Yuan Yuan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Yuan Yuan
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
The Markov decision process (MDP) provides a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decis... more The Markov decision process (MDP) provides a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision-making problems, many of which are crucial to security and safety, such as autonomous driving and robot control. The rapid development of artificial intelligence research has created efficient methods for solving MDPs, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), reinforcement learning (RL), and imitation learning (IL). However, these popular models for solving MDPs are neither thoroughly tested nor rigorously reliable. We present MDPFuzz, the first blackbox fuzz testing framework for models solving MDPs. MDPFuzz forms testing oracles by checking whether the target model enters abnormal and dangerous states. During fuzzing, MDPFuzz decides which mutated state to retain by measuring if it can reduce cumulative rewards or form a new state sequence. We design efficient techniques to quantify the "freshness" of a state sequence using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and dynamic expectation-maximization (DynEM). We also prioritize states with high potential of revealing crashes by estimating the local sensitivity of target models over states. MDPFuzz is evaluated on five state-of-the-art models for solving MDPs, including supervised DNN, RL, IL, and multi-agent RL. Our evaluation includes scenarios of autonomous driving, aircraft collision avoidance, and two games that are often used to benchmark RL. During a 12-hour run, we find over 80 crash-triggering state sequences on each model. We show inspiring findings that crash-triggering states, though look normal, induce distinct neuron activation patterns compared with normal states. We further develop an abnormal behavior detector to harden all the evaluated models and repair them with the findings of MDPFuzz to significantly enhance their robustness without sacrificing accuracy.
arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 3, 2021
Various deep neural network (DNN) coverage criteria have been proposed to assess DNN test inputs ... more Various deep neural network (DNN) coverage criteria have been proposed to assess DNN test inputs and steer input mutations. The coverage is characterized via neurons having certain outputs, or the discrepancy between neuron outputs. Nevertheless, recent research indicates that neuron coverage criteria show little correlation with test suite quality. In general, DNNs approximate distributions, by incorporating hierarchical layers, to make predictions for inputs. Thus, we champion to deduce DNN behaviors based on its approximated distributions from a layer perspective. A test suite should be assessed using its induced layer output distributions. Accordingly, to fully examine DNN behaviors, input mutation should be directed toward diversifying the approximated distributions. This paper summarizes eight design requirements for DNN coverage criteria, taking into account distribution properties and practical concerns. We then propose a new criterion, NEURAL COVERAGE (NLC), that satisfies all design requirements. NLC treats a single DNN layer as the basic computational unit (rather than a single neuron) and captures four critical properties of neuron output distributions. Thus, NLC accurately describes how DNNs comprehend inputs via approximated distributions. We demonstrate that NLC is significantly correlated with the diversity of a test suite across a number of tasks (classification and generation) and data formats (image and text). Its capacity to discover DNN prediction errors is promising. Test input mutation guided by NLC results in a greater quality and diversity of exposed erroneous behaviors.
Holography, Diffractive Optics, and Applications VIII, 2018
Digital holographic diffraction tomography combines digital holography with optical diffraction t... more Digital holographic diffraction tomography combines digital holography with optical diffraction tomography. According to the Fourier diffraction theory, the spectrum information is unevenly distributed on a Ewald sphere, and most of these data cannot exactly locate on the 3D matrix points. To solve this problem, a single assignment based nearest neighbor interpolation method is proposed. Firstly, the points to be interpolated are chosen on the 3D matrix. For each angle, a search scope is confirmed by two spheres with a radius R (k0-0.5< R <k0+0.5), where k0 is the radius of Ewald sphere. Then, the point on the 3D matrix is assigned by the value of the nearest neighbor point within this scope. After the assignment of the frequency information for all the angles, the object function is obtained by 3D inverse Fourier transform. In order to verify the feasibility of this method, a digital holographic diffraction tomography system is built. The 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of a microsphere with known RI 1.4607 is measured. Comparing with the conventional nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm, the relative error is reduced from 0.51% to 0.36%. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can improve the reconstruction accuracy for diffraction tomography.
System side channels denote effects imposed on the underlying system and hardware when running a ... more System side channels denote effects imposed on the underlying system and hardware when running a program, such as its accessed CPU cache lines. Side channel analysis (SCA) allows attackers to infer program secrets based on observed side channel logs. Given the ever-growing adoption of machine learning as a service (MLaaS), image analysis software on cloud platforms has been exploited by reconstructing private user images from system side channels. Nevertheless, to date, SCA is still highly challenging, requiring technical knowledge of victim software's internal operations. For existing SCA attacks, comprehending such internal operations requires heavyweight program analysis or manual efforts. This research proposes an attack framework to reconstruct private user images processed by media software via system side channels. The framework forms an effective workflow by incorporating convolutional networks, variational autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks. Our evaluation of two popular side channels shows that the reconstructed images consistently match user inputs, making privacy leakage attacks more practical. We also show surprising results that even one-bit data read/write pattern side channels, which are deemed minimally informative, can be used to reconstruct quality images using our framework.
The properties of materials such as corrosion, creep resistance, and weld ability are relevant to... more The properties of materials such as corrosion, creep resistance, and weld ability are relevant to special and random grain boundaries which belongs to the category of Grain Boundary Engineering (GBE). Recently, failures of transformers and reactors due to corrosive sulfur compounds in transformer oil is reported in literatures. This article takes paper oil insulation system as the research object, using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) study the grain boundaries of copper conductor in insulating oil containing dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS), and the features corrosion pits. For paper insulation, the breakdown voltage and the microstructure of paper were presented. The paper insulation produced plenty of substances, such as metallic particles and fiber, water, dissolved gas, furfuraldehyde, dissolving in oil during the thermal aging. To gain further insight into the involvement of dielectric properties of insulation oils, ion mobility was tested through the approach by reversal pol...
Journal of Controlled Release, 2021
As most of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced in the mitochondria, mitochond... more As most of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced in the mitochondria, mitochondrial modulation of cancer cell is a promising strategy for maximizing the in situ-activable combination therapy of oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy. Herein, a serum-stable polymer‑calcium phosphate (CaP) hybrid nanocapsule carrying siRNA against ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) overexpressed in cancer cells and parent drug camptothecin (CPT), designated as PTkCPT/siRNA, was developed for the RNAi-induced oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy. A copolymer of mPEG-P(Asp-co-TkCPT), covalently tethered with chemotherapeutic CPT via a ROS-labile dithioketal (Tk) linker, was synthesized and self-assembled into a PTkCPT micelle as a nanotemplate for the CaP mineralization. The as-prepared PTkCPT/siRNA nanoparticle showed a core-shell-distinct nanocapsule which was consisted of a spherical polymeric core enclosed within a CaP shell capable of releasing siRNA in response to lysosomal acidity. Blocking Arf6 signal pathway of cancer cells led to their mitochondrial aggregation and subsequently induced a burst of ROS for oxidative catastrophe, which further triggered the cascaded CPT chemotherapy via the breakage of ROS-labile dithioketal linker. This strategy of RNAi-induced oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy resulted in a significant combination effect on cancer cell killing and tumor growth inhibition in mice with low side effects, and provided a promising paradigm for precise cancer therapy.
Fuel, 2020
Using proper diesel brand is the key to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine. It is even ... more Using proper diesel brand is the key to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine. It is even more important to identify the brands of diesel oil effectively. This paper presented a new model of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) identification of diesel oil brands that combined Tree-based feature selection, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ensemble learning in order to achieve the goal of high accuracy and rapidity. To further demonstrate the practical effect of the proposed ensemble method, it was compared with a single decision tree (DT) classifier based on classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm. As a result, the recognition rate of Tree-SMOTE-XGBoost model proposed in this paper was 19.33% higher than that of XGBoost model, and 9.25% higher than that of Tree-SMOTE-DT model. More importantly, it can ensure the accuracy of each class under the premise of serious imbalance of classes. The proposed method saves manpower and material resources, and provides a new alternative approach for diesel brands identification.
Biomaterials Science, 2021
The preclinical and clinical developments of non-viral carrier-based gene therapy for pancreatic ... more The preclinical and clinical developments of non-viral carrier-based gene therapy for pancreatic cancer are summarized. The clinical trials discussed provide a valuable framework for translation of gene therapy research into clinical practice.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2020
Theranostic nanosystem has been demonstrated great potential in real-timely monitoring drug biodi... more Theranostic nanosystem has been demonstrated great potential in real-timely monitoring drug biodistribution and therapeutic response. It is still a challenge to fabricate a theranostic nanosystem that possesses the properties of good biocompatibility, a high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity, and stimuli-responsive drug release for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, a pH-responsive micelle, which was self-assembled from biodegradable poly(amino acid) block copolymer mPEG-PAsp(DIP)-co-PLLeu, was constructed to load both chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (PTX) and MRI contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs/PTX-coloaded PDPL micelle (SPIONs/PTX-PDPL) had a hydrodynamic particle size of 134.5 ± 11.2 nm. The theranostic SPIONs/PTX-PDPL not only effectively delivered PTX and SPION into Bel-7402 cancer cells but also rapidly released PTX in acidic lysosome to induce cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, in vitro MR imaging sensitively detected the liver cancer cells after co-incubation with SPIONs/PTX-PDPL micelle. The SPIONs/PTX-PDPL micelle is a potential theranostic nanosystem in terms of the simultaneous chemotherapy and MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019
Pesticides are among the most widespread organic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this wo... more Pesticides are among the most widespread organic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this work, a new green fluorescence application was proposed for the simultaneous determination of four widely employed pesticides in environmental water samples. To overcome the highly overlapped spectra within the analytes, and with the tissue matrix interferences in complex solutions, we have used the multivariate calibration methods such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and unfolded partial least squares coupled to residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL). These four pesticides can be identified simultaneously, and the correlation coefficients between resolved and actual spectra are all above 0.95. The second-order advantage allowed the determination of four pesticides at the ng mL-1 level, even in the presence of humic acid (HA). The best results were obtained with the limits of detection of 1.72-18.69 for Carbendazim (CBZ), 0.30-5.19 for carbaryl (CAR), 0.35-6.32 for chlorothalonil (CHL), and 4.92-29.96 for tsumacide (TSU) (ng mL-1), which can fully meet the quantitative detection and analysis requirements of trace pesticides in water samples. The real water sample of Bohai Seawater was used to check the performance of this approach in practical applications, which have achieved good prediction results of U-PLS/RBL. This study demonstrated the proposed method is rapid, accurate, sensitive, low detection limit, and environmentally friendly to determinate multi-pesticide residues in environmental water samples.
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019
A novel fluorescence application for simultaneous determination of two common fungicide pesticide... more A novel fluorescence application for simultaneous determination of two common fungicide pesticides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) in peanut oil is presented. Using the strategy of combining excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence with three-way calibration methods, the proposed approach successfully achieved quantitative analysis of carbendazim and chlorothalonil pesticide residues in peanut oil, even with highly overlapped spectra. It needs little preparation, using "mathematical separation" instead of "analytical separation" to achieve concentration prediction of target analytes in complex systems. Each analyte was performed using fluorescence spectroscopy after instrument spectral correction and scatter removal. Then the data were modeled with two three-way calibration algorithms, including alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD). The results indicated that APTLD performed slightly better than ATLD for this system. The carbendazim and chlorothalonil can be recognized simultaneously with the correlation coefficients all above 0.96 between resolved spectra and actual spectra. Satisfactory results have been achieved with the average recoveries (mean ± standard deviation) of carbendazim and chlorothalonil being 100.2 ± 6.7 % and 99.7 ± 6.7 %, respectively. Moreover, as for carbendazim and chlorothalonil, the sensitivity (SENs) are 1.50×10 2 and 3.80×10 2 mL ng-1 , the limits of detection (LODs) are 11 ng mL −1 and 4.3 ng mL −1 , the limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 33.33 ng mL −1 and 13.03 ng mL −1 , respectively. The above results demonstrated that the proposed method is sensitive, fast and accurate for direct quantitative analysis of multiple pesticide residues in complex matrix such as that of peanut oil.
Analytical Methods, 2019
MicroRNA-378 (miRNA-378) is widely regarded as a novel noninvasive serum biomarker for early dete... more MicroRNA-378 (miRNA-378) is widely regarded as a novel noninvasive serum biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer.
Measurement, 2019
A new approach for discrimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment was p... more A new approach for discrimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment was proposed based on fluorescence coupled with CS-SVM. Two groups of experiments were carried out on PAHs with similar spectra. The first one was PAHs any two among benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The second one was naphthalene (NAP) and fluorene (FLU) with similar spectra. The BaP-BkF mixture, BaP-BbF mixture and BbF-BkF mixture with similar fluorescence properties, cuckoo search algorithm (CS) optimizing support vector machine (SVM) was used to discriminate these three mixtures. By comparison with the basic grid search algorithm (GS), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) optimizing SVM, it was found that fitting degree of CS was the best and the convergence speed was also the fastest. The test sample classification accuracy of CS-SVM can reach 100%, which was higher than that of GS-SVM, GA-SVM and PSO-SVM. In order to verify the validity of the proposed approach, all the above methods were applied to discriminate NAP and FLU with extremely similar spectra. The test sample classification accuracy can reach 100%. The satisfying results indicated that the proposed approach had potential to be an alternative approach for discriminating PAHs in environment.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018
Methanol gasoline, known as a new energy, has a certain degree of damage to automobile. The aim o... more Methanol gasoline, known as a new energy, has a certain degree of damage to automobile. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the methanol in methanol gasoline using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technique combined with second order chemometric methods. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and selfweighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) methods were used to analyse artificial samples. However, the obtained results by PARAFAC were not satisfactory. On the other hand, excellent prediction results were obtained when SWATLD model was applied, with recovery rate between 98.7 and 102.8%, and between 97.4 and 101.9% for two and three factor respectively. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, four real samples were predicted using SWATLD model with RMSEP between 0.1 μg/mL and 0.23 μg/mL.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, Jan 18, 2018
Interference-free determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water pollution is ... more Interference-free determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water pollution is proposed based on third-order correction algorithms with quadrilinear component modeling applied to the constructed four way fluorescence excitation-emission-sample data array with higher accuracy and better predictive ability than second-order (three-dimension) correction. Alternating weighted residue constraint quadrilinear decomposition (AWRCQLD), quadrilinear parallel factor analysis (4-PARAFAC), alternate penalty quadrilinear decomposition (APQLD) and alternate penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD) are applied to acenaphthene (ANA), naphthalene (NAP) and fluorene (FLU) respectively. Fulvic acid affects PAHs determination seriously in real-world situation, so it is simulated as an interfering agent. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrixes (EEMs) of PAHs are measured at different volumes of fulvic acid simulated different interference conditions, to construct a four-way data array...
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2017
The content of elements in fifteen different regions of Nitraria roborowskii samples were determi... more The content of elements in fifteen different regions of Nitraria roborowskii samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), and its elemental characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results indicated that 18 mineral elements were detected in N. roborowskii of which V cannot be detected. In addition, contents of Na, K and Ca showed high concentration. Ti showed maximum content variance, while K is minimum. Four principal components were gained from the original data. The cumulative variance contribution rate is 81.542% and the variance contribution of the first principal component was 44.997%, indicating that Cr, Fe, P and Ca were the characteristic elements of N. roborowskii.Thus, the established method was simple, precise and can be used for determination of mineral elements in N.roborowskii Kom. fruits. The elemental distribution characteristics among N.roborowskii fruits are related to geographical origins w...
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
The Markov decision process (MDP) provides a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decis... more The Markov decision process (MDP) provides a mathematical framework for modeling sequential decision-making problems, many of which are crucial to security and safety, such as autonomous driving and robot control. The rapid development of artificial intelligence research has created efficient methods for solving MDPs, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), reinforcement learning (RL), and imitation learning (IL). However, these popular models for solving MDPs are neither thoroughly tested nor rigorously reliable. We present MDPFuzz, the first blackbox fuzz testing framework for models solving MDPs. MDPFuzz forms testing oracles by checking whether the target model enters abnormal and dangerous states. During fuzzing, MDPFuzz decides which mutated state to retain by measuring if it can reduce cumulative rewards or form a new state sequence. We design efficient techniques to quantify the "freshness" of a state sequence using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and dynamic expectation-maximization (DynEM). We also prioritize states with high potential of revealing crashes by estimating the local sensitivity of target models over states. MDPFuzz is evaluated on five state-of-the-art models for solving MDPs, including supervised DNN, RL, IL, and multi-agent RL. Our evaluation includes scenarios of autonomous driving, aircraft collision avoidance, and two games that are often used to benchmark RL. During a 12-hour run, we find over 80 crash-triggering state sequences on each model. We show inspiring findings that crash-triggering states, though look normal, induce distinct neuron activation patterns compared with normal states. We further develop an abnormal behavior detector to harden all the evaluated models and repair them with the findings of MDPFuzz to significantly enhance their robustness without sacrificing accuracy.
arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 3, 2021
Various deep neural network (DNN) coverage criteria have been proposed to assess DNN test inputs ... more Various deep neural network (DNN) coverage criteria have been proposed to assess DNN test inputs and steer input mutations. The coverage is characterized via neurons having certain outputs, or the discrepancy between neuron outputs. Nevertheless, recent research indicates that neuron coverage criteria show little correlation with test suite quality. In general, DNNs approximate distributions, by incorporating hierarchical layers, to make predictions for inputs. Thus, we champion to deduce DNN behaviors based on its approximated distributions from a layer perspective. A test suite should be assessed using its induced layer output distributions. Accordingly, to fully examine DNN behaviors, input mutation should be directed toward diversifying the approximated distributions. This paper summarizes eight design requirements for DNN coverage criteria, taking into account distribution properties and practical concerns. We then propose a new criterion, NEURAL COVERAGE (NLC), that satisfies all design requirements. NLC treats a single DNN layer as the basic computational unit (rather than a single neuron) and captures four critical properties of neuron output distributions. Thus, NLC accurately describes how DNNs comprehend inputs via approximated distributions. We demonstrate that NLC is significantly correlated with the diversity of a test suite across a number of tasks (classification and generation) and data formats (image and text). Its capacity to discover DNN prediction errors is promising. Test input mutation guided by NLC results in a greater quality and diversity of exposed erroneous behaviors.
Holography, Diffractive Optics, and Applications VIII, 2018
Digital holographic diffraction tomography combines digital holography with optical diffraction t... more Digital holographic diffraction tomography combines digital holography with optical diffraction tomography. According to the Fourier diffraction theory, the spectrum information is unevenly distributed on a Ewald sphere, and most of these data cannot exactly locate on the 3D matrix points. To solve this problem, a single assignment based nearest neighbor interpolation method is proposed. Firstly, the points to be interpolated are chosen on the 3D matrix. For each angle, a search scope is confirmed by two spheres with a radius R (k0-0.5< R <k0+0.5), where k0 is the radius of Ewald sphere. Then, the point on the 3D matrix is assigned by the value of the nearest neighbor point within this scope. After the assignment of the frequency information for all the angles, the object function is obtained by 3D inverse Fourier transform. In order to verify the feasibility of this method, a digital holographic diffraction tomography system is built. The 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of a microsphere with known RI 1.4607 is measured. Comparing with the conventional nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm, the relative error is reduced from 0.51% to 0.36%. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can improve the reconstruction accuracy for diffraction tomography.
System side channels denote effects imposed on the underlying system and hardware when running a ... more System side channels denote effects imposed on the underlying system and hardware when running a program, such as its accessed CPU cache lines. Side channel analysis (SCA) allows attackers to infer program secrets based on observed side channel logs. Given the ever-growing adoption of machine learning as a service (MLaaS), image analysis software on cloud platforms has been exploited by reconstructing private user images from system side channels. Nevertheless, to date, SCA is still highly challenging, requiring technical knowledge of victim software's internal operations. For existing SCA attacks, comprehending such internal operations requires heavyweight program analysis or manual efforts. This research proposes an attack framework to reconstruct private user images processed by media software via system side channels. The framework forms an effective workflow by incorporating convolutional networks, variational autoencoders, and generative adversarial networks. Our evaluation of two popular side channels shows that the reconstructed images consistently match user inputs, making privacy leakage attacks more practical. We also show surprising results that even one-bit data read/write pattern side channels, which are deemed minimally informative, can be used to reconstruct quality images using our framework.
The properties of materials such as corrosion, creep resistance, and weld ability are relevant to... more The properties of materials such as corrosion, creep resistance, and weld ability are relevant to special and random grain boundaries which belongs to the category of Grain Boundary Engineering (GBE). Recently, failures of transformers and reactors due to corrosive sulfur compounds in transformer oil is reported in literatures. This article takes paper oil insulation system as the research object, using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) study the grain boundaries of copper conductor in insulating oil containing dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS), and the features corrosion pits. For paper insulation, the breakdown voltage and the microstructure of paper were presented. The paper insulation produced plenty of substances, such as metallic particles and fiber, water, dissolved gas, furfuraldehyde, dissolving in oil during the thermal aging. To gain further insight into the involvement of dielectric properties of insulation oils, ion mobility was tested through the approach by reversal pol...
Journal of Controlled Release, 2021
As most of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced in the mitochondria, mitochond... more As most of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced in the mitochondria, mitochondrial modulation of cancer cell is a promising strategy for maximizing the in situ-activable combination therapy of oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy. Herein, a serum-stable polymer‑calcium phosphate (CaP) hybrid nanocapsule carrying siRNA against ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) overexpressed in cancer cells and parent drug camptothecin (CPT), designated as PTkCPT/siRNA, was developed for the RNAi-induced oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy. A copolymer of mPEG-P(Asp-co-TkCPT), covalently tethered with chemotherapeutic CPT via a ROS-labile dithioketal (Tk) linker, was synthesized and self-assembled into a PTkCPT micelle as a nanotemplate for the CaP mineralization. The as-prepared PTkCPT/siRNA nanoparticle showed a core-shell-distinct nanocapsule which was consisted of a spherical polymeric core enclosed within a CaP shell capable of releasing siRNA in response to lysosomal acidity. Blocking Arf6 signal pathway of cancer cells led to their mitochondrial aggregation and subsequently induced a burst of ROS for oxidative catastrophe, which further triggered the cascaded CPT chemotherapy via the breakage of ROS-labile dithioketal linker. This strategy of RNAi-induced oxidative catastrophe and cascaded chemotherapy resulted in a significant combination effect on cancer cell killing and tumor growth inhibition in mice with low side effects, and provided a promising paradigm for precise cancer therapy.
Fuel, 2020
Using proper diesel brand is the key to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine. It is even ... more Using proper diesel brand is the key to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine. It is even more important to identify the brands of diesel oil effectively. This paper presented a new model of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) identification of diesel oil brands that combined Tree-based feature selection, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ensemble learning in order to achieve the goal of high accuracy and rapidity. To further demonstrate the practical effect of the proposed ensemble method, it was compared with a single decision tree (DT) classifier based on classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm. As a result, the recognition rate of Tree-SMOTE-XGBoost model proposed in this paper was 19.33% higher than that of XGBoost model, and 9.25% higher than that of Tree-SMOTE-DT model. More importantly, it can ensure the accuracy of each class under the premise of serious imbalance of classes. The proposed method saves manpower and material resources, and provides a new alternative approach for diesel brands identification.
Biomaterials Science, 2021
The preclinical and clinical developments of non-viral carrier-based gene therapy for pancreatic ... more The preclinical and clinical developments of non-viral carrier-based gene therapy for pancreatic cancer are summarized. The clinical trials discussed provide a valuable framework for translation of gene therapy research into clinical practice.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2020
Theranostic nanosystem has been demonstrated great potential in real-timely monitoring drug biodi... more Theranostic nanosystem has been demonstrated great potential in real-timely monitoring drug biodistribution and therapeutic response. It is still a challenge to fabricate a theranostic nanosystem that possesses the properties of good biocompatibility, a high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity, and stimuli-responsive drug release for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, a pH-responsive micelle, which was self-assembled from biodegradable poly(amino acid) block copolymer mPEG-PAsp(DIP)-co-PLLeu, was constructed to load both chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (PTX) and MRI contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs/PTX-coloaded PDPL micelle (SPIONs/PTX-PDPL) had a hydrodynamic particle size of 134.5 ± 11.2 nm. The theranostic SPIONs/PTX-PDPL not only effectively delivered PTX and SPION into Bel-7402 cancer cells but also rapidly released PTX in acidic lysosome to induce cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, in vitro MR imaging sensitively detected the liver cancer cells after co-incubation with SPIONs/PTX-PDPL micelle. The SPIONs/PTX-PDPL micelle is a potential theranostic nanosystem in terms of the simultaneous chemotherapy and MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019
Pesticides are among the most widespread organic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this wo... more Pesticides are among the most widespread organic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this work, a new green fluorescence application was proposed for the simultaneous determination of four widely employed pesticides in environmental water samples. To overcome the highly overlapped spectra within the analytes, and with the tissue matrix interferences in complex solutions, we have used the multivariate calibration methods such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and unfolded partial least squares coupled to residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL). These four pesticides can be identified simultaneously, and the correlation coefficients between resolved and actual spectra are all above 0.95. The second-order advantage allowed the determination of four pesticides at the ng mL-1 level, even in the presence of humic acid (HA). The best results were obtained with the limits of detection of 1.72-18.69 for Carbendazim (CBZ), 0.30-5.19 for carbaryl (CAR), 0.35-6.32 for chlorothalonil (CHL), and 4.92-29.96 for tsumacide (TSU) (ng mL-1), which can fully meet the quantitative detection and analysis requirements of trace pesticides in water samples. The real water sample of Bohai Seawater was used to check the performance of this approach in practical applications, which have achieved good prediction results of U-PLS/RBL. This study demonstrated the proposed method is rapid, accurate, sensitive, low detection limit, and environmentally friendly to determinate multi-pesticide residues in environmental water samples.
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019
A novel fluorescence application for simultaneous determination of two common fungicide pesticide... more A novel fluorescence application for simultaneous determination of two common fungicide pesticides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) in peanut oil is presented. Using the strategy of combining excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence with three-way calibration methods, the proposed approach successfully achieved quantitative analysis of carbendazim and chlorothalonil pesticide residues in peanut oil, even with highly overlapped spectra. It needs little preparation, using "mathematical separation" instead of "analytical separation" to achieve concentration prediction of target analytes in complex systems. Each analyte was performed using fluorescence spectroscopy after instrument spectral correction and scatter removal. Then the data were modeled with two three-way calibration algorithms, including alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD). The results indicated that APTLD performed slightly better than ATLD for this system. The carbendazim and chlorothalonil can be recognized simultaneously with the correlation coefficients all above 0.96 between resolved spectra and actual spectra. Satisfactory results have been achieved with the average recoveries (mean ± standard deviation) of carbendazim and chlorothalonil being 100.2 ± 6.7 % and 99.7 ± 6.7 %, respectively. Moreover, as for carbendazim and chlorothalonil, the sensitivity (SENs) are 1.50×10 2 and 3.80×10 2 mL ng-1 , the limits of detection (LODs) are 11 ng mL −1 and 4.3 ng mL −1 , the limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 33.33 ng mL −1 and 13.03 ng mL −1 , respectively. The above results demonstrated that the proposed method is sensitive, fast and accurate for direct quantitative analysis of multiple pesticide residues in complex matrix such as that of peanut oil.
Analytical Methods, 2019
MicroRNA-378 (miRNA-378) is widely regarded as a novel noninvasive serum biomarker for early dete... more MicroRNA-378 (miRNA-378) is widely regarded as a novel noninvasive serum biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer.
Measurement, 2019
A new approach for discrimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment was p... more A new approach for discrimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment was proposed based on fluorescence coupled with CS-SVM. Two groups of experiments were carried out on PAHs with similar spectra. The first one was PAHs any two among benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The second one was naphthalene (NAP) and fluorene (FLU) with similar spectra. The BaP-BkF mixture, BaP-BbF mixture and BbF-BkF mixture with similar fluorescence properties, cuckoo search algorithm (CS) optimizing support vector machine (SVM) was used to discriminate these three mixtures. By comparison with the basic grid search algorithm (GS), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) optimizing SVM, it was found that fitting degree of CS was the best and the convergence speed was also the fastest. The test sample classification accuracy of CS-SVM can reach 100%, which was higher than that of GS-SVM, GA-SVM and PSO-SVM. In order to verify the validity of the proposed approach, all the above methods were applied to discriminate NAP and FLU with extremely similar spectra. The test sample classification accuracy can reach 100%. The satisfying results indicated that the proposed approach had potential to be an alternative approach for discriminating PAHs in environment.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018
Methanol gasoline, known as a new energy, has a certain degree of damage to automobile. The aim o... more Methanol gasoline, known as a new energy, has a certain degree of damage to automobile. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the methanol in methanol gasoline using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technique combined with second order chemometric methods. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and selfweighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) methods were used to analyse artificial samples. However, the obtained results by PARAFAC were not satisfactory. On the other hand, excellent prediction results were obtained when SWATLD model was applied, with recovery rate between 98.7 and 102.8%, and between 97.4 and 101.9% for two and three factor respectively. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, four real samples were predicted using SWATLD model with RMSEP between 0.1 μg/mL and 0.23 μg/mL.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, Jan 18, 2018
Interference-free determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water pollution is ... more Interference-free determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water pollution is proposed based on third-order correction algorithms with quadrilinear component modeling applied to the constructed four way fluorescence excitation-emission-sample data array with higher accuracy and better predictive ability than second-order (three-dimension) correction. Alternating weighted residue constraint quadrilinear decomposition (AWRCQLD), quadrilinear parallel factor analysis (4-PARAFAC), alternate penalty quadrilinear decomposition (APQLD) and alternate penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD) are applied to acenaphthene (ANA), naphthalene (NAP) and fluorene (FLU) respectively. Fulvic acid affects PAHs determination seriously in real-world situation, so it is simulated as an interfering agent. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrixes (EEMs) of PAHs are measured at different volumes of fulvic acid simulated different interference conditions, to construct a four-way data array...
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2017
The content of elements in fifteen different regions of Nitraria roborowskii samples were determi... more The content of elements in fifteen different regions of Nitraria roborowskii samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-OES), and its elemental characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis. The results indicated that 18 mineral elements were detected in N. roborowskii of which V cannot be detected. In addition, contents of Na, K and Ca showed high concentration. Ti showed maximum content variance, while K is minimum. Four principal components were gained from the original data. The cumulative variance contribution rate is 81.542% and the variance contribution of the first principal component was 44.997%, indicating that Cr, Fe, P and Ca were the characteristic elements of N. roborowskii.Thus, the established method was simple, precise and can be used for determination of mineral elements in N.roborowskii Kom. fruits. The elemental distribution characteristics among N.roborowskii fruits are related to geographical origins w...