Yuvaraj Maria Francis - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Yuvaraj Maria Francis
Cureus
Introduction: The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the caro... more Introduction: The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the carotid arteries. The terminal branches of common carotid arteries, such as external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and their branches are crucial due to the wide area of distribution and variations in their branching pattern. The branching pattern and morphometry are essential for surgeons in the planning and execution of head and neck surgeries. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the branching patterns of ECA and analyze them morphometrically. Materials and methods: This retrospective study includes 100 CT images, inclusive of 32 females and 68 males. The branching pattern and luminal diameter of CCA and ECA were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The luminal diameter of CCA in males were as follows: 7.4 ± 1.01 (R), 7.1 ± 0.8 (L), and in females: 7.3 ± 0.9 (R), 7 ± 0.9mm (L); and the luminal diameter of ECA in males: 5.2 ± 1.0mm (R), 5.2 ± 0.9mm (L), and in females: 5.0 ± 0.9mm (R), 5.1 ± 1.0mm (L). The level of the carotid bifurcation and ECA branching pattern was observed, and variations were commonly seen in the superior thyroid artery (STA), lingual artery (LA), and facial artery (FA). Conclusion: The findings of the present study with regard to the external carotid artery and its branching pattern correlate with previous studies. The most common variations were observed in the superior thyroid and lingual and facial arteries. Knowledge about the morphology and branching pattern of the carotid artery is essential for procedures such as intra-arterial chemotherapy, carotid artery stenting, endarterectomy, and extra-intra cranial bypass revascularization procedure where it is harvested as a donor's vessel.
Molecules
Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterio... more Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterioration of renal function. Nephrotoxicity due to exposure to a toxin such as carbon tetrachloride, sodium oxalate, or heavy metals is the most common cause of kidney injury. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract against lead-acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 contained normal animals and served as the control; group 2 received lead acetate (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, oral); group 3 received lead acetate and the standard drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg b.w./day, oral); and group 4 received lead acetate and the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus seed (EECP; 800 mg/kg b.w./day, oral). Treatment was given...
Drug Invention Today, 2020
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2021
Introduction: Renal artery arises from lateral part of abdominal aorta. When it reaches near the ... more Introduction: Renal artery arises from lateral part of abdominal aorta. When it reaches near the hilum of kidney it gives anterior and posterior division. The posterior division of renal artery supplies the posterior segment of the kidney. This branching pattern of posterior division shows 3 different patterns. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the different branching pattern of posterior division of renal artery among the sides and to find the gender differences. Materials and methods: A total of 99 Computed tomography angiogram images of kidney donors were evaluated and attempt taken to trace posterior division of renal artery. Computed tomographyangiogram images were collected from specialised scan centre in Chennai. Results: In this study majority of posterior division was found to be type 2. Percentage of occurrence of pattern of posterior division is discussed in this study. In this current study we find association between the pattern of posterior division of renal a...
Medico-Legal Update, 2021
Background: Medical institutions throughout the world implement foundation course at the initial ... more Background: Medical institutions throughout the world implement foundation course at the initial phaseamong Phase IMBBS, to overcome the diverse challenges faced by the students and to improve theiracademics. Indian students preferably get enrolled into the medical profession at the age of 17-19 years withdissimilar psychological characteristics, diverse expectations from family and society.Aim and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the foundation courseamong Phase IMBBS.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 phase I MBBS students,inclusive of males and females, within the age group of 17-19 year. Their responses were statisticallyanalyzed through Microsoft excel.Results: 150 students participated in thisstudy and about 82% of Phase I MBBS students showed positiveresponsesregarding the various sessions of foundation course.Conclusion: Foundation course for Phase I MBBS students is found to beuseful for initi...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases encountered in urology prac... more Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases encountered in urology practice which commonly occurs in the ageing man. Similarly, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction also increases with ageing. This study is an attempt to look at the percentage of patients presenting with any associated illness and then to assess the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption and their socioeconomic status of our group of patients by taking a thorough history of BPH patients. The study was conducted in the urology department saveetha medical college and hospital. This was a prospective cross-sectional study from October 2019 till February 2020. In this study, 150 BPH patients history was taken, and data regarding their co-morbid conditions, smoking habits and alcohol consumption were taken, and results were analyzed. Among the co-morbid conditions in this group of patients, the most typical medical condition found was diabetes (46%) and the se...
International Journal of Pediatrics, 2017
Fetus- in- fetu (FIF), is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs due to malformed fetus growing in... more Fetus- in- fetu (FIF), is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs due to malformed fetus growing inside the twin. It occurs due to the aberration in the diamniotic monochorionic monozygotic twinning with unequal division of inner cell mass of blastocyst leading to inclusion of small cell mass inside the developing sister fetus. The most common presentation will be with intra-abdominal mass located in the upper quadrant retroperitoneally. Complete excision with meticulous dissection is curative and allows confirmation of diagnosis.
Introduction and Aim: Human intelligence is a cognitive process and was correlated with several a... more Introduction and Aim: Human intelligence is a cognitive process and was correlated with several anthropometric parameters. Height is one of the well-known factor that is suspected for a positive correlation with intelligence and their association is studied since many years. Similarly, obesity which has become a major health outcome of today is said to have a negative effect on intelligence. Prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities are in a great rise in both developed and developing countries. Recent findings show that obesity could impair cognitive performance. This study focuses on the correlation of the parameters such as height and BMI(Body Mass Index) with intelligence for selected samples and underscores the significance of correlation. The objective of our study was to test whether a linear relationship exists between the IQ and the two parameters and their strength of correlation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and H...
Medico-Legal Update
Background: Sleep is a basic need of every individual, essential for a better quality of life and... more Background: Sleep is a basic need of every individual, essential for a better quality of life and performance in the activity of daily living. Humans spend a third of their life sleeping. Even then, sleep disturbance is the common health issue in modern society which promotes late-night gatherings and shift-based work. Segmented sleep is one or many naps with one core sleep where the awake period also takes place in two or more sessions. Segmented sleep is considered to be an unhealthy practice today, is the way that our ancestors slept until the last few centuries. Aim and Objectives: The study aims to assess the effect of segmented sleep patterns among medical students and correlating it with the academic performance of them. Method and Materials: This study was done on 300 students with both male and female participants. A questionnaire was developed after the elaborated discussion and circulated among the students. The data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The overall quality of the sleep, regardless of how long participants slept was highly satisfactory in 61% and about 47% of participants spend 6-7 sleeping hours. Segmented sleeping among the participants has a positive impact on academic performance which was both, directly and indirectly, related to the amount of time spent by the participants in their studies. Conclusion: Segmented sleep is the most natural way of treating sleep deprivation among the adolescent. Therefore, the segmented sleep pattern can be inducted in the daily schedule and then modifying to suit the individual's lifestyle.
Medico-Legal Update
Background: Lead and it's compound induced health problems are continue to be an important, preve... more Background: Lead and it's compound induced health problems are continue to be an important, preventable public health issue. The common source of lead exposure in modern days is cosmetic products. Aim and Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the awareness about the adverse effects of lead-containing cosmetics in adolescence and the young adult population including factors influencing customers, knowledge about the product ingredients, and quality. Materials and Method: In this study, a questionnaire was prepared using Google form and circulated among the adolescence and young adult subjects to assess the awareness about the adverse effect of lead in cosmetics. The study sample comprised of totally 203 participants of both males and females with the age group between 16 to 24 years. Results: In this study, it is found that 87% of the participants were aware that cosmetic products harm their health. 78% of the participants know lead and its compounds present in the cosmetics. 86% of participants have the habit of checking the ingredients and quality of cosmetic products. About 96% of the participants were influenced by the advertisement of the product before buying it.
Introduction: Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white fibres interconnecting cerebr... more Introduction: Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white fibres interconnecting cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum is responsible for interhemispheric transfer of information which is essential for cognitive function. The foetal corpus callosum serves as sensitive indicator for normal brain development and maturation. As the corpus callosum is a part of the highest order latest maturing mental network of the brain, its measurements are important to assess normal brain development and to locate structural changes. A comprehensive evaluation of normal human foetal corpus callosal development is essential to detect and understand the congenital anomalies of the brain. Thus, the prenatal diagnosis of partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum is important for predicting the normal development of the foetus. Foetal neural anomalies that are suspected on prenatal ultrasonography (USG) can be detected in early stage using foetal MRI. This imaging technique is hig...
The present study describes the morphometry of a unilateral ossified sacrotuberous ligament. It a... more The present study describes the morphometry of a unilateral ossified sacrotuberous ligament. It aims to discuss its Anatomical and clinical implications.The pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery, nerve to obturator internus and coccygeal branch of inferior gluteal artery, are the important structures related to sacrotuberous ligament. An ossified sacrotuberous ligament may be an important etiological factor in neurovascular compression syndromes and its anatomical knowledge may help in the development of new treatment strategy for this common clinical problem. The ossified sacrotuberous ligament in the present case exhibits, a characteristic anterior and posterior segment, a base at the ischial tuberosity and an apex attached to alae of sacrum. The ossified sacrotuberous ligament may be important in differential diagnosis of soft tissue pain and tenderness after trauma. It may be a challenging puzzle for the present day surgeon and radiologist in interpretation of radiological pr...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The COVID-19 pandemic is being a global Heath crisis. The rate of transmission of the disease is ... more The COVID-19 pandemic is being a global Heath crisis. The rate of transmission of the disease is very high. At this time there is no specific vaccine or treatment. This widespread outbreak is also associated with psychological distress like depression and anxiety. The effect of COVID 19 on medical students is considerable. The medical students are in a transitory period which could be one of the most stressful times in a person’s life. The aim of this study is to assess the mental health of South Indian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to see if there is any influence of gender on mental health. A cross sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling method. A total of 359 responses were analysed. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed based on four point Likert scale. GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) scale and CES-D (Center for Epidemiology Studies for Depression) scale is used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms with a small modification res...
Molecules, 2021
Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterio... more Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterioration of renal function. Nephrotoxicity due to exposure to a toxin such as carbon tetrachloride, sodium oxalate, or heavy metals is the most common cause of kidney injury. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract against lead-acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 contained normal animals and served as the control; group 2 received lead acetate (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, oral); group 3 received lead acetate and the standard drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg b.w./day, oral); and group 4 received lead acetate and the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus seed (EECP; 800 mg/kg b.w./day, oral). Treatment was given for 28 consecutive days. The data were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance with SIGMA PLOT 13 using SYSTAT software followed by Newman-Keul's test for comparison between the groups. EECP ameliorated the adverse changes caused by lead acetate. PI3K and AKT messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were diminished in lead-acetate-treated rats. Treatment with EECP inhibited the occurrence of shrunken cells, the atrophy of glomeruli, and degenerative changes in renal tubules caused by lead acetate. Interestingly, the PI3K and AKT mRNA levels were significantly increased in EECP-treated animals. Our results clearly evidence for the first time that C. paniculatus seed extract inhibits lead-acetate-induced detrimental changes in kidneys by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movemen... more The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried h...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The kidneys are bilaterally paired organs and serve several essential functions required to maint... more The kidneys are bilaterally paired organs and serve several essential functions required to maintain a normal human physiological function. The renal size was conventionally determined on x-ray or urography by measuring the renal length distance of first lumbar vertebrae to third or fourth lumbar vertebrae. Ectopic position of the kidney can be associated with ureteric stone, vesicoureteric reflux and can predispose to iatrogenic trauma during interventional radiological and laparoscopic procedures and any surgeries. Therefore, it is important to know the variations between individuals in the level of kidney relative to the spinal column. The study aimed to analyse the morphometric and morphologic measurements of the kidney using CT angiogram in kidney donors. In this study, the length and breadth of kidney and different level of location of kidney in 100 renal donors were analysed. The study was conducted in specialised scan centres located in Chennai. Out of 100 kidney donors, 61%...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The advent of more conservative methods of treatment for renal pathologies has necessitated a pre... more The advent of more conservative methods of treatment for renal pathologies has necessitated a precise knowledge of renal pelvicalyceal system. Knowledge on the patterns of pelvicalyceal system and its relation to the renal segmental arteries is of importance in procedures in kidney. The aim is to analyze the morphometry of calyceal system in kidney donors using 64- Slice Computed Tomography Angiography. The study was conducted in specialized scan center located in Chennai after getting appropriate permission from medical director of the center. The study group was drawn from kidney donors who approached the scan center who had no diseases related to kidney. In this study, a total of 99 kidney donors were included. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from June 2014 to September 2017. The statistical analysis and plotting of graphs were carried out using Sigma stat 13.0 (Systat Software, USA). Various patterns of the pelvicalyceal system along with morphometric dime...
Cureus
Introduction: The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the caro... more Introduction: The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the carotid arteries. The terminal branches of common carotid arteries, such as external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and their branches are crucial due to the wide area of distribution and variations in their branching pattern. The branching pattern and morphometry are essential for surgeons in the planning and execution of head and neck surgeries. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the branching patterns of ECA and analyze them morphometrically. Materials and methods: This retrospective study includes 100 CT images, inclusive of 32 females and 68 males. The branching pattern and luminal diameter of CCA and ECA were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The luminal diameter of CCA in males were as follows: 7.4 ± 1.01 (R), 7.1 ± 0.8 (L), and in females: 7.3 ± 0.9 (R), 7 ± 0.9mm (L); and the luminal diameter of ECA in males: 5.2 ± 1.0mm (R), 5.2 ± 0.9mm (L), and in females: 5.0 ± 0.9mm (R), 5.1 ± 1.0mm (L). The level of the carotid bifurcation and ECA branching pattern was observed, and variations were commonly seen in the superior thyroid artery (STA), lingual artery (LA), and facial artery (FA). Conclusion: The findings of the present study with regard to the external carotid artery and its branching pattern correlate with previous studies. The most common variations were observed in the superior thyroid and lingual and facial arteries. Knowledge about the morphology and branching pattern of the carotid artery is essential for procedures such as intra-arterial chemotherapy, carotid artery stenting, endarterectomy, and extra-intra cranial bypass revascularization procedure where it is harvested as a donor's vessel.
Molecules
Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterio... more Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterioration of renal function. Nephrotoxicity due to exposure to a toxin such as carbon tetrachloride, sodium oxalate, or heavy metals is the most common cause of kidney injury. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract against lead-acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 contained normal animals and served as the control; group 2 received lead acetate (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, oral); group 3 received lead acetate and the standard drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg b.w./day, oral); and group 4 received lead acetate and the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus seed (EECP; 800 mg/kg b.w./day, oral). Treatment was given...
Drug Invention Today, 2020
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2021
Introduction: Renal artery arises from lateral part of abdominal aorta. When it reaches near the ... more Introduction: Renal artery arises from lateral part of abdominal aorta. When it reaches near the hilum of kidney it gives anterior and posterior division. The posterior division of renal artery supplies the posterior segment of the kidney. This branching pattern of posterior division shows 3 different patterns. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the different branching pattern of posterior division of renal artery among the sides and to find the gender differences. Materials and methods: A total of 99 Computed tomography angiogram images of kidney donors were evaluated and attempt taken to trace posterior division of renal artery. Computed tomographyangiogram images were collected from specialised scan centre in Chennai. Results: In this study majority of posterior division was found to be type 2. Percentage of occurrence of pattern of posterior division is discussed in this study. In this current study we find association between the pattern of posterior division of renal a...
Medico-Legal Update, 2021
Background: Medical institutions throughout the world implement foundation course at the initial ... more Background: Medical institutions throughout the world implement foundation course at the initial phaseamong Phase IMBBS, to overcome the diverse challenges faced by the students and to improve theiracademics. Indian students preferably get enrolled into the medical profession at the age of 17-19 years withdissimilar psychological characteristics, diverse expectations from family and society.Aim and Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the foundation courseamong Phase IMBBS.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 phase I MBBS students,inclusive of males and females, within the age group of 17-19 year. Their responses were statisticallyanalyzed through Microsoft excel.Results: 150 students participated in thisstudy and about 82% of Phase I MBBS students showed positiveresponsesregarding the various sessions of foundation course.Conclusion: Foundation course for Phase I MBBS students is found to beuseful for initi...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases encountered in urology prac... more Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases encountered in urology practice which commonly occurs in the ageing man. Similarly, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction also increases with ageing. This study is an attempt to look at the percentage of patients presenting with any associated illness and then to assess the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption and their socioeconomic status of our group of patients by taking a thorough history of BPH patients. The study was conducted in the urology department saveetha medical college and hospital. This was a prospective cross-sectional study from October 2019 till February 2020. In this study, 150 BPH patients history was taken, and data regarding their co-morbid conditions, smoking habits and alcohol consumption were taken, and results were analyzed. Among the co-morbid conditions in this group of patients, the most typical medical condition found was diabetes (46%) and the se...
International Journal of Pediatrics, 2017
Fetus- in- fetu (FIF), is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs due to malformed fetus growing in... more Fetus- in- fetu (FIF), is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs due to malformed fetus growing inside the twin. It occurs due to the aberration in the diamniotic monochorionic monozygotic twinning with unequal division of inner cell mass of blastocyst leading to inclusion of small cell mass inside the developing sister fetus. The most common presentation will be with intra-abdominal mass located in the upper quadrant retroperitoneally. Complete excision with meticulous dissection is curative and allows confirmation of diagnosis.
Introduction and Aim: Human intelligence is a cognitive process and was correlated with several a... more Introduction and Aim: Human intelligence is a cognitive process and was correlated with several anthropometric parameters. Height is one of the well-known factor that is suspected for a positive correlation with intelligence and their association is studied since many years. Similarly, obesity which has become a major health outcome of today is said to have a negative effect on intelligence. Prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities are in a great rise in both developed and developing countries. Recent findings show that obesity could impair cognitive performance. This study focuses on the correlation of the parameters such as height and BMI(Body Mass Index) with intelligence for selected samples and underscores the significance of correlation. The objective of our study was to test whether a linear relationship exists between the IQ and the two parameters and their strength of correlation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and H...
Medico-Legal Update
Background: Sleep is a basic need of every individual, essential for a better quality of life and... more Background: Sleep is a basic need of every individual, essential for a better quality of life and performance in the activity of daily living. Humans spend a third of their life sleeping. Even then, sleep disturbance is the common health issue in modern society which promotes late-night gatherings and shift-based work. Segmented sleep is one or many naps with one core sleep where the awake period also takes place in two or more sessions. Segmented sleep is considered to be an unhealthy practice today, is the way that our ancestors slept until the last few centuries. Aim and Objectives: The study aims to assess the effect of segmented sleep patterns among medical students and correlating it with the academic performance of them. Method and Materials: This study was done on 300 students with both male and female participants. A questionnaire was developed after the elaborated discussion and circulated among the students. The data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The overall quality of the sleep, regardless of how long participants slept was highly satisfactory in 61% and about 47% of participants spend 6-7 sleeping hours. Segmented sleeping among the participants has a positive impact on academic performance which was both, directly and indirectly, related to the amount of time spent by the participants in their studies. Conclusion: Segmented sleep is the most natural way of treating sleep deprivation among the adolescent. Therefore, the segmented sleep pattern can be inducted in the daily schedule and then modifying to suit the individual's lifestyle.
Medico-Legal Update
Background: Lead and it's compound induced health problems are continue to be an important, preve... more Background: Lead and it's compound induced health problems are continue to be an important, preventable public health issue. The common source of lead exposure in modern days is cosmetic products. Aim and Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the awareness about the adverse effects of lead-containing cosmetics in adolescence and the young adult population including factors influencing customers, knowledge about the product ingredients, and quality. Materials and Method: In this study, a questionnaire was prepared using Google form and circulated among the adolescence and young adult subjects to assess the awareness about the adverse effect of lead in cosmetics. The study sample comprised of totally 203 participants of both males and females with the age group between 16 to 24 years. Results: In this study, it is found that 87% of the participants were aware that cosmetic products harm their health. 78% of the participants know lead and its compounds present in the cosmetics. 86% of participants have the habit of checking the ingredients and quality of cosmetic products. About 96% of the participants were influenced by the advertisement of the product before buying it.
Introduction: Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white fibres interconnecting cerebr... more Introduction: Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white fibres interconnecting cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum is responsible for interhemispheric transfer of information which is essential for cognitive function. The foetal corpus callosum serves as sensitive indicator for normal brain development and maturation. As the corpus callosum is a part of the highest order latest maturing mental network of the brain, its measurements are important to assess normal brain development and to locate structural changes. A comprehensive evaluation of normal human foetal corpus callosal development is essential to detect and understand the congenital anomalies of the brain. Thus, the prenatal diagnosis of partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum is important for predicting the normal development of the foetus. Foetal neural anomalies that are suspected on prenatal ultrasonography (USG) can be detected in early stage using foetal MRI. This imaging technique is hig...
The present study describes the morphometry of a unilateral ossified sacrotuberous ligament. It a... more The present study describes the morphometry of a unilateral ossified sacrotuberous ligament. It aims to discuss its Anatomical and clinical implications.The pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery, nerve to obturator internus and coccygeal branch of inferior gluteal artery, are the important structures related to sacrotuberous ligament. An ossified sacrotuberous ligament may be an important etiological factor in neurovascular compression syndromes and its anatomical knowledge may help in the development of new treatment strategy for this common clinical problem. The ossified sacrotuberous ligament in the present case exhibits, a characteristic anterior and posterior segment, a base at the ischial tuberosity and an apex attached to alae of sacrum. The ossified sacrotuberous ligament may be important in differential diagnosis of soft tissue pain and tenderness after trauma. It may be a challenging puzzle for the present day surgeon and radiologist in interpretation of radiological pr...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The COVID-19 pandemic is being a global Heath crisis. The rate of transmission of the disease is ... more The COVID-19 pandemic is being a global Heath crisis. The rate of transmission of the disease is very high. At this time there is no specific vaccine or treatment. This widespread outbreak is also associated with psychological distress like depression and anxiety. The effect of COVID 19 on medical students is considerable. The medical students are in a transitory period which could be one of the most stressful times in a person’s life. The aim of this study is to assess the mental health of South Indian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to see if there is any influence of gender on mental health. A cross sectional study was conducted using convenient sampling method. A total of 359 responses were analysed. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed based on four point Likert scale. GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) scale and CES-D (Center for Epidemiology Studies for Depression) scale is used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms with a small modification res...
Molecules, 2021
Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterio... more Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterioration of renal function. Nephrotoxicity due to exposure to a toxin such as carbon tetrachloride, sodium oxalate, or heavy metals is the most common cause of kidney injury. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract against lead-acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 contained normal animals and served as the control; group 2 received lead acetate (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, oral); group 3 received lead acetate and the standard drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg b.w./day, oral); and group 4 received lead acetate and the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus seed (EECP; 800 mg/kg b.w./day, oral). Treatment was given for 28 consecutive days. The data were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance with SIGMA PLOT 13 using SYSTAT software followed by Newman-Keul's test for comparison between the groups. EECP ameliorated the adverse changes caused by lead acetate. PI3K and AKT messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were diminished in lead-acetate-treated rats. Treatment with EECP inhibited the occurrence of shrunken cells, the atrophy of glomeruli, and degenerative changes in renal tubules caused by lead acetate. Interestingly, the PI3K and AKT mRNA levels were significantly increased in EECP-treated animals. Our results clearly evidence for the first time that C. paniculatus seed extract inhibits lead-acetate-induced detrimental changes in kidneys by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movemen... more The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried h...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The kidneys are bilaterally paired organs and serve several essential functions required to maint... more The kidneys are bilaterally paired organs and serve several essential functions required to maintain a normal human physiological function. The renal size was conventionally determined on x-ray or urography by measuring the renal length distance of first lumbar vertebrae to third or fourth lumbar vertebrae. Ectopic position of the kidney can be associated with ureteric stone, vesicoureteric reflux and can predispose to iatrogenic trauma during interventional radiological and laparoscopic procedures and any surgeries. Therefore, it is important to know the variations between individuals in the level of kidney relative to the spinal column. The study aimed to analyse the morphometric and morphologic measurements of the kidney using CT angiogram in kidney donors. In this study, the length and breadth of kidney and different level of location of kidney in 100 renal donors were analysed. The study was conducted in specialised scan centres located in Chennai. Out of 100 kidney donors, 61%...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
The advent of more conservative methods of treatment for renal pathologies has necessitated a pre... more The advent of more conservative methods of treatment for renal pathologies has necessitated a precise knowledge of renal pelvicalyceal system. Knowledge on the patterns of pelvicalyceal system and its relation to the renal segmental arteries is of importance in procedures in kidney. The aim is to analyze the morphometry of calyceal system in kidney donors using 64- Slice Computed Tomography Angiography. The study was conducted in specialized scan center located in Chennai after getting appropriate permission from medical director of the center. The study group was drawn from kidney donors who approached the scan center who had no diseases related to kidney. In this study, a total of 99 kidney donors were included. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from June 2014 to September 2017. The statistical analysis and plotting of graphs were carried out using Sigma stat 13.0 (Systat Software, USA). Various patterns of the pelvicalyceal system along with morphometric dime...