Zahia TIGRINE - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zahia TIGRINE

Water Supply

Disposal of rejected brine is a fundamental part of reverse osmosis desalination technology, it p... more Disposal of rejected brine is a fundamental part of reverse osmosis desalination technology, it presents negative influences on the marine ecosystem due to the high salt content and the presence of other harmful chemicals in the concentrate. Solar distillation is a promising technology for brine management. The main goal of this study was to treat high salinity solution of reverse osmosis desalination brine and to recover valuable resources while producing freshwater. The implementation of the study is through two phases: the first phase includes desalination by a reverse osmosis process to produce fresh water and the concentrated brine, while the second phase consists of recovering solid salts using the solar distillation. Thus, different experiments of desalination by reverse osmosis pilot and solar distillation were carried out under optimal experimental conditions. The obtained results showed that chlorides are the most dominant constituents in the composition of brines, while t...

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology

Polymeric membranes used for selective transport and separation of metallic ions have emerged in ... more Polymeric membranes used for selective transport and separation of metallic ions have emerged in recent times. Their expansion depends on the method of preparation and their suitable structure and physico-chemical characteristics. In this paper, a novel category of membranes for ions separation is reported. The membranes were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method, using a mixture of polysulfone (PSL) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The synthesized membrane exhibited hydrophobicity and thermal stability at more than 120 °C, as well as a more or less porous structure. The competitive transport of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions through the polymeric membranes was studied. Competitive transport experiments through the synthesized membranes showed that Ni(II) was selectively and efficiently transported by the three types of membranes, a transport efficiency exceeding well over 45% being achieved by using the PSL based membrane...

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2021

In this paper, a modified multiple effect distillation (MED) system will be studied for a minimal... more In this paper, a modified multiple effect distillation (MED) system will be studied for a minimal water footprint in the Algerian desert, as to preserve the aquifer and for a sustainable use of this later. In fact, the water footprint is the most important factor to take into consideration in the treatment of the brackish underground water in the Algerian desert to preserve this unique source of water. The modification of MED system consists on the change of the last water condenser of the unit for a hybrid condenser (water and air condenser). For this purpose, a MED system is studied for its high recovery ratio for brackish water treatment, its flexibility with different salt concentrations, its low thermal energy need, and its robustness. The results show that the introduction of a hybrid condenser in the system allows a minimal water footprint, which is expressed by the cooling water ratio running from 4 to 18 times less than a standard water condenser system. This new configuration is applicable for a top brine temperature ranging between 75°C to 100°C. Otherwise, for low-temperature MED, the total heat area of the system would reach twice the total heat area of a standard MED system. Finally, a nine effects standard MED system rejects six times the feed water quantity at a higher temperature than that of the aquifer's from the last condenser and 4%-10% of brine. Whereas, the modified MED system will reject only 4%-10% of the brine at the end of the process and zero cooling water, which is a satisfactory result for a sustainable exploitation of the aquifer.

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2021

The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for wate... more The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for water treatment. Polymeric membranes (CTP and CTP-Acid) were developed from solutions containing cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polysulfone (PSF), using maleic acid (MA) and acetic acid (AA) as additives and chloroform/dioxane as solvent. The NIPS-type phase inversion method was chosen as the membrane film manufacturing technique. The incorporation of 2.5% and 5% by weight of acids in the membrane mixture allowed us to study the additive effect on the morphological structure, and to predict the performance of the membranes formed. The characterization of the membranes was performed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Examining the flux, permeability and selectivity of the membranes also permitted to study the efficiency and performance of each membrane. The addition of AA and MA additives within the mixture increased the hydrophilic character and improved the flux rate by incre...

The distillation process in the general sense is a relatively simple technique from the standpoin... more The distillation process in the general sense is a relatively simple technique from the standpoints of its principles. When dedicating distillation to water treatment and specifically producing fresh water from sea, ocean and/ briny waters it is interesting to notice that distillation has no limitations or domains of applicability regarding the nature or the type of the feedstock water. This is not the case however for other techniques that are technologically quite complex, necessitate bigger capital investments and are limited in their usability. In a previous paper we have explored some of the effects of temperature on yield. In this paper, we continue building onto that knowledge base and focus on the effects of several additional engineering and design variables on productivity.

The tray/multi-tray distillation process is a topic that has been investigated to great detail ov... more The tray/multi-tray distillation process is a topic that has been investigated to great detail over the last decade by many teams such as Jubran et al. [1], Adhikari et al. [2], Mowla et al. [3], Shatat et al. [4] and Fath [5] to name a few. A significant amount of work and effort was spent focusing on modeling and/simulation of specific distillation hardware designs. In this work, we have focused our efforts on investigating and gathering experimental data on several engineering and design variables to quantify their influence on the yield of the multi-tray distillation process. Our goals are to generate experimental performance data to bridge some existing gaps in the design, engineering, optimization and theoretical modeling aspects of the multi-tray distillation process.

Water and Environment Journal, 2020

The purpose of this study is to optimize the operating conditions in batch mode using Box-Behnken... more The purpose of this study is to optimize the operating conditions in batch mode using Box-Behnken Design (BBD), for the coagulation-flocculation line sizing prior the sand filter in the pilot scale. Three coagulants were employed to achieve a high turbidity removal with a low concentration of residual metals. The results showed that the best turbidity removal was obtained with FeCl 3. Using BBD (15 experiments), the optimal parameters were: coagulant dose = 5.5 mg FeCl 3 /L, slow stirring time = 33 min and slow stirring velocity = 45 rpm, in these conditions, the turbidity removal reached 94.89% and the residual iron concentration was 0.449 mg/L. Regarding the model fit, the obtained R 2 values were 99.67% for turbidity removal and 99.47% for residual iron concentration. The optimum conditions obtained from this study could be scaled up and applied to desalination plants. BBD approach is of a great interest since it allows the prediction of the response value without performing experiments.

2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 2017

The solar power potential of Algeria is huge and enormous. Solar energy is promising source for w... more The solar power potential of Algeria is huge and enormous. Solar energy is promising source for water desalination notably in the south regions of Algeria for fresh and drinking water providing. Solar thermal energy can be used to run thermal desalination plants such as multi-effect desalination processes (MED). In this work, solar collectors and Multi Effects desalination unit used to produce fresh water from brackish water have been proposed. Mathematic models based on energy and mass balances of various components of the MED plant (evaporator, condenser, flashing chamber) as well as for the parabolic trough collectors have been developed. The global model of the proposed system has been numerically solved and the results have been presented and analyzed. To validate the obtained simulations results, the plant performances are compared with the results available on the literature. The results show clearly that the solar MED technology may provide a key solution for freshwater deficit in the southern area of Algeria.

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2021

The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for trea... more The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for treating purified wastewater. Polymeric membranes have been developed from solutions containing cellulose acetate (AC) and polysulfone (PSF), using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additive. The phase inversion method was chosen as a technique for producing the membrane films. The incorporation of PEG allowed us to study the effect of the additive on the morphological structure, and to predict the performance of the membranes formed. Examining the flux, permeability and selectivity of the membranes allowed studying the efficiency and performance of each membrane. The application results achieved in wastewater treatment at Chenoua/TIPAZA station were very satisfactory and in accordance with the standards required by WHO. The optimal performance, in terms of permeability and selectivity, was obtained for the MC membrane with the composition: PSF/PEG/AC of...

2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 2018

The management of concentrated brine waste is the main challenge of seawater desalination by reve... more The management of concentrated brine waste is the main challenge of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) because of its negative impacts on the contamination of soil, ground water, and the marine eco-system. Consequently, it is necessary to develop alternative methods for brine treatment that allow the reducing of the negative effect on the marine environment. This paper investigates also diverse environmental impacts associated with brine and its disposal methods; it highlights also the desalination process in Algeria by presenting some statistics about RO brine. According to the experts, the desalination of seawater in Algeria passed from 2.26 million m3 per day in 2011 to 2,580,000 in 2020, with the optimum recovery ratio of 45%, which indicate that the discharged brine quantity is important than the desalted water. In that sense and according to the brine management analyses, the brine recovering methods are depending to many parameters, which make the choice of such me...

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2019

The performance of a membrane is a key factor in predicting its reliability. Designing membranes ... more The performance of a membrane is a key factor in predicting its reliability. Designing membranes depends on their morphological and molecular characteristics for specific applications. This work focuses on improving the behavior of a cellulose acetate-polysulfone PSf-CA membrane in the presence of PEG 400 additive, in different concentrations, using thermal annealing on the surface of the membrane. The membrane was prepared by the NIPS phase inversion process; the surfaces of the obtained membrane films were subjected to thermal annealing at 75 °C for 15 seconds. The influence of the composition of the polymer mixture, the concentration of the additive and the annealing effect on the performance of the membranes were studied. The membranes were characterized in terms of contact angle and mechanical resistance, as well as by FTIR, DSC, ATG and SEM. Measurements of the contact angle confirmed the hydrophilic character, which increased with a rising level of PEG in the casting solution. The results showed that the permeation flux increased for the highest PSf/PEG ratio. SEM results suggested that the annealing treatment improved the surface of the membrane; the surface layers became denser and smoother, with a porous intermediate layer, as CA concentrations rose in the mixture. The fluoride reject was evaluated for all the membranes, the obtained fluoride retention rates were very satisfactory and met the standards required by WHO.

Magnetohydrodynamics, 2015

Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 2015

Seawater desalination techniques are sustainable, but their use is limited in rich countries. How... more Seawater desalination techniques are sustainable, but their use is limited in rich countries. However, in recent years, the capacity of desalination stations has greatly increased and production costs by m3 experienced a sharp decline. Seawater and brackish water desalination using solar energy witnesses a growing interest in some developing countries. Solar distillation is a technically feasible, simple, profitable, and operational method for the production of freshwater. This thermal process is a key to future water problems in the water poorest regions, namely arid and isolated sites in southern Algeria as it permits to desalinate brackish water and treated wastewater reuse concentrated salt. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and the internal components of solar still on its operation. An experimental examination of a solar distiller performance is realized and designed by a team of research of UDES. The daily instantaneous and global yield will be examined to show the temperatures’ influence on the different distiller elements as well as on the quantity of distillate produced. Also, a comparison of different geometries with energy storage has been undertaken in order to study the influence of geometry on the production of distilled water.

Le travail porte sur une étude expérimentale des instabilités d’un écoulement constitué de deux f... more Le travail porte sur une étude expérimentale des instabilités d’un écoulement constitué de deux fluides non miscibles entre deux sphères concentriques où la sphère intérieure est en rotation et la sphère extérieure est maintenue fixe. On s’intéresse aux effets du taux de remplissage de chaque fluide sur les conditions d’apparition des instabilités de type Taylor-Couette.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

This paper deals with engineering investigation and equipment design of a new multi-stage distill... more This paper deals with engineering investigation and equipment design of a new multi-stage distillation system. The facility was designed in UDES center with the objective of increasing its productivity and improving its efficiency. Distillation device consists one of important process to produce fresh and clean water from brackish water that is abundant in many remote areas of south Algeria. In general, the production rate of the conventional solar still shows a daily production of 5 l/m2d which depends strongly on the material used and equipment design together with different factors. In comparison, Multi tray still mounted with four stages is more profitable in term of the output than a simple still. The various results, from which the effect of the boiler temperature Tb is presented in the range 75°C

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014

Water Supply

Disposal of rejected brine is a fundamental part of reverse osmosis desalination technology, it p... more Disposal of rejected brine is a fundamental part of reverse osmosis desalination technology, it presents negative influences on the marine ecosystem due to the high salt content and the presence of other harmful chemicals in the concentrate. Solar distillation is a promising technology for brine management. The main goal of this study was to treat high salinity solution of reverse osmosis desalination brine and to recover valuable resources while producing freshwater. The implementation of the study is through two phases: the first phase includes desalination by a reverse osmosis process to produce fresh water and the concentrated brine, while the second phase consists of recovering solid salts using the solar distillation. Thus, different experiments of desalination by reverse osmosis pilot and solar distillation were carried out under optimal experimental conditions. The obtained results showed that chlorides are the most dominant constituents in the composition of brines, while t...

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology

Polymeric membranes used for selective transport and separation of metallic ions have emerged in ... more Polymeric membranes used for selective transport and separation of metallic ions have emerged in recent times. Their expansion depends on the method of preparation and their suitable structure and physico-chemical characteristics. In this paper, a novel category of membranes for ions separation is reported. The membranes were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method, using a mixture of polysulfone (PSL) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The synthesized membrane exhibited hydrophobicity and thermal stability at more than 120 °C, as well as a more or less porous structure. The competitive transport of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions through the polymeric membranes was studied. Competitive transport experiments through the synthesized membranes showed that Ni(II) was selectively and efficiently transported by the three types of membranes, a transport efficiency exceeding well over 45% being achieved by using the PSL based membrane...

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2021

In this paper, a modified multiple effect distillation (MED) system will be studied for a minimal... more In this paper, a modified multiple effect distillation (MED) system will be studied for a minimal water footprint in the Algerian desert, as to preserve the aquifer and for a sustainable use of this later. In fact, the water footprint is the most important factor to take into consideration in the treatment of the brackish underground water in the Algerian desert to preserve this unique source of water. The modification of MED system consists on the change of the last water condenser of the unit for a hybrid condenser (water and air condenser). For this purpose, a MED system is studied for its high recovery ratio for brackish water treatment, its flexibility with different salt concentrations, its low thermal energy need, and its robustness. The results show that the introduction of a hybrid condenser in the system allows a minimal water footprint, which is expressed by the cooling water ratio running from 4 to 18 times less than a standard water condenser system. This new configuration is applicable for a top brine temperature ranging between 75°C to 100°C. Otherwise, for low-temperature MED, the total heat area of the system would reach twice the total heat area of a standard MED system. Finally, a nine effects standard MED system rejects six times the feed water quantity at a higher temperature than that of the aquifer's from the last condenser and 4%-10% of brine. Whereas, the modified MED system will reject only 4%-10% of the brine at the end of the process and zero cooling water, which is a satisfactory result for a sustainable exploitation of the aquifer.

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2021

The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for wate... more The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for water treatment. Polymeric membranes (CTP and CTP-Acid) were developed from solutions containing cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polysulfone (PSF), using maleic acid (MA) and acetic acid (AA) as additives and chloroform/dioxane as solvent. The NIPS-type phase inversion method was chosen as the membrane film manufacturing technique. The incorporation of 2.5% and 5% by weight of acids in the membrane mixture allowed us to study the additive effect on the morphological structure, and to predict the performance of the membranes formed. The characterization of the membranes was performed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Examining the flux, permeability and selectivity of the membranes also permitted to study the efficiency and performance of each membrane. The addition of AA and MA additives within the mixture increased the hydrophilic character and improved the flux rate by incre...

The distillation process in the general sense is a relatively simple technique from the standpoin... more The distillation process in the general sense is a relatively simple technique from the standpoints of its principles. When dedicating distillation to water treatment and specifically producing fresh water from sea, ocean and/ briny waters it is interesting to notice that distillation has no limitations or domains of applicability regarding the nature or the type of the feedstock water. This is not the case however for other techniques that are technologically quite complex, necessitate bigger capital investments and are limited in their usability. In a previous paper we have explored some of the effects of temperature on yield. In this paper, we continue building onto that knowledge base and focus on the effects of several additional engineering and design variables on productivity.

The tray/multi-tray distillation process is a topic that has been investigated to great detail ov... more The tray/multi-tray distillation process is a topic that has been investigated to great detail over the last decade by many teams such as Jubran et al. [1], Adhikari et al. [2], Mowla et al. [3], Shatat et al. [4] and Fath [5] to name a few. A significant amount of work and effort was spent focusing on modeling and/simulation of specific distillation hardware designs. In this work, we have focused our efforts on investigating and gathering experimental data on several engineering and design variables to quantify their influence on the yield of the multi-tray distillation process. Our goals are to generate experimental performance data to bridge some existing gaps in the design, engineering, optimization and theoretical modeling aspects of the multi-tray distillation process.

Water and Environment Journal, 2020

The purpose of this study is to optimize the operating conditions in batch mode using Box-Behnken... more The purpose of this study is to optimize the operating conditions in batch mode using Box-Behnken Design (BBD), for the coagulation-flocculation line sizing prior the sand filter in the pilot scale. Three coagulants were employed to achieve a high turbidity removal with a low concentration of residual metals. The results showed that the best turbidity removal was obtained with FeCl 3. Using BBD (15 experiments), the optimal parameters were: coagulant dose = 5.5 mg FeCl 3 /L, slow stirring time = 33 min and slow stirring velocity = 45 rpm, in these conditions, the turbidity removal reached 94.89% and the residual iron concentration was 0.449 mg/L. Regarding the model fit, the obtained R 2 values were 99.67% for turbidity removal and 99.47% for residual iron concentration. The optimum conditions obtained from this study could be scaled up and applied to desalination plants. BBD approach is of a great interest since it allows the prediction of the response value without performing experiments.

2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 2017

The solar power potential of Algeria is huge and enormous. Solar energy is promising source for w... more The solar power potential of Algeria is huge and enormous. Solar energy is promising source for water desalination notably in the south regions of Algeria for fresh and drinking water providing. Solar thermal energy can be used to run thermal desalination plants such as multi-effect desalination processes (MED). In this work, solar collectors and Multi Effects desalination unit used to produce fresh water from brackish water have been proposed. Mathematic models based on energy and mass balances of various components of the MED plant (evaporator, condenser, flashing chamber) as well as for the parabolic trough collectors have been developed. The global model of the proposed system has been numerically solved and the results have been presented and analyzed. To validate the obtained simulations results, the plant performances are compared with the results available on the literature. The results show clearly that the solar MED technology may provide a key solution for freshwater deficit in the southern area of Algeria.

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2021

The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for trea... more The main objective of this work has been to study the performance of membranes developed for treating purified wastewater. Polymeric membranes have been developed from solutions containing cellulose acetate (AC) and polysulfone (PSF), using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additive. The phase inversion method was chosen as a technique for producing the membrane films. The incorporation of PEG allowed us to study the effect of the additive on the morphological structure, and to predict the performance of the membranes formed. Examining the flux, permeability and selectivity of the membranes allowed studying the efficiency and performance of each membrane. The application results achieved in wastewater treatment at Chenoua/TIPAZA station were very satisfactory and in accordance with the standards required by WHO. The optimal performance, in terms of permeability and selectivity, was obtained for the MC membrane with the composition: PSF/PEG/AC of...

2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 2018

The management of concentrated brine waste is the main challenge of seawater desalination by reve... more The management of concentrated brine waste is the main challenge of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) because of its negative impacts on the contamination of soil, ground water, and the marine eco-system. Consequently, it is necessary to develop alternative methods for brine treatment that allow the reducing of the negative effect on the marine environment. This paper investigates also diverse environmental impacts associated with brine and its disposal methods; it highlights also the desalination process in Algeria by presenting some statistics about RO brine. According to the experts, the desalination of seawater in Algeria passed from 2.26 million m3 per day in 2011 to 2,580,000 in 2020, with the optimum recovery ratio of 45%, which indicate that the discharged brine quantity is important than the desalted water. In that sense and according to the brine management analyses, the brine recovering methods are depending to many parameters, which make the choice of such me...

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2019

The performance of a membrane is a key factor in predicting its reliability. Designing membranes ... more The performance of a membrane is a key factor in predicting its reliability. Designing membranes depends on their morphological and molecular characteristics for specific applications. This work focuses on improving the behavior of a cellulose acetate-polysulfone PSf-CA membrane in the presence of PEG 400 additive, in different concentrations, using thermal annealing on the surface of the membrane. The membrane was prepared by the NIPS phase inversion process; the surfaces of the obtained membrane films were subjected to thermal annealing at 75 °C for 15 seconds. The influence of the composition of the polymer mixture, the concentration of the additive and the annealing effect on the performance of the membranes were studied. The membranes were characterized in terms of contact angle and mechanical resistance, as well as by FTIR, DSC, ATG and SEM. Measurements of the contact angle confirmed the hydrophilic character, which increased with a rising level of PEG in the casting solution. The results showed that the permeation flux increased for the highest PSf/PEG ratio. SEM results suggested that the annealing treatment improved the surface of the membrane; the surface layers became denser and smoother, with a porous intermediate layer, as CA concentrations rose in the mixture. The fluoride reject was evaluated for all the membranes, the obtained fluoride retention rates were very satisfactory and met the standards required by WHO.

Magnetohydrodynamics, 2015

Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 2015

Seawater desalination techniques are sustainable, but their use is limited in rich countries. How... more Seawater desalination techniques are sustainable, but their use is limited in rich countries. However, in recent years, the capacity of desalination stations has greatly increased and production costs by m3 experienced a sharp decline. Seawater and brackish water desalination using solar energy witnesses a growing interest in some developing countries. Solar distillation is a technically feasible, simple, profitable, and operational method for the production of freshwater. This thermal process is a key to future water problems in the water poorest regions, namely arid and isolated sites in southern Algeria as it permits to desalinate brackish water and treated wastewater reuse concentrated salt. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and the internal components of solar still on its operation. An experimental examination of a solar distiller performance is realized and designed by a team of research of UDES. The daily instantaneous and global yield will be examined to show the temperatures’ influence on the different distiller elements as well as on the quantity of distillate produced. Also, a comparison of different geometries with energy storage has been undertaken in order to study the influence of geometry on the production of distilled water.

Le travail porte sur une étude expérimentale des instabilités d’un écoulement constitué de deux f... more Le travail porte sur une étude expérimentale des instabilités d’un écoulement constitué de deux fluides non miscibles entre deux sphères concentriques où la sphère intérieure est en rotation et la sphère extérieure est maintenue fixe. On s’intéresse aux effets du taux de remplissage de chaque fluide sur les conditions d’apparition des instabilités de type Taylor-Couette.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

This paper deals with engineering investigation and equipment design of a new multi-stage distill... more This paper deals with engineering investigation and equipment design of a new multi-stage distillation system. The facility was designed in UDES center with the objective of increasing its productivity and improving its efficiency. Distillation device consists one of important process to produce fresh and clean water from brackish water that is abundant in many remote areas of south Algeria. In general, the production rate of the conventional solar still shows a daily production of 5 l/m2d which depends strongly on the material used and equipment design together with different factors. In comparison, Multi tray still mounted with four stages is more profitable in term of the output than a simple still. The various results, from which the effect of the boiler temperature Tb is presented in the range 75°C

Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014