estimation approaches are found to produce consistent results for overall Thai listed manufacturing sector enterprises. For sub-listed manufacturing sector enterprises both approaches empirically find quite consistent results in coefficient signs, but significance results from both estimation approaches may be different. Focusing on overall Thai listed enterprises both approaches suggest that leverage (financial constraints), executive remuneration, managerial ownership, exports, some types of listed firms (i.e., family-owned firm, foreign-owned firm, and hybrid-owned firm), and firm size have a negative (positive) and significant effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency).The empirical results obtained from both approaches also suggest that liquidity, external financing, and research & development (R&D) have a significantly positive (negative) effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency)"

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying and Measuring Technical Inefficiency Factors:Evidence from Unbalanced Panel Data for Thai Listed Manufacturing Enterprises

This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict fir... more This study employs stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and two-stage DEA approaches to predict firm technical efficiency and analyse an inefficiency effects model. Aggregate translog stochastic frontier production functions are estimated under the SFA approach using an unbalanced panel data of 178 Thai manufacturing enterprises listed in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), covering the period 2000 to 2008. The maximum-likelihood Tobit model is used to conduct the second-stage of the two-stage DEA model to investigate the relationship between technical inefficiency and environmental variables. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches are found to produce consistent results. The empirical evidence from both approaches highlight that Thai listed manufacturing firms had been operating under decreasing returns to scale over the period 2000 to 2008. The SFA approach reports that technical progress decreased over time, and relied on labour input. Both estimation approaches suggest that leverage (financial constraints), executive remuneration, managerial ownership, exports, some types of listed firms (i.e., family-owned firm and foreign-owned firm), and firm size have a negative (positive) and significant effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency). The empirical results obtained from both approaches also suggest that liquidity, external financing, and research & development (R&D) have a significantly positive (negative) effect on technical inefficiency (technical efficiency)"

Research paper thumbnail of Factors affecting the technical inefficiency of Thai manufacturing and exporting small and medium sized enterprises: A stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)

Factors affecting the technical inefficiency of Thai manufacturing and exporting small and medium sized enterprises: A stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)

Research paper thumbnail of Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprise technical efficiency: Evidence from firm-level industrial census data

Journal of Asian Economics, 2013

Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) face intense competition in domestic... more Thai manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) face intense competition in domestic and foreign markets. Given their importance to the economic development of the country it is important to have a clear understanding of their readiness to face the rigors of international competition, including the barriers and specific problems that they face. This study uses a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and technical inefficiency effects model to analyze the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing SMEs and key factors impacting upon it. Analysis of cross-sectional data from a 2007 census of Thai manufacturing SMEs indicates that their weighted average technical efficiency is approximately 50 percent, signifying a high level of technical inefficiency which is reducing potential output. The inefficiency effects model reveals that firm size, firm age, skilled labor, ownership characteristics and location are firm-specific factors that significantly affect the technical inefficiency of production. Key measures to improve the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing SMEs are an adequate supply of inputs, access to credit facilities, extensive infrastructural development and training programs for employees.