Zeeshan Ashraf - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zeeshan Ashraf

The present study is focused on the detailed investigation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages a... more The present study is focused on the detailed investigation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and interpretation of microfacies of the Lockhart Limestone in the field section located along Pail-Khushab Road, Central Salt Range, Pakistan. The formation is predominantly comprised of nodular limestone with occasional shale intercalations. Important species of Larger Benthic Foraminifera identified in the studied section of Lockhart Limestone include; Miscellanea miscella, Miscellanea juliettae, Lockhartia haimei, Lockhartia conica, Lockhartia conditi, Lockhartia tipperi, Ranikothalia sindensis, Ranikothalia sahni and Discocyclina ranikotensi along with Dasycladale algae and Miliolids. As per correlation with the Tethyan shallow benthic zonation scheme proposed by Serra-Kiel et al. (1998), the (SBZ 3-5) of Late Thanetian age is assigned to the section based on the age diagnostic species of foraminiferal assemblages. Restricted inner ramp to Proximal mid ramp settings of the Tethyan carbonate platform are represented by; Mudstone Microfacies (LFMF-1), Mud-Wackestone Microfacies (LFMF-2), Wackestone Microfacies (LFMF-3), Wacke-Packstone Microfacies (LFMF-4) and Packstone Microfacies (LFMF5) observed in the stratigraphic section. Different diagenetic features which are identified in Lockhart Limestone are; dolomitization, neomorphism, compaction, dissolution, micritization of bioclasts and fracture fillings.

Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 7, 2021

Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3, 2022

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, 2020

Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by ... more Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard. Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology OPD-Gulab Devi Te...

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, 2021

Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii which is an obligatory intracellular... more Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii which is an obligatory intracellular parasite. Globally Q fever is a widespread zoonosis. It is characterized by headaches, sudden fever and atypical pneumonia. In the rural environment, the main reservoir includes goats, sheep, cows, dogs, cats and rabbits. The main reservoir of this bacteria is considered domestic animals. They produce in a large number in amniotic fluid and placenta during childbirth. The main route of infection is inhalation. Q fever can cause both acute and chronic infection, mostly asymptomatic in humans and animals. Inactivated whole-cell bacteria vaccination strategy has been performed which provides effective outcomes in humans and animals but many side effects have been observed. The recombinant vaccine has been developed and provides many effective results in experimental conditions. One of the major challenges is the lack of accurate diagnosis facilities if it becomes possible, the prognosis of...

Background: Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is a useful test for differentiating tu... more Background: Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is a useful test for differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions. Trans-thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is currently being used to identify pleural effusions, septations and safely conduct invasive procedures. Recently sonographic septations are reported as significant predictor of tuberculosis. By combining these two entities, diagnostic yield can be increased tremendously for tuberculosis. Objectives: To evaluate the combined effect of sonographic findings of septations and pleural fluid ADA levels on the diagnostic yield for tuberculous pleural effusions. Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Pulmonology Outpatients Department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore from January 2016 till June 2018. Total 415 cases with age 14 years and above, having radiological evidence of pleural effusion and willing for ADA level estimation were included in the study. Detailed history, physical exami...

Background: Corona virus infection requires early detection and precise diagnosis for an effectiv... more Background: Corona virus infection requires early detection and precise diagnosis for an effective control in community. COVID-19 PCR is the gold standard diagnostic test having low sensitivity and adequate availability constraints. Because of high false negative rate, a large number of undetected patients remain a constant source of inadvertent disease dissemination in the community. This study was conducted to explore the diagnostic usefulness of transthoracic ultrasonography for COVID-19 pneumonia during the current pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from April 1, 2020 to July 30, 2020. A total of 237 patients with dry cough, fever and shortness of breath of sudden onset, clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 pulmonary infection, were included in the study. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray/HRCT, transthoracic ultrasonography, COVID-19 RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal sample...

2018 14th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), 2018

The fast growth of the Internet has resulted in IPv4 addresses depletion. Internet Service Provid... more The fast growth of the Internet has resulted in IPv4 addresses depletion. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are trying to replace their IPv4 networks with IPv6 gradually. IPv6 was launched with new features like simpler header format, larger address space, efficient routing and built-in security. IPv4-IPv6 transition process has been slow therefore both versions of IP are expected to co-exist for some time. As IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible to each other, therefore packet traversing and routing has to face challenges. Tunneling is a temporary solution which is used to resolve packet traversing. This research presents the behavioral analysis of Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv3) through several IPv6 tunneling protocols (6in4, 6to4, ISATAP & GRE) over large scale IPv4 network. The performance of OSPFv3 is measured through route summarization over hybrid IPv4-IPv6 network on the basis of numerous parameters like convergence & re-convergence time, round trip time, response time, tunnel overhead and protocol traffic statistics.

The Applied Biology & Chemistry Journal, 2020

The current pandemic of COVID-19 was first observed in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019, ... more The current pandemic of COVID-19 was first observed in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which later appeared worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) declares coronavirus pandemic as an international issue of a public health emergency worldwide. On 11 February 2020, WHO named this virus as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Different effective preventive measures were implemented to control the transmission of COVID-19. After the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Pakistan, the government designed other effective protocols to fight against this zoonotic disease. This review highlighted the COVID-19 outbreak prevalence in Pakistan with their current scenario and the government response to combat the disease.

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2021

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2020

Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test,... more Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test, limited availability of testing kits, and low detection rate, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography of chest (HRCT) for diagnosing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of HRCT thorax in Covid-19 pandemic pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology–OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from 01-04-2020 to 15-07-2020. 121 patients with dry cough, fever, and dyspnea of sudden onset were included while patients with Bronchial Asthma, ILD, Tuberculosis, Bronchiectasis, COPD, and overt heart failure were excluded. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray, HRCT, COVID-PCR, and hematological tests. HRCT films were evaluated by a qualified and experienced radiologist. Findings were summarized, organized and statistical ana...

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis and malignancy in transudative pleural eff... more Objectives: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis and malignancy in transudative pleural effusions.Material and Method: The study was conducted in Pulmonology-OPD, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital Lahore from Oct. 2017 to Feb. 2019. One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with transudative pleural effusions and 14-69 years age, willing for invasive investigations & ADA estimation were included, while those not willing for further investigations, participation in the study, and exudative effusions were excluded. The clinical features, pleural fluid analysis findings, ADA(Adenosine deaminase) estimation results, hematology, echocardiography, bronchoscopy, Lymph node biopsy, CT-thorax, ultrasound chest & abdomen results were recorded on a preformed proforma. Findings were summarized, tabulated, and analyzed statistically using SPSS-16 software.Results: Out of 1370 cases of pleural effusion, 128 cases (9.34%) with pleural transudate were isolated. In all patients, pleural flu...

International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 2019

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2017

European Journal of Business …, 2012

The aim of this study is to explore the link among important factors with effect organizational c... more The aim of this study is to explore the link among important factors with effect organizational commitment. Secondly this study focuses to make a positive significant relation in setting of goals, engagement of employee and optimistic approach of behavior ...

International Journal of Business and Management, 2012

Lahore falls in the region of semi-arid zone having long and extremely hot summers and comparativ... more Lahore falls in the region of semi-arid zone having long and extremely hot summers and comparatively short and mild winters. The extreme temperature in summers that spans from March to October is responsible for high solar radiation, which causes heat gain in buildings. Sun light obstruction by a horizontal shade at west, due to the low altitude of sun in summers, is not possible. This emphasizes the need of windows with high energy performance. This paper describes a simulated study conducted to test the impact of two parameters of window design i-e orientation and glazing material used, on the heat gain in semi-arid climate. The major component of window is glazing material, which is an important parameter for study regarding heat gain. The orientation is studied as it is one of the fundamental design parameter. The significance of this study is quantitative evaluation, with the acquisition of measurable data, generated through a software named as “comfen” specifically designed to...

The present study is focused on the detailed investigation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages a... more The present study is focused on the detailed investigation of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and interpretation of microfacies of the Lockhart Limestone in the field section located along Pail-Khushab Road, Central Salt Range, Pakistan. The formation is predominantly comprised of nodular limestone with occasional shale intercalations. Important species of Larger Benthic Foraminifera identified in the studied section of Lockhart Limestone include; Miscellanea miscella, Miscellanea juliettae, Lockhartia haimei, Lockhartia conica, Lockhartia conditi, Lockhartia tipperi, Ranikothalia sindensis, Ranikothalia sahni and Discocyclina ranikotensi along with Dasycladale algae and Miliolids. As per correlation with the Tethyan shallow benthic zonation scheme proposed by Serra-Kiel et al. (1998), the (SBZ 3-5) of Late Thanetian age is assigned to the section based on the age diagnostic species of foraminiferal assemblages. Restricted inner ramp to Proximal mid ramp settings of the Tethyan carbonate platform are represented by; Mudstone Microfacies (LFMF-1), Mud-Wackestone Microfacies (LFMF-2), Wackestone Microfacies (LFMF-3), Wacke-Packstone Microfacies (LFMF-4) and Packstone Microfacies (LFMF5) observed in the stratigraphic section. Different diagenetic features which are identified in Lockhart Limestone are; dolomitization, neomorphism, compaction, dissolution, micritization of bioclasts and fracture fillings.

Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 7, 2021

Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3, 2022

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, 2020

Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by ... more Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard. Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology OPD-Gulab Devi Te...

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, 2021

Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii which is an obligatory intracellular... more Q fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii which is an obligatory intracellular parasite. Globally Q fever is a widespread zoonosis. It is characterized by headaches, sudden fever and atypical pneumonia. In the rural environment, the main reservoir includes goats, sheep, cows, dogs, cats and rabbits. The main reservoir of this bacteria is considered domestic animals. They produce in a large number in amniotic fluid and placenta during childbirth. The main route of infection is inhalation. Q fever can cause both acute and chronic infection, mostly asymptomatic in humans and animals. Inactivated whole-cell bacteria vaccination strategy has been performed which provides effective outcomes in humans and animals but many side effects have been observed. The recombinant vaccine has been developed and provides many effective results in experimental conditions. One of the major challenges is the lack of accurate diagnosis facilities if it becomes possible, the prognosis of...

Background: Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is a useful test for differentiating tu... more Background: Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is a useful test for differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions. Trans-thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is currently being used to identify pleural effusions, septations and safely conduct invasive procedures. Recently sonographic septations are reported as significant predictor of tuberculosis. By combining these two entities, diagnostic yield can be increased tremendously for tuberculosis. Objectives: To evaluate the combined effect of sonographic findings of septations and pleural fluid ADA levels on the diagnostic yield for tuberculous pleural effusions. Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Pulmonology Outpatients Department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore from January 2016 till June 2018. Total 415 cases with age 14 years and above, having radiological evidence of pleural effusion and willing for ADA level estimation were included in the study. Detailed history, physical exami...

Background: Corona virus infection requires early detection and precise diagnosis for an effectiv... more Background: Corona virus infection requires early detection and precise diagnosis for an effective control in community. COVID-19 PCR is the gold standard diagnostic test having low sensitivity and adequate availability constraints. Because of high false negative rate, a large number of undetected patients remain a constant source of inadvertent disease dissemination in the community. This study was conducted to explore the diagnostic usefulness of transthoracic ultrasonography for COVID-19 pneumonia during the current pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from April 1, 2020 to July 30, 2020. A total of 237 patients with dry cough, fever and shortness of breath of sudden onset, clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 pulmonary infection, were included in the study. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray/HRCT, transthoracic ultrasonography, COVID-19 RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal sample...

2018 14th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), 2018

The fast growth of the Internet has resulted in IPv4 addresses depletion. Internet Service Provid... more The fast growth of the Internet has resulted in IPv4 addresses depletion. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are trying to replace their IPv4 networks with IPv6 gradually. IPv6 was launched with new features like simpler header format, larger address space, efficient routing and built-in security. IPv4-IPv6 transition process has been slow therefore both versions of IP are expected to co-exist for some time. As IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible to each other, therefore packet traversing and routing has to face challenges. Tunneling is a temporary solution which is used to resolve packet traversing. This research presents the behavioral analysis of Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv3) through several IPv6 tunneling protocols (6in4, 6to4, ISATAP & GRE) over large scale IPv4 network. The performance of OSPFv3 is measured through route summarization over hybrid IPv4-IPv6 network on the basis of numerous parameters like convergence & re-convergence time, round trip time, response time, tunnel overhead and protocol traffic statistics.

The Applied Biology & Chemistry Journal, 2020

The current pandemic of COVID-19 was first observed in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019, ... more The current pandemic of COVID-19 was first observed in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which later appeared worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) declares coronavirus pandemic as an international issue of a public health emergency worldwide. On 11 February 2020, WHO named this virus as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Different effective preventive measures were implemented to control the transmission of COVID-19. After the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Pakistan, the government designed other effective protocols to fight against this zoonotic disease. This review highlighted the COVID-19 outbreak prevalence in Pakistan with their current scenario and the government response to combat the disease.

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2021

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2020

Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test,... more Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test, limited availability of testing kits, and low detection rate, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography of chest (HRCT) for diagnosing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of HRCT thorax in Covid-19 pandemic pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology–OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from 01-04-2020 to 15-07-2020. 121 patients with dry cough, fever, and dyspnea of sudden onset were included while patients with Bronchial Asthma, ILD, Tuberculosis, Bronchiectasis, COPD, and overt heart failure were excluded. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray, HRCT, COVID-PCR, and hematological tests. HRCT films were evaluated by a qualified and experienced radiologist. Findings were summarized, organized and statistical ana...

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis and malignancy in transudative pleural eff... more Objectives: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis and malignancy in transudative pleural effusions.Material and Method: The study was conducted in Pulmonology-OPD, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital Lahore from Oct. 2017 to Feb. 2019. One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with transudative pleural effusions and 14-69 years age, willing for invasive investigations & ADA estimation were included, while those not willing for further investigations, participation in the study, and exudative effusions were excluded. The clinical features, pleural fluid analysis findings, ADA(Adenosine deaminase) estimation results, hematology, echocardiography, bronchoscopy, Lymph node biopsy, CT-thorax, ultrasound chest & abdomen results were recorded on a preformed proforma. Findings were summarized, tabulated, and analyzed statistically using SPSS-16 software.Results: Out of 1370 cases of pleural effusion, 128 cases (9.34%) with pleural transudate were isolated. In all patients, pleural flu...

International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 2019

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2017

European Journal of Business …, 2012

The aim of this study is to explore the link among important factors with effect organizational c... more The aim of this study is to explore the link among important factors with effect organizational commitment. Secondly this study focuses to make a positive significant relation in setting of goals, engagement of employee and optimistic approach of behavior ...

International Journal of Business and Management, 2012

Lahore falls in the region of semi-arid zone having long and extremely hot summers and comparativ... more Lahore falls in the region of semi-arid zone having long and extremely hot summers and comparatively short and mild winters. The extreme temperature in summers that spans from March to October is responsible for high solar radiation, which causes heat gain in buildings. Sun light obstruction by a horizontal shade at west, due to the low altitude of sun in summers, is not possible. This emphasizes the need of windows with high energy performance. This paper describes a simulated study conducted to test the impact of two parameters of window design i-e orientation and glazing material used, on the heat gain in semi-arid climate. The major component of window is glazing material, which is an important parameter for study regarding heat gain. The orientation is studied as it is one of the fundamental design parameter. The significance of this study is quantitative evaluation, with the acquisition of measurable data, generated through a software named as “comfen” specifically designed to...