Zeev Winstok - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zeev Winstok

Violence Against Women, 2004

ABSTRACT

Violence Against Women, 2001

ABSTRACT

Qualitative Health Research, 2002

The purpose of this article is to explore the structure and content of recollections of violent e... more The purpose of this article is to explore the structure and content of recollections of violent events among cohabiting partners. The authors used qualitative methodology to examine 48 in-depth interviews. Content analysis of the interviews yielded two parallel and interrelated continua: One represented the life circumstances (staying in spite of violence) impinging on the recollections; the other dealt with the content of the memories of violent events. These two interacted according to a series of structural features. Both men and women living in violent relationships described a contextual variation ranging from choosing to stay to being prevented from leaving. The memory of violence was constructed in a manner meant to achieve coherence with the appropriate context.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2000

The aim of this study was to present and initially test a model of escalation to verbal and physi... more The aim of this study was to present and initially test a model of escalation to verbal and physical aggression among Israeli youths. Stratified sampling was used to obtain data from 799 students in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of junior high schools in a northern Israeli city and its suburbs. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis confirmed that there is a significant positive correlation between the constructs of the so-called escalation preference and capability, and showed that both significantly influenced the escalation pattern. In addition, boys and younger students appeared to demonstrate a higher escalatory tendency than girls and older students. Theoretical and practical implications for professional intervention are discussed.

Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2007

The aim of the current study was to explore male and female adolescents' intentions to react to v... more The aim of the current study was to explore male and female adolescents' intentions to react to verbal and physical aggression issued by other males and females of the same age. The study is based on a sample of 292 male and female adolescents from 12 classes in four schools in northern Israel, two junior-high and two high-schools, 46.7% were males and 53.3% females. Sixteen short scenarios were presented to the interviewees, consisting of eight verbal provocations (four by males and four by females) and eight physical provocations. The results indicated that girls and boys perceived provocation differently. Males are more ''gender oriented,'' whereas girls are more ''content oriented,'' Males attend more to details of physical aggression, whereas females to details of verbal aggression. Yet, males are most concerned with the gender of the provocateur, whereas females are more attentive to the severity of the provocation, thus differentiating between verbal and physical forms of provocation, as representing different levels of attack, and within each form, differentiating along a continuum of severity of the attack. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of reactive aggression. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, 17(3), 507-524

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011

This study addresses the intended escalatory tendency in eight hypothetical situations in which t... more This study addresses the intended escalatory tendency in eight hypothetical situations in which the provocator's identity (partner or stranger, male or female) and the provocation form (verbal or physical aggression) were manipulated. The research question is "how does the identity of the provocator and the form of his or her provocation affect the participant's intended escalation level, and does the gender of the participant affect differences in intended escalation level?" The research sample consisted of 208 Israeli couples. The main finding is that women's intended response to their male partner is more escalatory than men's intended response to their female partner. Results also show that women's escalation is the most severe to partner provocation and the least severe to male strangers' provocation. Men's escalation is the most severe to provocation by male strangers and the least severe to their partner's provocation. Findings indicate that men's intention to escalate decreases as their partner's provocation becomes more severe. The severity of provocation has little effect on women's inten-tion to escalate. Such results are consistent with social role theory and sexual selection theory that maintain that status enhancement is more important for men than for women, and is more important for men than risk reduction is, whereas the opposite is true for women.

Journal of Community Psychology, 2011

Journal of Child Custody, 2004

... Thus, for some children, the divorce may come as a re-lief from the family tension, whereas f... more ... Thus, for some children, the divorce may come as a re-lief from the family tension, whereas for others it may aggravate preexisting problems (Amato, 2000; Bauserman, 2002; Bynum & Durm, 1996; Jaffe, 1998; Wallerstein & Blakeslee, 1989). ...

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2003

Children and Youth Services Review, 2008

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the underlying mechanism of the formation, deve... more The aim of this study was to identify and examine the underlying mechanism of the formation, development and termination of interpersonal conflicts in intimate relationships, whereby men use violence against women. The study used qualitative methodology in sampling, data collection and data analysis. It consisted of 50 in-depth qualitative interviews (25 men and 25 women). The findings indicate that the developmental course of the escalatory conflict is regulated by both motivation and control elements. The discussion emphasizes the importance of both research and practice to focus on escalation rather than aggression, and views aggression as its expression.

Children and Youth Services Review, 1998

There is growing empirical evidence regarding the positive correlation between children living in... more There is growing empirical evidence regarding the positive correlation between children living in violence-ridden family environments and their impaired development in the physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social domains. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the experience of children who are exposed to violence perpetrated by their father against their mother and suggest a constructivist theoretical model which may serve as the basis for further hypothesizing and intervention. A brief review of the pertinent literature serves as the basis for identifying four constructs used by children who are exposed to such violence in order to come to terms with it (e.g., living with a secret, living in conflict of loyalties, living in terror and fear, and living in an aggressive and dominance-oriented context). The various world views underlying these constructs are described, analyzed and discussed. The model suggests two dimensions along which these constructs can be analyzed (level of acknowledgment and loyalty to one or the other parent), and elaborates the process by which they become established. The possible options of locating specific children along these two dimensions are suggested. Some implications for research and differential intervention are proposed.

Children and Youth Services Review, 2008

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2009

The relationship of men's self-control capability; their need to control their wives; and their u... more The relationship of men's self-control capability; their need to control their wives; and their use of verbal aggression, threats, and physical forms of aggression against their partners, as reported by women, were examined. Data were obtained from a stratified probability sample of 2,544 women drawn from the general population in Israel. Initially, structural equation modeling analysis showed that (a) men's need to control their partners and their ability to control themselves were negatively related, and were 2 aspects of personal control; (b) men's verbal aggression, threats of physical aggression and actual physical aggression toward their partners were closely related, and were 3 aspects of aggressive behavior; (c) personal control and aggressive behavior were closely related. Next, a revised model that fitted the data better, demonstrated that verbal aggression was more closely related to personal control than to aggressive behavior. Finally, a model representing co-occurrence of control and violent expressions was tested. This model yielded the best fit to the data. We concluded that control and aggression are two conceptualizations of the same phenomenon, rather than 2 distinct, yet interrelated, concepts.

American Journal of Men's Health, 2008

The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent be... more The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent behaviors among same- and opposite-genders. More specifically, those perceived violent behaviors are examined as the outcome of adolescents' cost-risk goals. The study assumes two conflicting social goals: Whereas the goal of risk reduction may motivate withdrawal from conflict, and decrease the prevalence of violent events, the goal of pursuing social status may motivate initiation and/or retaliation, thus increasing the prevalence of violence. The study is based on a sample of 155 high-school students that recorded the frequency of observing violent events in their peer group over a one-week period. Findings demonstrate that for males, opponent gender had a primary effect on violence distribution. Males exhibited violence against males more frequently than against females. This result is consistent with the assumption that males set a higher priority to pursuing social status. For females, verbal violence was more frequent than physical forms of aggression. This is consistent with the assumption that females set a higher priority on avoiding risk. These results are discussed from an evolutionary cost-risk perspective.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2014

Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depressio... more Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depression than in nonviolent relationships. Most of these studies were based on samples of battered women. Very little research has examined the depression levels of women who physically assault a marital or dating partner or men who assault or are victims of female assaults. Moreover, the association between intimate partner physical violence and depression does not provide a theoretical framework or an explanation for the differences in depression levels of male and female perpetrators and victims. This article presents a preliminary, yet empirically grounded, foundation for explaining research findings on depression levels for males and females in three "Dyadic Types" of intimate partner physical violence: Male-Only, Female-Only, and Both Violent. The theoretical framework involves identifying the relation of intimate partner physical violence to be of greater male than female concern with status enhancement and greater female than male concern with risk reduction, and how these play out in each of the Dyadic Types.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2011

Children and Youth Services Review - CHILD YOUTH SERV REV, 2008

Violence Against Women, 2004

ABSTRACT

Violence Against Women, 2001

ABSTRACT

Qualitative Health Research, 2002

The purpose of this article is to explore the structure and content of recollections of violent e... more The purpose of this article is to explore the structure and content of recollections of violent events among cohabiting partners. The authors used qualitative methodology to examine 48 in-depth interviews. Content analysis of the interviews yielded two parallel and interrelated continua: One represented the life circumstances (staying in spite of violence) impinging on the recollections; the other dealt with the content of the memories of violent events. These two interacted according to a series of structural features. Both men and women living in violent relationships described a contextual variation ranging from choosing to stay to being prevented from leaving. The memory of violence was constructed in a manner meant to achieve coherence with the appropriate context.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2000

The aim of this study was to present and initially test a model of escalation to verbal and physi... more The aim of this study was to present and initially test a model of escalation to verbal and physical aggression among Israeli youths. Stratified sampling was used to obtain data from 799 students in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of junior high schools in a northern Israeli city and its suburbs. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis confirmed that there is a significant positive correlation between the constructs of the so-called escalation preference and capability, and showed that both significantly influenced the escalation pattern. In addition, boys and younger students appeared to demonstrate a higher escalatory tendency than girls and older students. Theoretical and practical implications for professional intervention are discussed.

Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2007

The aim of the current study was to explore male and female adolescents' intentions to react to v... more The aim of the current study was to explore male and female adolescents' intentions to react to verbal and physical aggression issued by other males and females of the same age. The study is based on a sample of 292 male and female adolescents from 12 classes in four schools in northern Israel, two junior-high and two high-schools, 46.7% were males and 53.3% females. Sixteen short scenarios were presented to the interviewees, consisting of eight verbal provocations (four by males and four by females) and eight physical provocations. The results indicated that girls and boys perceived provocation differently. Males are more ''gender oriented,'' whereas girls are more ''content oriented,'' Males attend more to details of physical aggression, whereas females to details of verbal aggression. Yet, males are most concerned with the gender of the provocateur, whereas females are more attentive to the severity of the provocation, thus differentiating between verbal and physical forms of provocation, as representing different levels of attack, and within each form, differentiating along a continuum of severity of the attack. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of reactive aggression. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, 17(3), 507-524

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011

This study addresses the intended escalatory tendency in eight hypothetical situations in which t... more This study addresses the intended escalatory tendency in eight hypothetical situations in which the provocator's identity (partner or stranger, male or female) and the provocation form (verbal or physical aggression) were manipulated. The research question is "how does the identity of the provocator and the form of his or her provocation affect the participant's intended escalation level, and does the gender of the participant affect differences in intended escalation level?" The research sample consisted of 208 Israeli couples. The main finding is that women's intended response to their male partner is more escalatory than men's intended response to their female partner. Results also show that women's escalation is the most severe to partner provocation and the least severe to male strangers' provocation. Men's escalation is the most severe to provocation by male strangers and the least severe to their partner's provocation. Findings indicate that men's intention to escalate decreases as their partner's provocation becomes more severe. The severity of provocation has little effect on women's inten-tion to escalate. Such results are consistent with social role theory and sexual selection theory that maintain that status enhancement is more important for men than for women, and is more important for men than risk reduction is, whereas the opposite is true for women.

Journal of Community Psychology, 2011

Journal of Child Custody, 2004

... Thus, for some children, the divorce may come as a re-lief from the family tension, whereas f... more ... Thus, for some children, the divorce may come as a re-lief from the family tension, whereas for others it may aggravate preexisting problems (Amato, 2000; Bauserman, 2002; Bynum & Durm, 1996; Jaffe, 1998; Wallerstein & Blakeslee, 1989). ...

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2003

Children and Youth Services Review, 2008

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the underlying mechanism of the formation, deve... more The aim of this study was to identify and examine the underlying mechanism of the formation, development and termination of interpersonal conflicts in intimate relationships, whereby men use violence against women. The study used qualitative methodology in sampling, data collection and data analysis. It consisted of 50 in-depth qualitative interviews (25 men and 25 women). The findings indicate that the developmental course of the escalatory conflict is regulated by both motivation and control elements. The discussion emphasizes the importance of both research and practice to focus on escalation rather than aggression, and views aggression as its expression.

Children and Youth Services Review, 1998

There is growing empirical evidence regarding the positive correlation between children living in... more There is growing empirical evidence regarding the positive correlation between children living in violence-ridden family environments and their impaired development in the physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social domains. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the experience of children who are exposed to violence perpetrated by their father against their mother and suggest a constructivist theoretical model which may serve as the basis for further hypothesizing and intervention. A brief review of the pertinent literature serves as the basis for identifying four constructs used by children who are exposed to such violence in order to come to terms with it (e.g., living with a secret, living in conflict of loyalties, living in terror and fear, and living in an aggressive and dominance-oriented context). The various world views underlying these constructs are described, analyzed and discussed. The model suggests two dimensions along which these constructs can be analyzed (level of acknowledgment and loyalty to one or the other parent), and elaborates the process by which they become established. The possible options of locating specific children along these two dimensions are suggested. Some implications for research and differential intervention are proposed.

Children and Youth Services Review, 2008

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2009

The relationship of men's self-control capability; their need to control their wives; and their u... more The relationship of men's self-control capability; their need to control their wives; and their use of verbal aggression, threats, and physical forms of aggression against their partners, as reported by women, were examined. Data were obtained from a stratified probability sample of 2,544 women drawn from the general population in Israel. Initially, structural equation modeling analysis showed that (a) men's need to control their partners and their ability to control themselves were negatively related, and were 2 aspects of personal control; (b) men's verbal aggression, threats of physical aggression and actual physical aggression toward their partners were closely related, and were 3 aspects of aggressive behavior; (c) personal control and aggressive behavior were closely related. Next, a revised model that fitted the data better, demonstrated that verbal aggression was more closely related to personal control than to aggressive behavior. Finally, a model representing co-occurrence of control and violent expressions was tested. This model yielded the best fit to the data. We concluded that control and aggression are two conceptualizations of the same phenomenon, rather than 2 distinct, yet interrelated, concepts.

American Journal of Men's Health, 2008

The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent be... more The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent behaviors among same- and opposite-genders. More specifically, those perceived violent behaviors are examined as the outcome of adolescents' cost-risk goals. The study assumes two conflicting social goals: Whereas the goal of risk reduction may motivate withdrawal from conflict, and decrease the prevalence of violent events, the goal of pursuing social status may motivate initiation and/or retaliation, thus increasing the prevalence of violence. The study is based on a sample of 155 high-school students that recorded the frequency of observing violent events in their peer group over a one-week period. Findings demonstrate that for males, opponent gender had a primary effect on violence distribution. Males exhibited violence against males more frequently than against females. This result is consistent with the assumption that males set a higher priority to pursuing social status. For females, verbal violence was more frequent than physical forms of aggression. This is consistent with the assumption that females set a higher priority on avoiding risk. These results are discussed from an evolutionary cost-risk perspective.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2014

Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depressio... more Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depression than in nonviolent relationships. Most of these studies were based on samples of battered women. Very little research has examined the depression levels of women who physically assault a marital or dating partner or men who assault or are victims of female assaults. Moreover, the association between intimate partner physical violence and depression does not provide a theoretical framework or an explanation for the differences in depression levels of male and female perpetrators and victims. This article presents a preliminary, yet empirically grounded, foundation for explaining research findings on depression levels for males and females in three "Dyadic Types" of intimate partner physical violence: Male-Only, Female-Only, and Both Violent. The theoretical framework involves identifying the relation of intimate partner physical violence to be of greater male than female concern with status enhancement and greater female than male concern with risk reduction, and how these play out in each of the Dyadic Types.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2011

Children and Youth Services Review - CHILD YOUTH SERV REV, 2008