Zarina M Saad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zarina M Saad

Penilaian psikososial kanak-kanak: Isu-isu kebajikan dan perkembangan

Buku ini menghimpunkan kertas kerja terpilih yang dibentangkan di Simposium Kebangsaan Kebajikan ... more Buku ini menghimpunkan kertas kerja terpilih yang dibentangkan di Simposium Kebangsaan Kebajikan Kanak-Kanak 2004 anjuran Universiti Utara Malaysia. Artikel-artikel yang terdapat di dalam buku ini adalah penulisan ahli-ahli akademik institusi pengajian tinggi awam Malaysia yang merangkumi tema berkaitan kebajikan dan perkhidmatan sosial serta isu-isu berkaitan perkembangan dan pendidikan untuk kanak-kanak.Buku ini bukan sahaja sesuai untuk rujukan pelajar-pelajar insitusi pengajian tinggi, malah golongan profesional yang bekerja dengan kanak-kanak, serta mereka yang berminat dengan isu-isu berkaitan kebajikan kanak-kanak.

Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 2019

Hajj is a series of activities which involve the presence of many people of diverse backgrounds i... more Hajj is a series of activities which involve the presence of many people of diverse backgrounds in specific sites. It is an annual event which necessitates Muslims from all over the world to travel to Makkah during the Hajj season. The participation in hajj involves a number of remarkable experiences by the pilgrims who encounter various new incidents that involve their physical, psychosocial and social experiences. Despite the widely reported accounts of hajj, less has been conducted to study the experience of people who travel from different parts of the world to Makkah. The objective of this paper is to report the findings from a focus group discussion which examined the experiences of hajj among Pakistani female pilgrims. Data was collected from 11 respondents from Lahore, Pakistan. They were required to state their confrontations in hajj sites; and the reasons for having such experiences. They reported both positive and negative feelings during hajj; highlighted their and other...

Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 2015

The present study will explore the impact of loneliness and locus of control on depression of eld... more The present study will explore the impact of loneliness and locus of control on depression of elderly with the moderating role of religiosity in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample will be consisted on 800 individuals, 400 individuals from male population and 400 from female population of Punjab. The male population will be further divided on the basis of age, family size, marital status, education and socioeconomic status. Similarly female population will also be further divided on the basis of age, family size, marital status, education and socioeconomic status. Geriatric depression scale will be used to measure the level of depression in Elderly, University of California Los Angles loneliness scale will be used to measure loneliness. Levenson multidimensional Locus of control scale will be used to check the level of locus of control, Religiosity will act as a moderator and will be checked by using religiosity scale. Result of the study will be revealed by using Structural equation model...

Data quality, scaling assumptions and reliability of crowd behaviour scale

Hajj is an annual religious activity that involves a large gathering of people performing the sam... more Hajj is an annual religious activity that involves a large gathering of people performing the same rituals at the same time within a confined space. Human behaviour in this mass gathering is an important issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences due to extreme congestion.A new scale was developed as part of a study aims to understand observable crowd behaviour during this religious activity. Subscales of observable crowd behaviour included aggressive behaviour, coping behaviour, defensive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, protective behaviour, tolerant behaviour and hazardous behaviour.This article reports on the underlying assumptions of data quality and scaling assumptions under the traditional Likert scaling criteria, and the reliability of the scale.The subjects of the survey included 203 respondents during pre-Hajj training program at three different locations in the country.Methods of testing include item-level descriptive statistics, multitrait scaling/multi-item correlation matrix and scale reliability.The results showed that one item each within subscales of aggressive, coping and tolerant behaviour do not meet the Likert scaling criteria. However, all subscales have acceptable level of reliability.The findings from this study can be used to further improve the scale.

Understanding premarital pregnancy experiences of young mothers in women shelters: Developing a model for intervention

Being pregnant and unmarried is a highly stigmatized phenomenon in Malaysian society. However, st... more Being pregnant and unmarried is a highly stigmatized phenomenon in Malaysian society. However, stigma alone has not been successful in preventing adolescents and young adults from committing premarital sexual relations.Unwanted pregnancy could lead to problematic decision making behavior such as baby abandonment, or health and mental health issues such as depression and trauma.Specifically, studies have found that pregnancy involving adolescents is linked to health hazards, substance abuse, impediment to education, and costs to the government. Nevertheless, there are young women who choose to continue their pregnancy despite experiencing trauma and stigma of being pregnant out-of-wedlock.Therefore, this research seeks to examine the experiences of unmarried teenagers and young women who choose to continue their pregnancy while staying in women shelters.The research utilizes a mixed methods approach, incorporating quantitative and qualitative methods.A total of 101 participants were recruited from five women shelters across the country who responded to self-administered questionnaires. Eighteen participants were selected as participants in the qualitative study by means of semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that a majority engaged in their first sexual intercourse during secondary school age.Majority also had social circles (i.e., family and friends) who engaged in premarital sex and pregnancy.The main reason for seeking shelter was to avoid shame and embarrassment for being pregnant out of wedlock.In the interviews, none of the participants reported having discussion with their parents about sexual issues or pregnancy.Sources of information regarding sexuality involve friends and school. The participants also reported moderate levels of emotional intelligence (EQ), spiritual intelligence (SQ), peer pressure and popularity (i.e., wanting to be popular). EQ was found to be negatively correlated with peer pressure. Age at first sex was negatively correlated with peer pressure, popularity, and SQ. Recommendations for intervention involved six aspects; namely family support, spiritual needs, psychosocial needs, health care needs, educational/career plan, and plan for the baby.Specific care in the assessment should also be given to pregnancy cause (i.e., consensual vs. rape/incest).

Dasar warga emas negara dan Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) di Malaysia

Penuaan penduduk merupakan satu fenomena yang bakal melanda Malaysia pada abad ke-21 kelak. Negar... more Penuaan penduduk merupakan satu fenomena yang bakal melanda Malaysia pada abad ke-21 kelak. Negara kita sebagai negara membangun dijangka akan mengalami fenomena penuaan penduduk dalam masa terdekat dan kelajuan Malaysia mencapai status negara tua adalah lebih pesat berbanding negara maju yang lain.Menurut Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB), 2007, warga emas di Malaysia akan berganda daripada 7% kepada 14% dalam masa 28 tahun sahaja berbanding negara Sweden yang telah mengambil masa selama 112 tahun untuk perubahan yang sama.Menyedari hakikat ini, Kerajaan telah menggubal Dasar Warga Tua Negara pada tahun 1995. Dasar dan pelan ini kemudianya telah ditambah baik menjadi Dasar Warga Emas Negara (DWEN) pada 5 Januari 2011.Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan berkaitan DWEN yang menjadi panduan kepada kerajaan untuk melaksanakan segala perancangan berkaitan program pembangunan warga emas bagi menghadapi fenomena penuaan kelak. Sub topik yang akan dibincangkan adalah berkaitan strategi yang terkandung di dalam DWEN.Selain itu pengwujudan Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) yang merupakan salah satu program pembangunan yang diwujudkan dibawah DWEN bagi menangani isu dan cabaran warga emas akan turut dibincangkan dalam kertas kerja ini selain topik utama berkaitan DWEN.Sub topik berkaitan PAWE yang akan dibincangkan adalah berkaitan aspek pelaksanaan dan kaitan PAWE kepada kesejahteraan warga emas.Sebagai makluman, PAWE adalah satu alternatif kepada warga emas sebagai tempat untuk mendapatkan perkhidmatan serta menjalankan aktiviti harian dan ia turut menyumbang kepada kesejahteraan warga emas di dalam komuniti.Di Malaysia terdapat 22 buah PAWE yang telah diwujudkan melalui peruntukan projek Rancangan Malaysia ke lapan (8) dan sembilan (9).

Kecerdasan spiritual dalam kalangan remaja hamil luar nikah

Kebanyakan penduduk di Malaysia berpegang kepada sesuatu agama dan mengamalkannya dalam kehidupan... more Kebanyakan penduduk di Malaysia berpegang kepada sesuatu agama dan mengamalkannya dalam kehidupan seharian.Agama dan spiritual memainkan peranan utama dalam kehidupan dan memandu tingkahlaku mereka agar mencapai kehidupan yang lebih bermakna.Justeru, perhubungan seks luar nikah dilihat sebagai suatu perbuatan yang melanggar ajaran agama dan dipandang negatif. Walau bagaimanapun, pegangan tersebut tidak berjaya menghindarkan remaja daripada terlibat dalam gejala ini.Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengkaji tahap kecerdasan spiritual dalam kalangan remaja hamil tanpa nikah dan perkaitannya dengan faktor-faktor demografi. Kajian bersifat kuantitatif ini telah menggunakan kaedah tinjauan (survey) melibatkan 101 responden yang ditempatkan di lima buah rumah perlindungan di Malaysia.Hasil kajian dapatan kajian dan implikasi terhadap profesion perbantuan akan dibincangkan dengan terperinci.

Premarital pregnancy continues to be a social dilemma within the Malaysian society. The increasin... more Premarital pregnancy continues to be a social dilemma within the Malaysian society. The increasing statistics of babies being born without a legally registered father's name presents the legal, health and welfare problems associated with the effects of premarital pregnancy. The need to study this social problem requires not only a receptive understanding of the problem, but also the researcher's preparation in terms of skills and mental preparedness. The authors conducted a research aimed at understanding premarital pregnancy experiences of those who decided to seek protection in women shelters. A total of 101 young women and teenagers from five women shelters in Malaysia participated in the research. Ethical consideration is highly essential when conducting research with this group of individuals since the focus of such research may at times touch upon sensitive issues or potentially brings up traumatic experience. The focus of this paper is a discussion of the authors' experience regarding the ethical dilemma and preparation when conducting the research. This paper intends to highlight important issues that may be of guideline to other researchers who wish to conduct similar research with this group of participants.

Pengaruh Kesedaran Agama ke atas Tingkah Laku Jemaah Haji: Kajian pada Lima Amalan dalam Ibadat Haji

Agama adalah cara hidup.Peraturan agama yang terdiri daripada suruhan dan tegahan mempunyai hikma... more Agama adalah cara hidup.Peraturan agama yang terdiri daripada suruhan dan tegahan mempunyai hikmah yang tersendiri di mana ia membentuk cara hidup yang baik dan tersusun sehingga menjadi ummah terbaik (wasatan).Dengan kata lain, kesedaran agama membentuk akhlak atau peribadi Muslim.Sebaliknya, individu yang jauh daripada didikan agama akan terdorong untuk melakukan perkara yang bertentangan dengan norma masyarakat.Ini kerana mereka berperilaku yang dikawal sepenuhnya oleh kemahuan peribadi dan nafsu logik.Tingkahlaku mereka akan lebih mementingkan diri, demi kebaikan untuk diri sendiri tanpa menghirau keperluan atau hak orang lain yang juga perlu dititikberatkan.Tingkahlaku ini akan lebih menyerlah dalam ibadat haji apabila ramai umat Islam berkumpul serentak dan menumpu pada ibadat yang sama. Suasana sesak dan padat mendorong tingkahlaku tertentu muncul dalam kalangan jemaah.Walaupun semua yang hadir adalah untuk melaksanakan ibadat kepada Allah s.w.t., namun tingkahlaku yang terhasil kadangkala di luar jangkaan apabila terlalu ramai manusia berada di sesuatu lokasi dengan cuaca yang panas, kemudahan yang terhad dan kawasan yang sempit. Justeru, kajian telah dilakukan ke atas jemaah haji yang dikhususkan kepada jemaah haji Malaysia dengan memfokus pada lima amalan dalam ibadat haji iaitu ketika wuquf, berada di Mina, melontar di jamrah, tawaf dan saie. Kajian ingin meneliti tahap pendidikan dan kesedaran agama yang mempengaruhi tingkahlaku dan persepsi mereka ke atas jemaah lain. Sebanyak 408 buah kertas soal-selidik telah diedarkan dalam kalangan jemaah haji yang terpilih dengan pemilihan sample dilakukan secara rawak mudah dan selesa (convenience sampling).Dapatan kajian menunjukkan, pendidikan agama tidak begitu mempengaruhi tingkahlaku jemaah sehinggalah mereka mempunyai kesedaran agama yang tinggi. Kesedaran agama dapat memberi nilai tambah kepada tingkahlaku mereka sebelum melakukan sesuatu dengan menyedari tujuan kedatangan untuk beribadat dan mengharapkan ibadat mendapat penerimaan yang tertinggi daripada Allah s.w.t.

Asian Social Science, 2015

Emotional intelligence comprises of several important elements which enhance the ability of sever... more Emotional intelligence comprises of several important elements which enhance the ability of several key competencies. This study attempts to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, communication skills and information technology skills among university students in Malaysia. Three thousand one hundred and one final year students from 10 public universities in Malaysia were randomly chosen as samples for this study. The BarOn Emotional Quotient: Short (EQ-i:S) by BarOn has been utilized for the purpose of measuring emotional intelligence. An inventory by Moreale, Spitzberg and Barga was used to measure communication skills while the Computer Efficacy Scale by Murphy, Coover and Owen was utilised to measure skills in information technology. Results showed that there were positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and both communication and information technology skills. This study implicates that students with high emotional intelligence will have better command in communication skills and information technology skills.

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Syukur Alhamdulillah dengan keizinanNYA laporan kajian 'Pengetahuan Sek... more Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Syukur Alhamdulillah dengan keizinanNYA laporan kajian 'Pengetahuan Seksualiti dalam Kalangan Pelajar' ini berjaya disiapkan. Laporan kajian ini tidak dapat dilakukan tanpa sokongan individu, organisasi dan pihak-pihak tertentu. Pertamanya, penyelidik ingin merakamkan penghargaan yang tidak terhingga kepada Universiti Utara Malaysia yang telah memberi geran penyelidikan dan juga di atas kepercayaan melantik penyelidik untuk mengendalikan kajian ini.

Emotional intelligence is the grassroots of all intelligence dimensions. It provides individuals ... more Emotional intelligence is the grassroots of all intelligence dimensions. It provides individuals with the ability to understand one's own emotions, managing it and hopefully be able to understand other people emotions as well. The purpose of this research is to determine the emotional intelligence level of Malaysian university students from demographic aspects (gender, academic background, place of residence, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The importance of studying emotional intelligence in students is imperative since it indicates other competencies such as communication and interpersonal relations. A total of 3101 final year students from 10 public universities were randomly chosen as samples. The BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by BarOn (1997) has been utilized for the purpose of measuring emotional intelligence. Scores were categorized into high and low emotional intelligence level. Results were analyzed based on demographic factors such as gender, academic background, place of residence, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). It was found that in general, majority of students were quite low in terms of emotional intelligence. Other demographic factors showed varying results. This study implicates that more should be done in higher learning institutions to alleviate and enhance students' emotional intelligence.

Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 2010

In an attempt to study the impact of spiritual intelligence on the health of the elderly, researc... more In an attempt to study the impact of spiritual intelligence on the health of the elderly, research has been carried out on 378 elderly people in Perlis, Malaysia. The primary objectives of the study were: (i) to identify the levels of spiritual intelligence and general health of the elderly; (ii) to examine the relationships between spiritual intelligence and health of elderly; (iii) to examine the differences in the level of spiritual intelligence and health based on selected demographic factors; and (iv) to predict the most dominant dimension of spiritual intelligence that affects health. Sets of questionnaires were distributed to gather data. The findings showed that the majority of respondents were in good health, and had excellent spiritual intelligence. It also suggested that spiritual intelligence was positively associated with general health. Those who had higher levels of spiritual intelligence tended to have higher levels of health. The ability to conduct daily life with sanctification based on one's spiritual belief was the most dominant factor of good health. The study suggested that spirituality is related to health and has a positive effect on participants' overall health. Based on our findings, we recommend that health practitioners introduce the biopsychosocial-spiritual model when assessing the health of the elderly.

Islamic and local knowledge on social work in Malaysia and Bangladesh

Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 2021

Professional social work emerged on the basis of secular and Eurocentric worldview in the West in... more Professional social work emerged on the basis of secular and Eurocentric worldview in the West in the late 19th century. As emerging nations in the 1940s, Asian Muslims were not spared being coloni...