Zahra Sadeghi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
ALLS Future, Current & Past Issues by Zahra Sadeghi
In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works... more In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works. It is a wrong notion to think of modernity as a rejection of tradition and just in search of novelty since there is a strong connection between modernity and tradition. Thomas Mann is different from his contemporaries in the attention he pays to the past as well as the present. This article examines the importance of the relation of Thomas Mann to both myth and psychology. The significance of the mixture between modernity and tradition, the contemporary elements and the mythological figures, myth and psychology in his masterpiece Death in Venice is going to be discussed.
Iranian EFL Journal, 2015
Chinua Achebe in his novels Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and Arrow of God gives us a uni... more Chinua Achebe in his novels Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and Arrow of God gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of Christianity and colonization and afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people, how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in these novels, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white society.
Colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of the cultural constructs tha... more Colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of the cultural constructs that are operating in all over the world are the products of colonial contexts. Such colonial constructs adhere to English and English language teaching that are at the center of colonialism and play a significant role in the contemporary world. During the nineteenth century Britain became the most important, specious, and the strongest imperial power, and by the turn of the twentieth century it ruled one quarter of the earth’s surface, including countries such as Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand, and other domains in Africa, South America, the West Indies, and Southeast Asia. There should be a reason behind this high speed and extensive colonization which is almost evident to everyone that West intruded into the government, education, cultural values, and daily lives of colonized people in order
to change their identity and shape them in a way West profited and also native colonized people let them to do that. The first step colonizer took to the colonized subjects was to present them brutish savages without any language and civilization, and the first tool they used in front of colonized people was the language they brought with themselves. In this article, the focus of research is on the language as a cultural tool and different factors will be discussed such as how colonizers use it to accomplish their colonial goals and the various attitudes that the Negro adopts in contact with white colonization with regard to the examples from Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart.
Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before t... more Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of
Christianity and colonization and the era afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and
values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people,
how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and
subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in this novel, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots
of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and
to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white
society. Frantz Fanon’s theories on the relation between language and culture or language and civilization, as well as his
discussion of White notion of Blacks and Blacks’ conception of themselves are discussed and analyzed in Achebe’s
masterpiece Things Fall Apart to prove that black people attempted to make up for their deep feeling of incompleteness
by imitating white people and forming a white personality in a black statue as a result of their own conscious volition.
Colonization and imperialism are of those interesting critical conversation throughout the world ... more Colonization and imperialism are of those interesting critical conversation throughout the world and this study examines how English theater addressed, promoted, and at times challenged ideologies of colonization and notions of civility and civilization. The Tempest in regarded as a New World drama by many critics because of colonization and civilization debates presented on the London stage and depiction of the colonizers and the colonized to present and, at the same time, question those colonial debates. Shakespeare depicts the New World’s indigenous cultures in an ambiguous way to both present and question the ideologies of empire. This dramatization of the “other” helped sixteenth and seventeenth century audiences to recognize New World indigenous peoples as different rather than uncivilized and reevaluate what they have read or heard of these native peoples. Shakespeare presented the contemporary rhetoric through the medium of the theater and helped audience to visualize the process of conquest and colonization. He helped to civilize audiences about the reality of colonization, civility, and the New World. This theatrical medium makes audiences to challenge those established stereotypes of the New World natives and understand them as different, not inhuman or monster, and ignorant of European language and cultures, but no incapable of being civilized.
Shakespeare, in dramatization of the New World, neither support nor oppose the process of colonization but he tries his best to show both sides of the issues and let the audiences to decide whether it is legitimate or not. This ambiguous representation of both colonizers and the colonized encourages the audience to examine colonial debates in as objective manner.
Conference Presentations by Zahra Sadeghi
English Literature shows that different works by different authors from different ears can be str... more English Literature shows that different works by different authors from different ears can be strongly interconnected to each other and have many common qualities and points. Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) is a canonical postcolonial work in which the writer uses Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre as an inspiration to reject the Victorian society and British colonial policies depicted in Bronte's novel. Many issues like racial differences, binary oppositions, loss of identity and rejection of oppression are portrayed in Rhys's novel as a response to the depiction of Bronte's novel. Wide Sargasso Sea is also comparable with Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart which is a postcolonial response to Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Like Wide Sargasso Sea which is a criticism and response to the colonial novel of Bronte, Jane Eyre, Achebe's Things Fall Apart is a response to the previous written novel by Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness which, as Achebe believes, supports the policy of the British regarding African people and confirms Western superiority and the exoticism and inferiority of the colonized subjects. As Rhys refers to the colonialist aspects of Bronte's novel, Achebe condemns the deplorable and offensive portraits of the Africans presented in Conrad's work. This study is analyzing intertextuality and its significance in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea.
Social Darwinists applied Darwin‟s models of evolution to human societies and social thought to p... more Social Darwinists applied Darwin‟s models of evolution to human societies and social thought to provide a justification for imperialism and colonialism. In this paper the way how they used Darwin‟s theories to justify their exploitation of other countries is explained. The relation between Social Darwinism, colonialism, imperialism, and racism regarding different theorists, philosophers, and political figures‟ views of such concepts are going to be discussed with reference to historical facts and literal productions e.g. Heart of Darkness. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of construction of such theories i.e. Social Darwinism back to human beings‟ will to power and domination of other weaker nations and in this way an examination of nature of human being according to naturalists is given to show the inevitability of colonialism and imperialism based on what naturalists and Social Darwinists said about the nature of human beings.
Papers by Zahra Sadeghi
Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature, Dec 10, 2021
Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, 2018
In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works... more In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works. It is a wrong notion to think of modernity as a rejection of tradition and just in search of novelty since there is a strong connection between modernity and tradition. Thomas Mann is different from his contemporaries in the attention he pays to the past as well as the present. This article examines the importance of the relation of Thomas Mann to both myth and psychology. The significance of the mixture between modernity and tradition, the contemporary elements and the mythological figures, myth and psychology in his masterpiece Death in Venice is going to be discussed.
Advances in Language and Literary Studies
Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before t... more Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of Christianity and colonization and the era afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people, how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in this novel, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white society. Frantz Fanon's theories on the relation between language and culture or language and civilization, as well as his discussion of White notion of Blacks and Blacks' conception of themselves are discussed and analyzed in Achebe's masterpiece Things Fall Apart to prove that black people attempted to make up for their deep feeling of incompleteness by imitating white people and forming a white personality in a black statue as a result of their own conscious volition.
Cogent Arts & Humanities
Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both b... more Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both bodies of thought concern the issues of oppression, inequality, binary oppositions, political/social fundamentalism and explain the possible resistance to the cultural legacy of imperialism and colonialism. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, women, especially handmaids, suffer from the oppression imposed upon them not only by the imperial power but also by the indigenous patriarchal ideology which is similar to the situation of colonized subjects, particularly women, in previously or currently colonized countries. In this respect, Gilead, a place in which this novel took place, is considered as a colonized country in which we will see that although the setting is America, the female characters, who are subjected to both the totalitarian government of Gilead and the patriarchal society, are treated similar to those colonized subjects. Considering Gilead as microcosm of the postcolonial society, this paper explains how the handmaids are treated and forced to experience a life of passivity and submissiveness.
Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2020
Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both b... more Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both bodies of thought concern the issues of oppression, inequality, binary oppositions, political/social fundamentalism and explain the possible resistance to the cultural legacy of imperialism and colonialism. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, women, especially handmaids, suffer from the oppression imposed upon them not only by the imperial power but also by the indigenous patriarchal ideology which is similar to the situation of colonized subjects , particularly women, in previously or currently colonized countries. In this respect, Gilead, a place in which this novel took place, is considered as a colonized country in which we will see that although the setting is America, the female characters, who are subjected to both the totalitarian government of Gilead and the patriarchal society, are treated similar to those colonized subjects. Considering Gilead as microcosm of the postcolonial society, this paper explains how the handmaids are treated and forced to experience a life of passivity and submissiveness.
In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works... more In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works. It is a wrong notion to think of modernity as a rejection of tradition and just in search of novelty since there is a strong connection between modernity and tradition. Thomas Mann is different from his contemporaries in the attention he pays to the past as well as the present. This article examines the importance of the relation of Thomas Mann to both myth and psychology. The significance of the mixture between modernity and tradition, the contemporary elements and the mythological figures, myth and psychology in his masterpiece Death in Venice is going to be discussed.
Iranian EFL Journal, 2015
Chinua Achebe in his novels Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and Arrow of God gives us a uni... more Chinua Achebe in his novels Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and Arrow of God gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of Christianity and colonization and afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people, how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in these novels, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white society.
Colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of the cultural constructs tha... more Colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of the cultural constructs that are operating in all over the world are the products of colonial contexts. Such colonial constructs adhere to English and English language teaching that are at the center of colonialism and play a significant role in the contemporary world. During the nineteenth century Britain became the most important, specious, and the strongest imperial power, and by the turn of the twentieth century it ruled one quarter of the earth’s surface, including countries such as Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand, and other domains in Africa, South America, the West Indies, and Southeast Asia. There should be a reason behind this high speed and extensive colonization which is almost evident to everyone that West intruded into the government, education, cultural values, and daily lives of colonized people in order
to change their identity and shape them in a way West profited and also native colonized people let them to do that. The first step colonizer took to the colonized subjects was to present them brutish savages without any language and civilization, and the first tool they used in front of colonized people was the language they brought with themselves. In this article, the focus of research is on the language as a cultural tool and different factors will be discussed such as how colonizers use it to accomplish their colonial goals and the various attitudes that the Negro adopts in contact with white colonization with regard to the examples from Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart.
Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before t... more Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of
Christianity and colonization and the era afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and
values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people,
how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and
subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in this novel, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots
of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and
to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white
society. Frantz Fanon’s theories on the relation between language and culture or language and civilization, as well as his
discussion of White notion of Blacks and Blacks’ conception of themselves are discussed and analyzed in Achebe’s
masterpiece Things Fall Apart to prove that black people attempted to make up for their deep feeling of incompleteness
by imitating white people and forming a white personality in a black statue as a result of their own conscious volition.
Colonization and imperialism are of those interesting critical conversation throughout the world ... more Colonization and imperialism are of those interesting critical conversation throughout the world and this study examines how English theater addressed, promoted, and at times challenged ideologies of colonization and notions of civility and civilization. The Tempest in regarded as a New World drama by many critics because of colonization and civilization debates presented on the London stage and depiction of the colonizers and the colonized to present and, at the same time, question those colonial debates. Shakespeare depicts the New World’s indigenous cultures in an ambiguous way to both present and question the ideologies of empire. This dramatization of the “other” helped sixteenth and seventeenth century audiences to recognize New World indigenous peoples as different rather than uncivilized and reevaluate what they have read or heard of these native peoples. Shakespeare presented the contemporary rhetoric through the medium of the theater and helped audience to visualize the process of conquest and colonization. He helped to civilize audiences about the reality of colonization, civility, and the New World. This theatrical medium makes audiences to challenge those established stereotypes of the New World natives and understand them as different, not inhuman or monster, and ignorant of European language and cultures, but no incapable of being civilized.
Shakespeare, in dramatization of the New World, neither support nor oppose the process of colonization but he tries his best to show both sides of the issues and let the audiences to decide whether it is legitimate or not. This ambiguous representation of both colonizers and the colonized encourages the audience to examine colonial debates in as objective manner.
English Literature shows that different works by different authors from different ears can be str... more English Literature shows that different works by different authors from different ears can be strongly interconnected to each other and have many common qualities and points. Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) is a canonical postcolonial work in which the writer uses Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre as an inspiration to reject the Victorian society and British colonial policies depicted in Bronte's novel. Many issues like racial differences, binary oppositions, loss of identity and rejection of oppression are portrayed in Rhys's novel as a response to the depiction of Bronte's novel. Wide Sargasso Sea is also comparable with Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart which is a postcolonial response to Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Like Wide Sargasso Sea which is a criticism and response to the colonial novel of Bronte, Jane Eyre, Achebe's Things Fall Apart is a response to the previous written novel by Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness which, as Achebe believes, supports the policy of the British regarding African people and confirms Western superiority and the exoticism and inferiority of the colonized subjects. As Rhys refers to the colonialist aspects of Bronte's novel, Achebe condemns the deplorable and offensive portraits of the Africans presented in Conrad's work. This study is analyzing intertextuality and its significance in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea.
Social Darwinists applied Darwin‟s models of evolution to human societies and social thought to p... more Social Darwinists applied Darwin‟s models of evolution to human societies and social thought to provide a justification for imperialism and colonialism. In this paper the way how they used Darwin‟s theories to justify their exploitation of other countries is explained. The relation between Social Darwinism, colonialism, imperialism, and racism regarding different theorists, philosophers, and political figures‟ views of such concepts are going to be discussed with reference to historical facts and literal productions e.g. Heart of Darkness. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of construction of such theories i.e. Social Darwinism back to human beings‟ will to power and domination of other weaker nations and in this way an examination of nature of human being according to naturalists is given to show the inevitability of colonialism and imperialism based on what naturalists and Social Darwinists said about the nature of human beings.
Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature, Dec 10, 2021
Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, 2018
In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works... more In the twentieth century, writers turned their attention to the past and used myth in their works. It is a wrong notion to think of modernity as a rejection of tradition and just in search of novelty since there is a strong connection between modernity and tradition. Thomas Mann is different from his contemporaries in the attention he pays to the past as well as the present. This article examines the importance of the relation of Thomas Mann to both myth and psychology. The significance of the mixture between modernity and tradition, the contemporary elements and the mythological figures, myth and psychology in his masterpiece Death in Venice is going to be discussed.
Advances in Language and Literary Studies
Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before t... more Chinua Achebe in his novel Things Fall Apart gives us a unique picture of life in Africa before the arrival of Christianity and colonization and the era afterwards. He shows how African people lost their traditional culture and values, replacing them with foreign beliefs. In this article, the way black people lived before the arrival of white people, how they encountered and reacted to white colonizers, in addition to how they converted to Christianity and subsequently to White culture, as portrayed in this novel, will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is to trace the roots of this rapid pace of colonialism back to when colonial subjects lost their original culture to the new-coming people and to what extent those colonized people were affectively actualizing their inferiority and subordination to the white society. Frantz Fanon's theories on the relation between language and culture or language and civilization, as well as his discussion of White notion of Blacks and Blacks' conception of themselves are discussed and analyzed in Achebe's masterpiece Things Fall Apart to prove that black people attempted to make up for their deep feeling of incompleteness by imitating white people and forming a white personality in a black statue as a result of their own conscious volition.
Cogent Arts & Humanities
Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both b... more Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both bodies of thought concern the issues of oppression, inequality, binary oppositions, political/social fundamentalism and explain the possible resistance to the cultural legacy of imperialism and colonialism. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, women, especially handmaids, suffer from the oppression imposed upon them not only by the imperial power but also by the indigenous patriarchal ideology which is similar to the situation of colonized subjects, particularly women, in previously or currently colonized countries. In this respect, Gilead, a place in which this novel took place, is considered as a colonized country in which we will see that although the setting is America, the female characters, who are subjected to both the totalitarian government of Gilead and the patriarchal society, are treated similar to those colonized subjects. Considering Gilead as microcosm of the postcolonial society, this paper explains how the handmaids are treated and forced to experience a life of passivity and submissiveness.
Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2020
Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both b... more Postcolonialism and feminism are two critical discourses that have some common features as both bodies of thought concern the issues of oppression, inequality, binary oppositions, political/social fundamentalism and explain the possible resistance to the cultural legacy of imperialism and colonialism. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, women, especially handmaids, suffer from the oppression imposed upon them not only by the imperial power but also by the indigenous patriarchal ideology which is similar to the situation of colonized subjects , particularly women, in previously or currently colonized countries. In this respect, Gilead, a place in which this novel took place, is considered as a colonized country in which we will see that although the setting is America, the female characters, who are subjected to both the totalitarian government of Gilead and the patriarchal society, are treated similar to those colonized subjects. Considering Gilead as microcosm of the postcolonial society, this paper explains how the handmaids are treated and forced to experience a life of passivity and submissiveness.