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Papers by Yulia Shulpekova
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, 2017
Purpose It is conceivable that manipulation of the gut microbiota could reduce the incidence or m... more Purpose It is conceivable that manipulation of the gut microbiota could reduce the incidence or magnitude of surgical complications in digestive surgery. However, the evidence remains inconclusive, although much effort has been devoted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses on probiotics. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the protective effects of probiotics appears elusive, our understanding of probiotic actions being fragmentary. The objective of this review is to assess the clinical relevance of the perioperative use of probiotics in major digestive surgery, based on a comprehensive view of the gut microbiota, bacterial translocation (BT), and host defense system. Methods The first part of this article describes the pathophysiological events associated with the gut microbiota. Results of RCTs for the perioperative use of probiotics in major digestive surgery are reviewed in the latter part. Results The development of the structural and functional barrier to protect against BT primarily results from the generally cooperative interactions between the host and resident microbiota. There is a large body of evidence indicating that probiotics, by enhancing beneficial interactions, reinforce the host defense system to limit BT. The perioperative use of probiotics in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery is a promising approach for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications, while the effectiveness in colorectal surgery remains controversial due to substantial heterogeneity among the RCTs with small sample populations. Conclusions Further studies, such as multi-center RCTs with a larger sample size, are necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of probiotic agents in major digestive surgery.
Molecules
Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthe... more Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membrane or nuclear receptors. Hepatic synthesis, intestinal modifications, intestinal peristalsis and permeability, and receptor activity can affect the quantitative and qualitative bile acids composition significantly leading to extrahepatic pathologies. The complexity of bile acids receptors and the effects of cross-activations makes interpretation of the results of the studies rather difficult. ...
Medical news of the North Caucasus
Molecules, 2021
Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept ... more Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Folates enter the body from the diet and are also synthesized by intestinal bacteria with consequent adsorption from the colon. Three types of folate and antifolate cellular transporters have been found, differing in tissue localization, substrate affinity, type of transferring, and optimal pH for function. Laboratory criteria of folate deficiency are accepted by WHO. Severe folate deficiencies, manifesting in early life, are seen in hereditary folate malabsorption and cerebral folate deficiency. Acquired folate deficiency is quite common and is associated with poor diet and malabsorption,...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kolofort (a complex medicine cont... more The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kolofort (a complex medicine containing technologically processed forms of antibodies to S-100 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine) in the management of functional dyspepsia (FD) in outpatient clinical practice.Methods: 309 outpatients at the age of 18-45 in whom functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized in two groups receiving Kolofort or Placebo 2 tablets tid for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was a change in the FD symptoms severity score according to the Gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) at week 8. The demand in accessory medications was also assessed.Results: at week 8 the reduction in GIS sum score was observed in Kolofort group and Placebo group (by 7.2±3.3 [7.2±3.4] and 6.3±4.6 [6.2±4.5], respectively, p=0.041 [0.039]). The proportion of cases ...
Nutrients, 2021
Histamine is a natural amine derived from L-histidine. Although it seems that our knowledge about... more Histamine is a natural amine derived from L-histidine. Although it seems that our knowledge about this molecule is wide and diverse, the importance of histamine in many regulatory processes is still enigmatic. The interplay between different types of histamine receptors and the compound may cause ample effects, including histamine intoxication and so-called histamine intolerance or non-allergic food intolerance, leading to disturbances in immune regulation, manifestation of gastroenterological symptoms, and neurological diseases. Most cases of clinical manifestations of histamine intolerance are non-specific due to tissue-specific distribution of different histamine receptors and the lack of reproducible and reliable diagnostic markers. The diagnosis of histamine intolerance is fraught with difficulties, in addition to challenges related to the selection of a proper treatment strategy, the regular course of recovery, and reduced amelioration of chronic symptoms due to inappropriate ...
Medical news of the North Caucasus, 2019
Приведена характеристика наиболее распространенных типов абдоминальной боли, обусловленных заболе... more Приведена характеристика наиболее распространенных типов абдоминальной боли, обусловленных заболеваниями периферической нервной системы. У 2-5 % пациентов с хронической болью в животе она исходит из брюшной стенки, причем нередко ошибочно трактуется как признак функционального заболевания органов пищеварения. Причиной такой боли могут быть нейропатические процессы-синдром ущемления переднего кожного нерва, «синдром скользящего ребра». Абдоминальная боль может выступать как симптом дискогенной и посттравматической радикулопатии в нижнегрудном отделе позвоночника, невропатии при сахарном диабете, порфирии, свинцовой интоксикации, периферической сенсорной невропатии, постгерпетической невропатии. В части случаев чувствительные нарушения могут сочетаться с сегментарным парезом брюшных мышц и нарушением вегетативной регуляции внутренних органов (вплоть до кишечной псевдообструкции), что затрудняет диагностику. В лечении нейропатической боли в зависимости от ситуации применяют блокаду местным анестетиком, ненаркотические анальгетики, антиконвульсанты, трициклические антидепрессанты и ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина и норадреналина. Ключевые слова: абдоминальная боль, нейропатическая боль, синдром ущемления переднего кожного нерва, «синдром скользящего ребра», радикулопатия в грудном отделе позвоночника, автономная невропатия, диабетическая радикулопатия, постгерпетическая невропатия The article revises the most prevalent types of abdominal pain related to peripheral nervous system pathology. In 2-5 % of cases chronic abdominal pain originates from abdominal wall and could be misdiagnosed as a feature of functional gastrointestinal disease. Pain coming from the abdominal wall may be a manifestation of neuropathic processes such as anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome and sliding rib syndrome. Abdominal pain may be a symptom of discogenic and posttraumatic lower thoracic radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy, porphyria, lead intoxication, peripheral sensory neuropathy, postherpetic neuropathy. In some cases, sensitive disorders can be combined with segmental paresis of the abdominal muscles and a violation of the vegetative regulation of the internal organs (up to intestinal pseudo-obstruction), which makes diagnosis difficult. Local anesthesia, non-narcotic analgesics, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may be used in the treatment of neuropathic pain according to circumstances.
Molecules, 2022
Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metaboli... more Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids act as sensors of intestinal contents, which are determined by the change in the spectrum of bile acids during microbial transformation, as well as by gradual intestinal absorption. Entering the liver through the portal vein, bile acids regulate the activity of nuclear receptors, modify metabolic processes and the rate of formation of new bile acids from cholesterol, and also, in all likelihood, can significantly affect the detoxification of xenobiotics. Bile acids not absorbed by the liver can interact with a variety of cellular recipes in extrahepatic tissues. This provides review information on the synthesis of bile acids in various parts of the digestive tract, its regulation, and the physiological role of bile acids. Moreover, the present study describes the involvement of bile acids in micelle formation, the mechanism of intes...
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, 2017
Purpose It is conceivable that manipulation of the gut microbiota could reduce the incidence or m... more Purpose It is conceivable that manipulation of the gut microbiota could reduce the incidence or magnitude of surgical complications in digestive surgery. However, the evidence remains inconclusive, although much effort has been devoted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses on probiotics. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the protective effects of probiotics appears elusive, our understanding of probiotic actions being fragmentary. The objective of this review is to assess the clinical relevance of the perioperative use of probiotics in major digestive surgery, based on a comprehensive view of the gut microbiota, bacterial translocation (BT), and host defense system. Methods The first part of this article describes the pathophysiological events associated with the gut microbiota. Results of RCTs for the perioperative use of probiotics in major digestive surgery are reviewed in the latter part. Results The development of the structural and functional barrier to protect against BT primarily results from the generally cooperative interactions between the host and resident microbiota. There is a large body of evidence indicating that probiotics, by enhancing beneficial interactions, reinforce the host defense system to limit BT. The perioperative use of probiotics in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery is a promising approach for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications, while the effectiveness in colorectal surgery remains controversial due to substantial heterogeneity among the RCTs with small sample populations. Conclusions Further studies, such as multi-center RCTs with a larger sample size, are necessary to confirm the clinical relevance of probiotic agents in major digestive surgery.
Molecules
Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthe... more Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membrane or nuclear receptors. Hepatic synthesis, intestinal modifications, intestinal peristalsis and permeability, and receptor activity can affect the quantitative and qualitative bile acids composition significantly leading to extrahepatic pathologies. The complexity of bile acids receptors and the effects of cross-activations makes interpretation of the results of the studies rather difficult. ...
Medical news of the North Caucasus
Molecules, 2021
Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept ... more Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Folates enter the body from the diet and are also synthesized by intestinal bacteria with consequent adsorption from the colon. Three types of folate and antifolate cellular transporters have been found, differing in tissue localization, substrate affinity, type of transferring, and optimal pH for function. Laboratory criteria of folate deficiency are accepted by WHO. Severe folate deficiencies, manifesting in early life, are seen in hereditary folate malabsorption and cerebral folate deficiency. Acquired folate deficiency is quite common and is associated with poor diet and malabsorption,...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kolofort (a complex medicine cont... more The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kolofort (a complex medicine containing technologically processed forms of antibodies to S-100 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine) in the management of functional dyspepsia (FD) in outpatient clinical practice.Methods: 309 outpatients at the age of 18-45 in whom functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized in two groups receiving Kolofort or Placebo 2 tablets tid for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was a change in the FD symptoms severity score according to the Gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) at week 8. The demand in accessory medications was also assessed.Results: at week 8 the reduction in GIS sum score was observed in Kolofort group and Placebo group (by 7.2±3.3 [7.2±3.4] and 6.3±4.6 [6.2±4.5], respectively, p=0.041 [0.039]). The proportion of cases ...
Nutrients, 2021
Histamine is a natural amine derived from L-histidine. Although it seems that our knowledge about... more Histamine is a natural amine derived from L-histidine. Although it seems that our knowledge about this molecule is wide and diverse, the importance of histamine in many regulatory processes is still enigmatic. The interplay between different types of histamine receptors and the compound may cause ample effects, including histamine intoxication and so-called histamine intolerance or non-allergic food intolerance, leading to disturbances in immune regulation, manifestation of gastroenterological symptoms, and neurological diseases. Most cases of clinical manifestations of histamine intolerance are non-specific due to tissue-specific distribution of different histamine receptors and the lack of reproducible and reliable diagnostic markers. The diagnosis of histamine intolerance is fraught with difficulties, in addition to challenges related to the selection of a proper treatment strategy, the regular course of recovery, and reduced amelioration of chronic symptoms due to inappropriate ...
Medical news of the North Caucasus, 2019
Приведена характеристика наиболее распространенных типов абдоминальной боли, обусловленных заболе... more Приведена характеристика наиболее распространенных типов абдоминальной боли, обусловленных заболеваниями периферической нервной системы. У 2-5 % пациентов с хронической болью в животе она исходит из брюшной стенки, причем нередко ошибочно трактуется как признак функционального заболевания органов пищеварения. Причиной такой боли могут быть нейропатические процессы-синдром ущемления переднего кожного нерва, «синдром скользящего ребра». Абдоминальная боль может выступать как симптом дискогенной и посттравматической радикулопатии в нижнегрудном отделе позвоночника, невропатии при сахарном диабете, порфирии, свинцовой интоксикации, периферической сенсорной невропатии, постгерпетической невропатии. В части случаев чувствительные нарушения могут сочетаться с сегментарным парезом брюшных мышц и нарушением вегетативной регуляции внутренних органов (вплоть до кишечной псевдообструкции), что затрудняет диагностику. В лечении нейропатической боли в зависимости от ситуации применяют блокаду местным анестетиком, ненаркотические анальгетики, антиконвульсанты, трициклические антидепрессанты и ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина и норадреналина. Ключевые слова: абдоминальная боль, нейропатическая боль, синдром ущемления переднего кожного нерва, «синдром скользящего ребра», радикулопатия в грудном отделе позвоночника, автономная невропатия, диабетическая радикулопатия, постгерпетическая невропатия The article revises the most prevalent types of abdominal pain related to peripheral nervous system pathology. In 2-5 % of cases chronic abdominal pain originates from abdominal wall and could be misdiagnosed as a feature of functional gastrointestinal disease. Pain coming from the abdominal wall may be a manifestation of neuropathic processes such as anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome and sliding rib syndrome. Abdominal pain may be a symptom of discogenic and posttraumatic lower thoracic radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy, porphyria, lead intoxication, peripheral sensory neuropathy, postherpetic neuropathy. In some cases, sensitive disorders can be combined with segmental paresis of the abdominal muscles and a violation of the vegetative regulation of the internal organs (up to intestinal pseudo-obstruction), which makes diagnosis difficult. Local anesthesia, non-narcotic analgesics, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may be used in the treatment of neuropathic pain according to circumstances.
Molecules, 2022
Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metaboli... more Bile acids are important physiological agents required for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids act as sensors of intestinal contents, which are determined by the change in the spectrum of bile acids during microbial transformation, as well as by gradual intestinal absorption. Entering the liver through the portal vein, bile acids regulate the activity of nuclear receptors, modify metabolic processes and the rate of formation of new bile acids from cholesterol, and also, in all likelihood, can significantly affect the detoxification of xenobiotics. Bile acids not absorbed by the liver can interact with a variety of cellular recipes in extrahepatic tissues. This provides review information on the synthesis of bile acids in various parts of the digestive tract, its regulation, and the physiological role of bile acids. Moreover, the present study describes the involvement of bile acids in micelle formation, the mechanism of intes...