Zahra Mohammed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zahra Mohammed

European Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Feb 10, 2022

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in sheep in municipality of El-... more This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in sheep in municipality of El-Beida, Libya. To achieve the goal, samples were collected from October 2020 to April 2021. The lungs of 525 sheep carcasses were subjected to gross examination and those suspected to be infected with pneumonia were studied at histopathological level. Pneumonia was detected in 141(26.9%) carcasses. Based on histopathological lesions 40.4% with interstitial pneumonia 37.6% with fibrinous bronchopneumonia, 14.2% were affected with suppurative bronchopneumonia, 3.5% with haemorrhagic pneumonia, 2.1% were affected with pleuritis and 1.4 % with embolic pneumonia. In addition 0.7% of the lungs showed aspiration pneumonia. The most common form of pneumonia was interstitial pneumonia and the gross and histological lesions of the different forms of pneumonia were consistent with the findings of other studies. In conclusion, the results of this study indicates that the prevalence of pneumonia in slaughtered sheep is relatively high and seems to be the most important condition in sheep in Libya. Further studies are recommended to identify the etiological agents of pneumonia in sheep.

Summary available: p. 2-6

International Journal of Surgery, Nov 1, 2016

Aim: To determine the prognostic power of the combined endocrine receptor (CER), a surrogate mark... more Aim: To determine the prognostic power of the combined endocrine receptor (CER), a surrogate marker of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) functional cross talk and validate in a separate breast cancer patient cohort. Methods: ER and PR were centrally retested for 557 early breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry with accurate follow up. Tumour Allred ER and PR scores were reclassified as negative, low and high and the CER calculated as the average of the reclassified ER and PR scores, resulting in 3 groups: CER negative, impaired and high. Results: In multivariate analysis the CER was independently prognostic for 5 years DFS (HR 0.393, CI 0.283-0.548, P¼0.00001) and BCSS (HR 0.553, CI 0.423-0.722, P¼2.506 x10-8). In ER+ patients impaired CER was an independent marker of poor outcome in multivariate analysis which included all recognised prognostic indices for 5 years DFS (HR 2.469 CI 1.049-5.810, P¼0.038) and BCSS (HR 1.946 CI 1.054-3.596 P¼0.033) These results were validated in a separate cohort of patients. Conclusion: CER is a more powerful discriminator of patient outcome than either ER or PR. Economical and simple, it can identify risk in ER+ early breast cancer and potentially be utilised for adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy decision-making.

Human Pathology, Aug 1, 2013

Background: Cancer-associated inflammation is increasingly recognised to be an important determin... more Background: Cancer-associated inflammation is increasingly recognised to be an important determinant of oncological outcome. In colorectal cancer, the presence of peritumoural inflammatory/lymphocytic infiltrates predicts improved survival. To date, these infiltrates, assessed visually on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections, have failed to enter routine clinical practice, partly due to their subjective assessment and considerable inter-observer variation. The present study aims to develop an automated scoring method to enable consistent and reproducible assessment of tumour inflammatory infiltrates in colorectal cancer. Methods: 154 colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection were included in the study. The local inflammatory infiltrate was assessed using the method described by Klintrup-Makinen. H&E tumour sections were uploaded to an image analysis programme (Slidepath, Leica Biosystems). An image analysis algorithm was developed to count the inflammatory cells at the invasive margin. The manual and automated assessments of the tumour inflammatory infiltrates were then compared. Results: The automated inflammatory cell counts assessed using the freehand annotation method (p < 0.001) and the rectangular box method (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with both K-M score (p < 0.001) and K-M grade (p < 0.001). The inflammatory cell counts were divided using quartiles to group tumours with similar inflammatory cell densities. There was good agreement between the manual and automated scoring methods (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.82). Similar to the visual K-M scoring system, the automated K-M classification of the inflammatory cell counts, using quartiles, was significantly associated with

Histopathology, Jul 2, 2012

British Journal of Cancer, 2012

BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 protein is widely used to assess tumour proliferation, ... more BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 protein is widely used to assess tumour proliferation, and is an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. There is interest in automating the assessment of Ki-67 labelling index (LI) with possible benefits in handling increased workload, with improved accuracy and precision. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Visual and automated assessment of Ki-67 LI and survival were examined in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer. Tissue microarrays (n ¼ 379 patients) immunostained for Ki-67 were scored visually and automatically with the Slidepath Tissue IA system. RESULTS: Visual and automated Ki-67 LI were in excellent agreement (ICCC ¼ 0.96, Po0.001). On univariate analysis, visual (Po0.001) and automated Ki67 LI (Po0.05) were associated with cancer-specific survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer overall and in patients who received endocrine therapy (Tamoxifen) (Po0.01 for visual and Po0.05 for automated scoring). CONCLUSION: Automated assessment of Ki-67 LI would appear to be comparable to visual Ki-67 LI. However, automated Ki-67 LI assessment was inferior in predicting cancer survival in patients with breast cancer, including patients who received Tamoxifen.

Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oct 23, 2015

STAT1 loss has previously been implicated in cell line studies to modify prostate cancer cell gro... more STAT1 loss has previously been implicated in cell line studies to modify prostate cancer cell growth and survival, however the clinical significance of this has not been previously been established. This study investigated if STAT1 loss was associated with patient outcome measures and the phenotypic consequence of STAT1 silencing. STAT1 expression was assessed in two patient cohorts with localised (n=78) and advanced prostate cancer at initial diagnosis (n=39) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Impact of STAT1 silencing on prostate cancer cells lines was assessed using Cell Death detection ELISA, TLDA gene signature apoptosis arrays, WST-1 assay, xCELLigence system, clonogenic assay and wound healing assay. In the localised patient cohort, low expression of STAT1 was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (3.8 vs 7.3 years, p=0.02) and disease specific survival (6.6 vs 9.3 years, p=0.05). In the advanced patient cohort, low expression was associated with shorter time to disease recurrence (2.0 vs 3.9 years, p=0.001). When STAT1 was silenced in PC3 cells (AR negative) and LNCaP cells (AR positive) silencing did not influence levels of apoptosis in either cell line and had little effect on cell viability in the LNCaP cells. In contrast, STAT1 silencing in the PC3 cells resulted in a pronounced increase in cell viability (WST-1 assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, p<0.001), clonagenicity (clonogenic assay: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, p<0.001) and migration (wound healing: mock silenced vs STAT1 silenced, p<0.001). In conclusion, loss of STAT1 may promote prostate cancer recurrence in AR negative patients via increasing cell viability.

Microbiology research journal international, Jun 14, 2022

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author ZMAM designed the study, ... more This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author ZMAM designed the study, managed the literature searches, collected the sample, diagnosed the cases, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author WMI processed the samples, stained and cut the sections. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Annals of Oncology, 2014

ABSTRACT Aim: Lymphovascular invasion (LBVI) including lymphatic (LV) and blood (BVI) vessel inva... more ABSTRACT Aim: Lymphovascular invasion (LBVI) including lymphatic (LV) and blood (BVI) vessel invasion is a critical step in cancer metastasis. In breast cancer, the optimal detection method of LBVI remains unclear. This research aimed to compare the prognostic value of different assessment of the LVI and BVI in patients with early breast cancer. Methods: The study cohort included 360 patients with a median follow-up of 168 months. LBVI on H&E sections (LBVIH&E) was identfied fom reviewing H&E slides. Immunohistohemical stining for D2-40 and Factor VIII was performed to identify LVID2-40 and BVIFVIII. Results: LBVIH&E, LVID2-40 and BVIFVIII were present in 102(28%), 127(35%) and 59(16%) patients respectively. In node negative patinets (206), LBVIH&E, LVID2-40 and BVIFVIII were present in 41(20%), 53(26%) and 21(10%) respectively. In tripe negative patients (150), LBVIH&E, LVID2-40 and BVIFVIII were present in 47(31%), 61(41%) and 21(14%) respectively. LBVIH&E was significantly associated with tumour recurrence in the whole cohort (P Conclusions: Assessment of LVI and BVI by IHC using D2-40 and Factor VIII improves prediction of outcome in patients with node negative and triple negative breast cancer. These results make a case for routine clinical assessment of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion by IHC to ascertain LVI and BVI. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

British Journal of Cancer, May 29, 2014

Background: The percentage of tumour stroma (TSP) has recently been reported to be a novel indepe... more Background: The percentage of tumour stroma (TSP) has recently been reported to be a novel independent predictor of outcome in patients with a variety of common solid organ tumours. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between TSP, clinicopathological characteristics and outcome in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer, in particular node negative and triple negative disease. Methods: A total of 361 patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer were included in this study. The TSP was assessed visually on the haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. With a cutoff value of 50% TSP, patients with p50% stroma were classified as the low-TSP group and those with 450% stroma were classified as the high-TSP group. Results: A total of 109 (30%) patients had high TSP. Patients with high TSP were old age (P ¼ 0.035), had more Her-2-positive tumours (P ¼ 0.029), low-grade tumour inflammatory infiltrate (P ¼ 0.034), low CD68 þ macrophage infiltrate (Po0.001), low CD4 þ (P ¼ 0.023) and low CD8 þ T-lymphocytes infiltrate (P ¼ 0.017), tumour recurrence (P ¼ 0.015) and shorter cancer-specific survival (Po0.001). In node-negative patients (n ¼ 207), high TSP was associated with low CD68 þ macrophage infiltrate (P ¼ 0.001), low CD4 þ (P ¼ 0.040) and low CD8 þ T-lymphocytes infiltrate (P ¼ 0.016) and shorter cancer-specific survival (P ¼ 0.005). In triple negative patients (n ¼ 151), high TSP was associated with high tumour grade (P ¼ o0.001), lymph node positivity (P ¼ 0.027), low CD68 þ macrophage infiltrate (P ¼ 0.011) and shorter cancer-specific survival (P ¼ 0.035). The 15-year cancer-specific survival rate was 79% vs 21% in the low-TSP group vs high-TSP group. In multivariate survival analysis, a high TSP was associated with reduced cancer-specific survival in the whole cohort (P ¼ 0.001), node-negative patients (P ¼ 0.007) and those who received systemic adjuvant therapy (P ¼ 0.021), independent of other pathological characteristics including host inflammatory response. However, TSP was not an independent prognostic factor for triple negative patients (P ¼ 0.151). Conclusions: A high TSP in primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer was associated with recurrence and poorer long-term survival. The inverse relation with the tumour inflammatory infiltrate highlights the importance of the amount of tumour stroma on immunological response in patients with primary operable ductal breast cancer. Implementing this simple and reproducible parameter in routine pathological examination may help optimise risk stratification in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer.

The Journal of Pathology, 2011

Adrenal cortical adenomas occur in about 5% of the population while adrenal cortical carcinoma is... more Adrenal cortical adenomas occur in about 5% of the population while adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare, but very aggressive, tumour. Most carcinomas are easily diagnosed because they are obviously invasive or metastatic at presentation. However, it is important to identify malignant potential in intra-adrenal tumours. Multifactorial histological approaches have been the most commonly used approach in making the distinction between benign and malignant lesions and the uses and limitations of these will be discussed eg. in the diagnosis of oncocytic tumours. There are now a number of published studies on molecular genetic changes in benign and malignant tumours, and some have suggested that particular changes have prognostic importance in carcinoma. Abnormalities in the β-catenin pathway and overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in carcinomas appear to be important. Adrenocortical hyperplasia has long been recognised as associated with Cushing’s disease (pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome) and ectopic adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) syndrome. It is now recognised that hyperplasia may also be associated with ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome, in which the adrenal expresses aberrant receptors and responds to hormones other than ACTH.

*Mean (95%CI).(n = 118).</p

Summary available: p. 2-6

Microbiology Research Journal International

Aims: To determine a first estimate of the prevalence of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (OPA) in ... more Aims: To determine a first estimate of the prevalence of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (OPA) in slaughtered sheep in East of Libya and to investigate morphopathological characteristics of OPA forms in native sheep of Libya. Study Design: This study was carried out in some El-Beida slaughterhouses (in an eastern part of Libya) during the period from October 2020 to April 2021. Methods: The animal involved in this study was native sheep of more than 4 months age. Lungs of 525 sheep carcasses were examined then full sections (n= 141) were used for histopathological examination. Results: OPA was detected in 1.1% of all examined cases and in 2.97% of affected lungs. 4 out of 6 sheep, showed the classical form whereas atypical lesions were detected in 2 out of 6 sheep. Histopathological changes were almost similar in the two forms of the disease. Conclusion: OPA is well documented for the first time in sheep from El-Beida area and classical and atypical forms of OPA were reported and des...

(n = 483).</p

The relationship between clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with ER- negati... more The relationship between clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with ER- negative primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer and recurrence-free/cancer- specific survival.</p

(A) Representative examples of invasive breast carcinomas in a tissue microarray contain... more (A) Representative examples of invasive breast carcinomas in a tissue microarray containing 483 breast cancers which were positive (left) and negative (right) for RUNX1 expression. Note the nuclear staining in the tumour epithelium. Scale bar represents 100 µm. (B) The association between the absence and the presence of RUNX1 and cancer-specific survival in primary operable breast cancer (n = 483). Survival curves are plotted for patients with cancers scored positive for RUNX1 (solid line), or negative for RUNX1 expression (dotted line). P>0.1, P-value calculated using Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test.</p

RUNX1 expression by western blot on a panel of human breast cancer cell lines with basal... more RUNX1 expression by western blot on a panel of human breast cancer cell lines with basal–like (HCC-70, BT-549, BT-20, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468) and luminal-like (BT-474, MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-361) features. HDAC2 used as a loading control. hMEC-TERT; immortalized human mammary epithelial cells.</p

The relationship between clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with triple neg... more The relationship between clinic-pathological characteristics of patients with triple negative primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer and recurrence-free/cancer- specific survival.</p

*Mean (95%CI).</p

European Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Feb 10, 2022

Summary available: p. 2-6

International Journal of Surgery, Nov 1, 2016

Human Pathology, Aug 1, 2013

Histopathology, Jul 2, 2012

British Journal of Cancer, 2012

Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oct 23, 2015

Microbiology research journal international, Jun 14, 2022

Annals of Oncology, 2014

British Journal of Cancer, May 29, 2014

The Journal of Pathology, 2011

*Mean (95%CI).(n = 118).</p

Summary available: p. 2-6

Microbiology Research Journal International

(n = 483).</p

*Mean (95%CI).</p