Zachary Gorman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zachary Gorman

The anti-socialist campaign was a key moment in Australian history that established the ideologic... more The anti-socialist campaign was a key moment in Australian history that established the ideological discourse of Australian politics. This thesis will provide the first stand-alone narrative and analytical account of the campaign. It will examine the role the campaign played in the evolution of Australian politics from policy based groupings to permanent ideological parties. It will also analyse the ideological legacy of the campaign for Australian liberalism, as well as looking at the way that the campaign contributed to the development of an

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER ONE: A Liberal Upbringing 26 ... more 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER ONE: A Liberal Upbringing 26 CHAPTER TWO: Parkesite Politics 46 CHAPTER THREE: Minister for Public Instruction 70 CHAPTER FOUR: Reid’s Lieutenant 109 CHAPTER FIVE: Minister for Lands 141 CHAPTER SIX: Federation 172 CHAPTER SEVEN: Personal and Political Tragedy 198 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Political Wilderness 226 CHAPTER NINE: The Art of Opposition 254 CHAPTER TEN: The Clarity of Cleavage 290 CHAPTER ELEVEN: On the National Stage 323 CONCLUSION 360 BIBLIOGRAPHY 370

May 31 marked the 100th anniversary of the election of the Cook government, the first popularly e... more May 31 marked the 100th anniversary of the election of the Cook government, the first popularly elected Liberal majority government in federal Australian politics. Sir Joseph Cook is a figure often forgotten, a victim of a Liberal Party propensity to forget its pre-Menzies history. His role in demonstrating that a small-government liberal ideology could be successful at a federal level has seldom been acknowledged.

Agenda - A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 2020

While most colonies delivered overwhelming 'Yes' majorities in the referendums of 1898-1900, New ... more While most colonies delivered overwhelming 'Yes' majorities in the referendums of 1898-1900, New South Wales twice delivered sizeable 'No' minorities. On both occasions the 'No' vote centred around the free trade stronghold of Sydney, which determined that she did not want to sacrifice her independence. Up until now this remarkable rejection has received little academic attention This article argues the main reason why Sydney voted against Federation was because it cut against the main political development of the preceding years-namely Reid's successful electoral program, which championed free trade, democracy and domestic reform.

History Australia, 2018

This article compares the memoirs of Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, as well as Howard's book... more This article compares the memoirs of Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, as well as Howard's book on Menzies, examining what these works by the two most successful Liberal prime ministers indicate about the evolution of the Liberal Party's liberalism. Howard's memoirs are far more 'political', candid and ideologically engaged than those of Menzies. Howard acknowledges that politics is about political power and winning it, while Menzies was more concerned with the political leader as statesman. Howard's works can be viewed as a continuation of the 'history wars'. He wishes to create a Liberal tradition to match that of the Labor Party.

The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2018

This article looks at the popular image of William Gladstone which gradually emerged and evolved ... more This article looks at the popular image of William Gladstone which gradually emerged and evolved in the Australian Colonies throughout the nineteenth century. By using a wide variety of newspaper sources and political speeches, the piece shows how Gladstone was extensively discussed and interpreted on the far side of the 'British World'. It tracks the ups and downs of the turbulent relationship Gladstone had with the Australian Colonies over his long career, as he influenced Australian history both directly through the policies he implemented and indirectly as an inspiration for local politicians. It concludes that although Gladstone repeatedly aggravated Australian opinion both through his time at the Colonial Office and the 'soft' foreign policy he pursued as Prime Minister, his domestic popularity as a successful liberal and democratic figure was enough to make him a hero in colonial eyes. This conclusion shows how 'British World' popular sentiment was able to trump nominal local interests. This demonstrates not only the predominance of Britishness in Australian identity during this time period, but also how as a simultaneously separate yet intimately linked part of the Empire, Australians abstracted their own significance and meaning from domestic British politics.

Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2018

The nexus between the House of Representatives and the Senate as set out in Section 24 of the Aus... more The nexus between the House of Representatives and the Senate as set out in Section 24 of the Australian Constitution states that the Senate be half the size of the House of Representatives. It was a constitutional provision without precedent, the only such clause in the Australian Constitution. Little work has been done on the nexus. This paper examines how it came into existence during the Constitutional Conventions largely as the consequence of two desires. One was to protect the power of the Senate and the place of the smaller states. The other was to prevent the overexpansion of the House of Representatives. The paper then considers the first expansion of the House of Representatives in 1949 and the unsuccessful attempt, begun by Robert Menzies, to abolish the nexus in 1967 despite overwhelming support by the major political parties.

The anti-socialist campaign was a key moment in Australian history that established the ideologic... more The anti-socialist campaign was a key moment in Australian history that established the ideological discourse of Australian politics. This thesis will provide the first stand-alone narrative and analytical account of the campaign. It will examine the role the campaign played in the evolution of Australian politics from policy based groupings to permanent ideological parties. It will also analyse the ideological legacy of the campaign for Australian liberalism, as well as looking at the way that the campaign contributed to the development of an

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER ONE: A Liberal Upbringing 26 ... more 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER ONE: A Liberal Upbringing 26 CHAPTER TWO: Parkesite Politics 46 CHAPTER THREE: Minister for Public Instruction 70 CHAPTER FOUR: Reid’s Lieutenant 109 CHAPTER FIVE: Minister for Lands 141 CHAPTER SIX: Federation 172 CHAPTER SEVEN: Personal and Political Tragedy 198 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Political Wilderness 226 CHAPTER NINE: The Art of Opposition 254 CHAPTER TEN: The Clarity of Cleavage 290 CHAPTER ELEVEN: On the National Stage 323 CONCLUSION 360 BIBLIOGRAPHY 370

May 31 marked the 100th anniversary of the election of the Cook government, the first popularly e... more May 31 marked the 100th anniversary of the election of the Cook government, the first popularly elected Liberal majority government in federal Australian politics. Sir Joseph Cook is a figure often forgotten, a victim of a Liberal Party propensity to forget its pre-Menzies history. His role in demonstrating that a small-government liberal ideology could be successful at a federal level has seldom been acknowledged.

Agenda - A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, 2020

While most colonies delivered overwhelming 'Yes' majorities in the referendums of 1898-1900, New ... more While most colonies delivered overwhelming 'Yes' majorities in the referendums of 1898-1900, New South Wales twice delivered sizeable 'No' minorities. On both occasions the 'No' vote centred around the free trade stronghold of Sydney, which determined that she did not want to sacrifice her independence. Up until now this remarkable rejection has received little academic attention This article argues the main reason why Sydney voted against Federation was because it cut against the main political development of the preceding years-namely Reid's successful electoral program, which championed free trade, democracy and domestic reform.

History Australia, 2018

This article compares the memoirs of Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, as well as Howard's book... more This article compares the memoirs of Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, as well as Howard's book on Menzies, examining what these works by the two most successful Liberal prime ministers indicate about the evolution of the Liberal Party's liberalism. Howard's memoirs are far more 'political', candid and ideologically engaged than those of Menzies. Howard acknowledges that politics is about political power and winning it, while Menzies was more concerned with the political leader as statesman. Howard's works can be viewed as a continuation of the 'history wars'. He wishes to create a Liberal tradition to match that of the Labor Party.

The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2018

This article looks at the popular image of William Gladstone which gradually emerged and evolved ... more This article looks at the popular image of William Gladstone which gradually emerged and evolved in the Australian Colonies throughout the nineteenth century. By using a wide variety of newspaper sources and political speeches, the piece shows how Gladstone was extensively discussed and interpreted on the far side of the 'British World'. It tracks the ups and downs of the turbulent relationship Gladstone had with the Australian Colonies over his long career, as he influenced Australian history both directly through the policies he implemented and indirectly as an inspiration for local politicians. It concludes that although Gladstone repeatedly aggravated Australian opinion both through his time at the Colonial Office and the 'soft' foreign policy he pursued as Prime Minister, his domestic popularity as a successful liberal and democratic figure was enough to make him a hero in colonial eyes. This conclusion shows how 'British World' popular sentiment was able to trump nominal local interests. This demonstrates not only the predominance of Britishness in Australian identity during this time period, but also how as a simultaneously separate yet intimately linked part of the Empire, Australians abstracted their own significance and meaning from domestic British politics.

Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2018

The nexus between the House of Representatives and the Senate as set out in Section 24 of the Aus... more The nexus between the House of Representatives and the Senate as set out in Section 24 of the Australian Constitution states that the Senate be half the size of the House of Representatives. It was a constitutional provision without precedent, the only such clause in the Australian Constitution. Little work has been done on the nexus. This paper examines how it came into existence during the Constitutional Conventions largely as the consequence of two desires. One was to protect the power of the Senate and the place of the smaller states. The other was to prevent the overexpansion of the House of Representatives. The paper then considers the first expansion of the House of Representatives in 1949 and the unsuccessful attempt, begun by Robert Menzies, to abolish the nexus in 1967 despite overwhelming support by the major political parties.