Zainab Ebrahim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zainab Ebrahim

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance with Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Blood Medicine

Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in beta thalassemia major pat... more Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in beta thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusions. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties adhering to chelation therapy for several reasons. Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2-30 years) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and noncompliant patients. Moreover, we assessed the barriers that hinder compliance with chelating therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 males and 46 females) aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and medical histories. The questionnaires were completed by face-to-face interviews with the patients or their caregivers, and the required laboratory data were retrieved from the medical records of patients. Results: The most prevalent abnormality was underweight detected in (40.9%) of patients, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (37.7%), short stature (35.2%), hypothyroidism in (17.0%) and diabetes mellitus in (13.6%). A significant difference between those who were compliant with iron chelation therapy and those who were not in terms of the prevalence of short stature (P value=0.05) and hypothyroidism (P value=0.05). The percentage of patients who were not compliant with chelation therapy was 21.6% and 9.1% of patients were not taking them at all. Conclusion: Despite the role of chelation therapy in the management of iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine and metabolic complications remained considerable. Subclinical hypothyroidism and short stature were the most frequent endocrine complications encountered in this study.

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance to Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia 

Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in Beta Thalassemia major pat... more Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in Beta Thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusion. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties to adhere with chelation therapy due to several reasons.Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2-30 years) in The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and non-compliant patients. Moreover, assess the barriers that hinder the compliance on chelating therapy.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 male and 46 females) in patients aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, medical histories. The questionnaires were filled by face-to-face interviews with the patients, or their care givers and the required l...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Tramadol in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 2016

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, atypical opioid, and although it is generally considere... more Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, atypical opioid, and although it is generally considered as a medicinal drug with a low potential for dependence, there is growing evidence of tramadol abuse in some countries. The ultraviolet detection is not suitable for analysis of tramadol in plasma, due to the lack of sensitivity and selectivity. However, it was shown that tramadol has a weak fluorescence, and the latest techniques for determination of tramadol in plasma include liquid chromatographic methods with fluorescence detection (FL). The objective of the paper was to develop a HPLC-FL method applicable for quantification of tramadol in human plasma.The separation was achieved by reverse phase HPLC method, using as stationary phase C18 – Kromasil ® column and a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid (20:80). The fluorescence detection has been applied with λex/em= 280/310 nm. A solid phase extraction procedure using C18 cartridge was carried out. The linearity o...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Coronary Care Unit Nurses in Bahrain

International Journal of Nursing & Clinical Practices, Sep 22, 2017

Background: At a time of worldwide nursing shortage, is raising questions about the issue of incr... more Background: At a time of worldwide nursing shortage, is raising questions about the issue of increasing nurses' turnover. The literatures have shown that stronger intention to leave as a consequence of job dissatisfaction may lead to actual turnover. Therefore, it may be a crucial to understand nurses' job satisfaction issue, as this is a key factor in nurses' intention to leave the working place and low job commitment. Aim and Objective: This study examined the factors that determine job satisfaction which are personal, environmental and organizational components and the relation of those factors on Coronary Care Unit nurses' intention to leave their working place. Methodology/ Design: Across sectional, quantitative and correlation design was selected at a fixed point in time. Method: Data was drawn from analysis of self reported questionnaire which included three sections of; demographic data, McClosky Mueller Satisfaction Scale and Anticipated Turnover Scale. The questionnaires were distributed to 60 accessible nurses in CCU. A total of 42 respondents completed the questionnaires with an70 percent response rate. Finding: Nationality and work scheduling were significantly influencing job satisfaction, but marital status and work experience were more influencing the turnover intention. The study finding showed an evidence of considerable highly negative relation between job satisfaction and turnover intention, which was manifested by 78.6% those nurses reporting to be dissatisfied or in neutral responds with their overall job. Moreover, 72.8% of nurses were more likely to hold an intention to leave working place. The most statistically significant predictor of dissatisfaction and lead to leave intention was external reward. Job satisfaction subscale connected to social support was identified as an important factor which may decrease leave intention. Conclusion: The study findings suggested increase nurses' satisfaction through improving benefit package such as health insurance, retirement profits and salary is a key for possible strategy to decrease turnover intention among Coronary Care Unit nurses in Bahrain. Implication for Practice: The study findings have ramifications for nurses' manages to develop strategies aimed at improving the job satisfaction in order to decrease turnover intention.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotics Point Prevalence

Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Infection among renal transplant patients in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A ten year retrospective study ( 2004-2014)

The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2016

Objective: Kidney transplantation can be associated with complications encountered during or afte... more Objective: Kidney transplantation can be associated with complications encountered during or after operation. Graft survival and immunosuppressant drugs have improved the outcome of transplantation, but infection of grafts have become a leading concern. The diagnosis of infection in such patients is challenging due to the lack of the typical infection indicators like fever since the patients are immunocompromised. This study investigates the extent of infection in transplanted patients, and it will look into the type of microorganisms encountered, their management and outcome. Methods & Materials: A retrospective study was carried out between the periods of 1st of January 2004 and 31st of December 2014. All renal transplant patients admitted during this period were investigated according to the reason of admission, and only those with suspected infection were enrolled. Results: A total of 108 patients included based on suspicion of infection after renal transplant. Some of the patients had recurrent history of infectious over the 10-year period. Out of the 108 patients, 74 received transplant from living donors (68.52%). The diagnosis on admission was limited to certain signs and symptoms. Urinary tract infections were suspected in 35.19% of the patients, and pneumonia was diagnosed in 10.19% of the patients. The majority of patient (89.96%) were on maintenance dose of steroids, and were followed by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus and cyclosporine with a percentage of 81.48%, 46.3% and 25.93%, respectively. Regarding antibiotics, 86.11% of the admitted patient were started on single antibiotic on admission including those with recurrent admission.

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance with Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Blood Medicine

Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in beta thalassemia major pat... more Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in beta thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusions. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties adhering to chelation therapy for several reasons. Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2-30 years) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and noncompliant patients. Moreover, we assessed the barriers that hinder compliance with chelating therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 males and 46 females) aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and medical histories. The questionnaires were completed by face-to-face interviews with the patients or their caregivers, and the required laboratory data were retrieved from the medical records of patients. Results: The most prevalent abnormality was underweight detected in (40.9%) of patients, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (37.7%), short stature (35.2%), hypothyroidism in (17.0%) and diabetes mellitus in (13.6%). A significant difference between those who were compliant with iron chelation therapy and those who were not in terms of the prevalence of short stature (P value=0.05) and hypothyroidism (P value=0.05). The percentage of patients who were not compliant with chelation therapy was 21.6% and 9.1% of patients were not taking them at all. Conclusion: Despite the role of chelation therapy in the management of iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine and metabolic complications remained considerable. Subclinical hypothyroidism and short stature were the most frequent endocrine complications encountered in this study.

Research paper thumbnail of Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance to Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia 

Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in Beta Thalassemia major pat... more Background: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in Beta Thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusion. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties to adhere with chelation therapy due to several reasons.Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2-30 years) in The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and non-compliant patients. Moreover, assess the barriers that hinder the compliance on chelating therapy.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 male and 46 females) in patients aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, medical histories. The questionnaires were filled by face-to-face interviews with the patients, or their care givers and the required l...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Tramadol in human plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 2016

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, atypical opioid, and although it is generally considere... more Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, atypical opioid, and although it is generally considered as a medicinal drug with a low potential for dependence, there is growing evidence of tramadol abuse in some countries. The ultraviolet detection is not suitable for analysis of tramadol in plasma, due to the lack of sensitivity and selectivity. However, it was shown that tramadol has a weak fluorescence, and the latest techniques for determination of tramadol in plasma include liquid chromatographic methods with fluorescence detection (FL). The objective of the paper was to develop a HPLC-FL method applicable for quantification of tramadol in human plasma.The separation was achieved by reverse phase HPLC method, using as stationary phase C18 – Kromasil ® column and a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid (20:80). The fluorescence detection has been applied with λex/em= 280/310 nm. A solid phase extraction procedure using C18 cartridge was carried out. The linearity o...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Coronary Care Unit Nurses in Bahrain

International Journal of Nursing & Clinical Practices, Sep 22, 2017

Background: At a time of worldwide nursing shortage, is raising questions about the issue of incr... more Background: At a time of worldwide nursing shortage, is raising questions about the issue of increasing nurses' turnover. The literatures have shown that stronger intention to leave as a consequence of job dissatisfaction may lead to actual turnover. Therefore, it may be a crucial to understand nurses' job satisfaction issue, as this is a key factor in nurses' intention to leave the working place and low job commitment. Aim and Objective: This study examined the factors that determine job satisfaction which are personal, environmental and organizational components and the relation of those factors on Coronary Care Unit nurses' intention to leave their working place. Methodology/ Design: Across sectional, quantitative and correlation design was selected at a fixed point in time. Method: Data was drawn from analysis of self reported questionnaire which included three sections of; demographic data, McClosky Mueller Satisfaction Scale and Anticipated Turnover Scale. The questionnaires were distributed to 60 accessible nurses in CCU. A total of 42 respondents completed the questionnaires with an70 percent response rate. Finding: Nationality and work scheduling were significantly influencing job satisfaction, but marital status and work experience were more influencing the turnover intention. The study finding showed an evidence of considerable highly negative relation between job satisfaction and turnover intention, which was manifested by 78.6% those nurses reporting to be dissatisfied or in neutral responds with their overall job. Moreover, 72.8% of nurses were more likely to hold an intention to leave working place. The most statistically significant predictor of dissatisfaction and lead to leave intention was external reward. Job satisfaction subscale connected to social support was identified as an important factor which may decrease leave intention. Conclusion: The study findings suggested increase nurses' satisfaction through improving benefit package such as health insurance, retirement profits and salary is a key for possible strategy to decrease turnover intention among Coronary Care Unit nurses in Bahrain. Implication for Practice: The study findings have ramifications for nurses' manages to develop strategies aimed at improving the job satisfaction in order to decrease turnover intention.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotics Point Prevalence

Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Infection among renal transplant patients in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A ten year retrospective study ( 2004-2014)

The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2016

Objective: Kidney transplantation can be associated with complications encountered during or afte... more Objective: Kidney transplantation can be associated with complications encountered during or after operation. Graft survival and immunosuppressant drugs have improved the outcome of transplantation, but infection of grafts have become a leading concern. The diagnosis of infection in such patients is challenging due to the lack of the typical infection indicators like fever since the patients are immunocompromised. This study investigates the extent of infection in transplanted patients, and it will look into the type of microorganisms encountered, their management and outcome. Methods & Materials: A retrospective study was carried out between the periods of 1st of January 2004 and 31st of December 2014. All renal transplant patients admitted during this period were investigated according to the reason of admission, and only those with suspected infection were enrolled. Results: A total of 108 patients included based on suspicion of infection after renal transplant. Some of the patients had recurrent history of infectious over the 10-year period. Out of the 108 patients, 74 received transplant from living donors (68.52%). The diagnosis on admission was limited to certain signs and symptoms. Urinary tract infections were suspected in 35.19% of the patients, and pneumonia was diagnosed in 10.19% of the patients. The majority of patient (89.96%) were on maintenance dose of steroids, and were followed by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus and cyclosporine with a percentage of 81.48%, 46.3% and 25.93%, respectively. Regarding antibiotics, 86.11% of the admitted patient were started on single antibiotic on admission including those with recurrent admission.