Zbigniew Duszak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zbigniew Duszak

Global Epidemiology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Social Indicators Research, 2018

This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. T... more This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. The statistical evidence shows that data breaches of electronic health records have taken place at an unprecedented scale. Currently, the number of individuals affected, as regulations of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act refers to us, has surpassed the half of the US population (some data is breached several times lowering the number of victims but increasing the possibility of being sold quickly). The data breaches are recorded and posted by Department of Health and Human Services.

Fundamenta Informaticae, 2016

This study has been inspired by numerous requests from researchers who often confuse Saaty's AHP ... more This study has been inspired by numerous requests from researchers who often confuse Saaty's AHP with the Pairwise Comparisons (PC) method, taking AHP as the only representation of PC. Most formal

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2009

This paper is a follow-up to Adamic, et al., in which male and female participants estimated the ... more This paper is a follow-up to Adamic, et al., in which male and female participants estimated the areas of five randomly generated shapes of equal area. There was no significant sex difference in area estimation ability.

Advances in Soft Computing

ABSTRACT The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web in... more ABSTRACT The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information exchange (especially email correspondence). The web cancer term is used to reflect the variety and sophistication of web contamination. The notable oncology achievements in medicine could inspire more research towards finding solutions to what can easily turn into an analogous civilization crisis. Automatic understanding is appropriate for the semantic-level content analysis and is expected to substantially reduce the wasted user time for semi-automatic analysis needed for the massive processing as most filters are too tight or too loose. Advances in Intelligent Web Mastering, Proceedings of the 5th Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference - AWIC 2007, Fontainebleau, France, June 25 - 27, 2007.

Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2011

A distance-based inconsistency indicator, defined by the third author for the consistency-driven ... more A distance-based inconsistency indicator, defined by the third author for the consistency-driven pairwise comparisons method, is extended to the incomplete case. The corresponding optimization problem is transformed into an equivalent linear programming problem. The results can be applied in the process of filling in the matrix as the decision maker gets automatic feedback. As soon as a serious error occurs among the matrix elements, even due to a misprint, a significant increase in the inconsistency index is reported. The high inconsistency may be alarmed not only at the end of the process of filling in the matrix but also during the completion process. Numerical examples are also provided.

Central European Journal of Operations Research, 2010

This is a follow up to "Solution of the least squares method problem of pairwise comparisons matr... more This is a follow up to "Solution of the least squares method problem of pairwise comparisons matrix" by Bozóki published by this journal in 2008. Familiarity with this paper is essential and assumed. For lower inconsistency and decreased accuracy, our proposed solutions run in seconds instead of days. As such, they may be useful for researchers willing to use the least squares method (LSM) instead of the geometric means (GM) method.

AAIA'08 will bring researchers, developers, practitioners, and users to present their latest... more AAIA'08 will bring researchers, developers, practitioners, and users to present their latest research, results, and ideas in all areas of artificial intelligence. We hope that theory and successful applications presented at the AAIA'08 will be of interest to researchers and practitioners who want to know about both theoretical advances and latest applied developments in Artificial Intelligence. As such AAIA'08 will provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners to address the important issues. Papers related to theories, ...

MethodsX

Harmful Internet use (HIU) describes unintended use of the Internet. It could be both self-harm a... more Harmful Internet use (HIU) describes unintended use of the Internet. It could be both self-harm and harming others. Our research goal is to develop a more accurate method for measuring HIU by this novel peer assessment. As such, it may become, with our call for more research, a paradigm shift supplementing every rating scale or other type of Internet use assessment. In addition to classic statistical analysis, structural equations have been employed. Results indicate that the true positive rate (TPR) is substantially higher than assessed in other studies.•Peer assessment improvement.•AUC for ROC was computed to establish cut-off points for the used scale.•Results obtained by the Structural Equation model indicate that parental care has a moderate influence on subjects' attempts to fight HIU.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016

This study demonstrates that incorrect data are entered into a pairwise comparisons matrix for pr... more This study demonstrates that incorrect data are entered into a pairwise comparisons matrix for processing into weights for the data collected by a rating scale. Unprocessed rating scale data lead to a paradox. A solution to it, based on normalization, is proposed. This is an essential correction for virtually all pairwise comparisons methods using rating scales. The illustration of the relative error currently, taking place, is discussed.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 2013

research, 2020

We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and ... more We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and WHO situation reports. We do not model the COVID-19 pandemic ; we model only the number of cases.The proposed heuristic is based on a simple observation that the plot of the given data is well approximated by an exponential curve. The exponential curve is used for forecasting the growth of new cases. It has been tested for the last situation report of the last day. Its accuracy has been 1.29% for the last day added and predicted by the 57 previous WHO situation reports (67 now so the prediction could be better) UNFINISHED CORRECTION PROCESS - production in India (now in lock-down)

Social Indicators Research, 2018

This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. M... more This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. Medical records of ~50% US population have been compromised. The statistical evidence shows that data breaches of electronic health records have taken place at an unprecedented scale. Currently, the number of individuals affected, as regulations of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act refers to us, has surpassed the half of the US population (some data is breached several times lowering the number of victims but increasing the possibility of being sold quickly). The data breaches are recorded and posted by Department of Health and Human Services.

Scientometrics, 2017

Rating scales are used to elicit data about qualitative entities (e.g., research collaboration). ... more Rating scales are used to elicit data about qualitative entities (e.g., research collaboration). This study presents an innovative method for reducing the number of rating scale items without the predictability loss. The "area

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2016

This study provides a proof that the limit of a distance-based inconsistency reduction process is... more This study provides a proof that the limit of a distance-based inconsistency reduction process is a matrix induced by the vector of geometric means of rows when a distance-based inconsistent pairwise comparisons matrix is transformed into a consistent PC matrix by stepwise inconsistency reduction in triads. The distance-based inconsistency indicator was defined by Koczkodaj (1993) for pairwise comparisons. Its convergence was analyzed in 1996 (regretfully, with an incomplete proof) and finally completed in 2010. However, there was no interpretation provided for the limit of convergence despite its considerable importance. This study also demonstrates that the vector of geometric means and the right principal eigenvector are linearly independent for the pairwise comparisons matrix size greater than three, although both vectors are identical (when normalized) for a consistent PC matrix of any size.

Dear Author/Editor, Here are the proofs of your chapter as well as the metadata sheets. Metadata ... more Dear Author/Editor, Here are the proofs of your chapter as well as the metadata sheets. Metadata Please carefully proof read the metadata, above all the names and address. In case there were no abstracts for this book submitted with the manuscript, the first 10-15 lines of the first paragraph were taken. In case you want to replace these default abstracts, please submit new abstracts with your proof corrections. dark pen in the text and in the margin at least ¼" (6 mm) from the edge. You can upload your annotated PDF file or your corrected printout on our Proofing Website. In case you are not able to scan the printout , send us the corrected pages via fax. Please note that any changes at this stage are limited to typographical errors and serious errors of fact. If the figures were converted to black and white, please check that the quality of such figures is sufficient and that all references to color in any text discussing the figures is changed accordingly. If the quality of ...

Making strategic decisions related to land rehabilitation is an. important and a complex procedur... more Making strategic decisions related to land rehabilitation is an. important and a complex procedure. Any mistake could be very expensive. As a society we need to make decisions based on unbiased judgments. We propose a hazard rating system which allows a decision maker to compare different sites and to set priorities according to selected factors. It is important to have the risk evaluation determined by highly qualified, interdisciplinary experts. Another important factor in decision making procedure is public acceptance. Our system, which is based on examples of existing abandoned mines in Ontario, will provide a technique for taking into consideration both technical and social aspects of the decision making process. An implemented computer system will find the best possible alternative according to the selected preferences (by a panel of human experts). The methodology is based on Multicriteria Analysis and Pairwise Comparisons. The vector of weights (that is a relative importance of all combined objectives and criteria) is derived as the eigenvector of the pairwise comparison matrix, corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. The proposed expert system will allow us to use interdisciplinary knowledge provided by human experts to prioritize abandoned mine hazards. A reliable rating system will help to integrate diverse perspectives in reclamation for a better allocation of available resources.

One of the major challenges for collective intelligence is inconsistency, which is unavoidable wh... more One of the major challenges for collective intelligence is inconsistency, which is unavoidable whenever subjective assessments are involved. Pairwise comparisons allow one to represent such subjective assessments and to process them by analyzing, quantifying and identifying the inconsistencies. We propose using smaller scales for pairwise comparisons and provide mathematical and practical justifications for this change. Our postulate's aim is to initiate a paradigm shift in the search for a better scale construction for pairwise comparisons. Beyond pairwise comparisons, the results presented may be relevant to other methods using subjective scales.

Advances in Soft Computing, 2007

The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information... more The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information exchange (especially email correspondence). The web cancer term is used to reflect the variety and sophistication of web contamination. The notable oncology achievements in medicine could inspire more research towards finding solutions to what can easily turn into an analogous civilization crisis. Automatic understanding is appropriate for the semantic-level content analysis and is expected to substantially reduce the wasted user time for semi-automatic analysis needed for the massive processing as most filters are too tight or too loose. Advances in Intelligent Web Mastering, Proceedings of the 5th Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference - AWIC 2007, Fontainebleau, France, June 25 - 27, 2007.

Global Epidemiology, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Social Indicators Research, 2018

This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. T... more This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. The statistical evidence shows that data breaches of electronic health records have taken place at an unprecedented scale. Currently, the number of individuals affected, as regulations of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act refers to us, has surpassed the half of the US population (some data is breached several times lowering the number of victims but increasing the possibility of being sold quickly). The data breaches are recorded and posted by Department of Health and Human Services.

Fundamenta Informaticae, 2016

This study has been inspired by numerous requests from researchers who often confuse Saaty's AHP ... more This study has been inspired by numerous requests from researchers who often confuse Saaty's AHP with the Pairwise Comparisons (PC) method, taking AHP as the only representation of PC. Most formal

Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2009

This paper is a follow-up to Adamic, et al., in which male and female participants estimated the ... more This paper is a follow-up to Adamic, et al., in which male and female participants estimated the areas of five randomly generated shapes of equal area. There was no significant sex difference in area estimation ability.

Advances in Soft Computing

ABSTRACT The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web in... more ABSTRACT The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information exchange (especially email correspondence). The web cancer term is used to reflect the variety and sophistication of web contamination. The notable oncology achievements in medicine could inspire more research towards finding solutions to what can easily turn into an analogous civilization crisis. Automatic understanding is appropriate for the semantic-level content analysis and is expected to substantially reduce the wasted user time for semi-automatic analysis needed for the massive processing as most filters are too tight or too loose. Advances in Intelligent Web Mastering, Proceedings of the 5th Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference - AWIC 2007, Fontainebleau, France, June 25 - 27, 2007.

Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2011

A distance-based inconsistency indicator, defined by the third author for the consistency-driven ... more A distance-based inconsistency indicator, defined by the third author for the consistency-driven pairwise comparisons method, is extended to the incomplete case. The corresponding optimization problem is transformed into an equivalent linear programming problem. The results can be applied in the process of filling in the matrix as the decision maker gets automatic feedback. As soon as a serious error occurs among the matrix elements, even due to a misprint, a significant increase in the inconsistency index is reported. The high inconsistency may be alarmed not only at the end of the process of filling in the matrix but also during the completion process. Numerical examples are also provided.

Central European Journal of Operations Research, 2010

This is a follow up to "Solution of the least squares method problem of pairwise comparisons matr... more This is a follow up to "Solution of the least squares method problem of pairwise comparisons matrix" by Bozóki published by this journal in 2008. Familiarity with this paper is essential and assumed. For lower inconsistency and decreased accuracy, our proposed solutions run in seconds instead of days. As such, they may be useful for researchers willing to use the least squares method (LSM) instead of the geometric means (GM) method.

AAIA'08 will bring researchers, developers, practitioners, and users to present their latest... more AAIA'08 will bring researchers, developers, practitioners, and users to present their latest research, results, and ideas in all areas of artificial intelligence. We hope that theory and successful applications presented at the AAIA'08 will be of interest to researchers and practitioners who want to know about both theoretical advances and latest applied developments in Artificial Intelligence. As such AAIA'08 will provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners to address the important issues. Papers related to theories, ...

MethodsX

Harmful Internet use (HIU) describes unintended use of the Internet. It could be both self-harm a... more Harmful Internet use (HIU) describes unintended use of the Internet. It could be both self-harm and harming others. Our research goal is to develop a more accurate method for measuring HIU by this novel peer assessment. As such, it may become, with our call for more research, a paradigm shift supplementing every rating scale or other type of Internet use assessment. In addition to classic statistical analysis, structural equations have been employed. Results indicate that the true positive rate (TPR) is substantially higher than assessed in other studies.•Peer assessment improvement.•AUC for ROC was computed to establish cut-off points for the used scale.•Results obtained by the Structural Equation model indicate that parental care has a moderate influence on subjects' attempts to fight HIU.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016

This study demonstrates that incorrect data are entered into a pairwise comparisons matrix for pr... more This study demonstrates that incorrect data are entered into a pairwise comparisons matrix for processing into weights for the data collected by a rating scale. Unprocessed rating scale data lead to a paradox. A solution to it, based on normalization, is proposed. This is an essential correction for virtually all pairwise comparisons methods using rating scales. The illustration of the relative error currently, taking place, is discussed.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 2013

research, 2020

We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and ... more We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and WHO situation reports. We do not model the COVID-19 pandemic ; we model only the number of cases.The proposed heuristic is based on a simple observation that the plot of the given data is well approximated by an exponential curve. The exponential curve is used for forecasting the growth of new cases. It has been tested for the last situation report of the last day. Its accuracy has been 1.29% for the last day added and predicted by the 57 previous WHO situation reports (67 now so the prediction could be better) UNFINISHED CORRECTION PROCESS - production in India (now in lock-down)

Social Indicators Research, 2018

This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. M... more This study presents compelling social indicators of such magnitude that they cannot be ignored. Medical records of ~50% US population have been compromised. The statistical evidence shows that data breaches of electronic health records have taken place at an unprecedented scale. Currently, the number of individuals affected, as regulations of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act refers to us, has surpassed the half of the US population (some data is breached several times lowering the number of victims but increasing the possibility of being sold quickly). The data breaches are recorded and posted by Department of Health and Human Services.

Scientometrics, 2017

Rating scales are used to elicit data about qualitative entities (e.g., research collaboration). ... more Rating scales are used to elicit data about qualitative entities (e.g., research collaboration). This study presents an innovative method for reducing the number of rating scale items without the predictability loss. The "area

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2016

This study provides a proof that the limit of a distance-based inconsistency reduction process is... more This study provides a proof that the limit of a distance-based inconsistency reduction process is a matrix induced by the vector of geometric means of rows when a distance-based inconsistent pairwise comparisons matrix is transformed into a consistent PC matrix by stepwise inconsistency reduction in triads. The distance-based inconsistency indicator was defined by Koczkodaj (1993) for pairwise comparisons. Its convergence was analyzed in 1996 (regretfully, with an incomplete proof) and finally completed in 2010. However, there was no interpretation provided for the limit of convergence despite its considerable importance. This study also demonstrates that the vector of geometric means and the right principal eigenvector are linearly independent for the pairwise comparisons matrix size greater than three, although both vectors are identical (when normalized) for a consistent PC matrix of any size.

Dear Author/Editor, Here are the proofs of your chapter as well as the metadata sheets. Metadata ... more Dear Author/Editor, Here are the proofs of your chapter as well as the metadata sheets. Metadata Please carefully proof read the metadata, above all the names and address. In case there were no abstracts for this book submitted with the manuscript, the first 10-15 lines of the first paragraph were taken. In case you want to replace these default abstracts, please submit new abstracts with your proof corrections. dark pen in the text and in the margin at least ¼" (6 mm) from the edge. You can upload your annotated PDF file or your corrected printout on our Proofing Website. In case you are not able to scan the printout , send us the corrected pages via fax. Please note that any changes at this stage are limited to typographical errors and serious errors of fact. If the figures were converted to black and white, please check that the quality of such figures is sufficient and that all references to color in any text discussing the figures is changed accordingly. If the quality of ...

Making strategic decisions related to land rehabilitation is an. important and a complex procedur... more Making strategic decisions related to land rehabilitation is an. important and a complex procedure. Any mistake could be very expensive. As a society we need to make decisions based on unbiased judgments. We propose a hazard rating system which allows a decision maker to compare different sites and to set priorities according to selected factors. It is important to have the risk evaluation determined by highly qualified, interdisciplinary experts. Another important factor in decision making procedure is public acceptance. Our system, which is based on examples of existing abandoned mines in Ontario, will provide a technique for taking into consideration both technical and social aspects of the decision making process. An implemented computer system will find the best possible alternative according to the selected preferences (by a panel of human experts). The methodology is based on Multicriteria Analysis and Pairwise Comparisons. The vector of weights (that is a relative importance of all combined objectives and criteria) is derived as the eigenvector of the pairwise comparison matrix, corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. The proposed expert system will allow us to use interdisciplinary knowledge provided by human experts to prioritize abandoned mine hazards. A reliable rating system will help to integrate diverse perspectives in reclamation for a better allocation of available resources.

One of the major challenges for collective intelligence is inconsistency, which is unavoidable wh... more One of the major challenges for collective intelligence is inconsistency, which is unavoidable whenever subjective assessments are involved. Pairwise comparisons allow one to represent such subjective assessments and to process them by analyzing, quantifying and identifying the inconsistencies. We propose using smaller scales for pairwise comparisons and provide mathematical and practical justifications for this change. Our postulate's aim is to initiate a paradigm shift in the search for a better scale construction for pairwise comparisons. Beyond pairwise comparisons, the results presented may be relevant to other methods using subjective scales.

Advances in Soft Computing, 2007

The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information... more The new method, based on automatic understanding is proposed for fighting spam in web information exchange (especially email correspondence). The web cancer term is used to reflect the variety and sophistication of web contamination. The notable oncology achievements in medicine could inspire more research towards finding solutions to what can easily turn into an analogous civilization crisis. Automatic understanding is appropriate for the semantic-level content analysis and is expected to substantially reduce the wasted user time for semi-automatic analysis needed for the massive processing as most filters are too tight or too loose. Advances in Intelligent Web Mastering, Proceedings of the 5th Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference - AWIC 2007, Fontainebleau, France, June 25 - 27, 2007.