Girum Zeleke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Girum Zeleke

Bivariate and multivariate analyses of demographic and clinical risk factors for raised blood pressure, raised blood sugar, raised total cholesterol level, Ethiopia NCD Steps 2015

Bivariate and multivariate analyses of demographic and clinical risk factors for raised ... more Bivariate and multivariate analyses of demographic and clinical risk factors for raised blood pressure, raised blood sugar, raised total cholesterol level, Ethiopia NCD Steps 2015.</p

PloS one, Feb 23, 2024

Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) currently cause more deaths than all other causes o... more Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) currently cause more deaths than all other causes of deaths. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseasesthreaten the health and economies of individuals and populations worldwide. This study aimed to assess the availability and readiness of health facilities for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and describe the changes of service availability for common NCDs in Ethiopia. Methods We used data from the 2014 Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment Plus (ESPA +) and 2016 and 2018 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) surveys, which were cross-sectional health facility-based studies. A total of 873 health facilities in 2014, 547 in 2016, 632 in 2018 were included in the analysis. (ESPA+) and SARA surveys are conducted as a census or a nationally/sub-nationally representative sample of health facilities. Proportion of facilities that offered the service for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, cancer diseases, mental illness, and chronic renal diseases was calculated to measure health service availability. The health facility service readiness was measured using the mean availably of tracer items that are required to offer the service. Thus, 13 tracer items for diabetes disease, 12 for cardiovascular disease, 11 for chronic respiratory disease and 11 cervical cancer services were used. Results The services available for diagnosis and management did not show improvement between 2014, 2016 and 2018 for diabetes (59%, 22% and 36%); for cardiovascular diseases (73%, 41% and 49%); chronic respiratory diseases (76%, 45% and 53%). Similarly, at the national

BMC Women's Health

Background The use of contraceptive is key in reducing unsafe abortion from unintended pregnancie... more Background The use of contraceptive is key in reducing unsafe abortion from unintended pregnancies, infant mortality, adolescent pregnancies, slowing population growth and helps to prevent HIV/AIDS. However, less than one-third of women within reproductive age in Ethiopia uses modern contraceptive methods. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and to identify potential factors on use of modern contraceptive method. Methods Data from 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey were used in this analysis. A total of 8885 women within the ages of 15–49 years across 305 enumeration areas in nine regions and two city administrations were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model were applied to examine the association between women’s background characteristics and modern contraceptives utilization. Results Only 28.1% of all women used modern contraceptives. About 40% of the modern contraceptive users were bet...

Prevalence of raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia and their determinants, WHO STEPs study, 2015, Ethiopia

Prevalence of raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia and their determinants, WHO STEPs stu... more Prevalence of raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia and their determinants, WHO STEPs study, 2015, Ethiopia.</p

Prevalence of raised total cholesterol level and metabolic syndrome, and their determinants WHO STEPS survey, Ethiopia 2015

Prevalence of raised total cholesterol level and metabolic syndrome, and their determina... more Prevalence of raised total cholesterol level and metabolic syndrome, and their determinants WHO STEPS survey, Ethiopia 2015.</p

Prevalence of dyslipidemia, WHO STEPS survey, Ethiopia 2015

Prevalence of dyslipidemia, WHO STEPS survey, Ethiopia 2015.</p

Background: The use of contraceptive is key in reducing unsafe abortion from unintended pregnanci... more Background: The use of contraceptive is key in reducing unsafe abortion from unintended pregnancies, infant mortality, adolescent pregnancies, slowing population growth and helps to prevent HIV/AIDS. However, less than one-third of women within reproductive age in Ethiopia uses modern contraceptive methods. Hence, this study aims to identify potential factors on use of modern contraceptive method.Methods: Data from 2019 Ethiopian min Demographic and Health Survey were used in this analysis. A total of 8,885 women within the ages of 15–49 years across 305 enumeration areas in nine regions and two city administrations were included in the analysis. Logistic regression model used to examine the association between women’s background characteristics and modern contraceptives use. Results: Only 28.1% of women used modern contraceptives. About 40% of the modern contraceptive users were between age of 25-29 and 30–34 years. There was significant association between women’s age, level of ed...

Availability and readiness of cervical cancer screening service at health facilities in Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of public health and nutrition, Jan 29, 2021

An Introduction to Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Courses

Application of uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression model

This text Book shows the application of uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression model wi... more This text Book shows the application of uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression model with its measure of association, unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio and result interpretation.This is powerful technique and widely used in various public health research. Here logistic regression model was applied to identify the risk factors for knowledge of community in identifying the signs and symptoms, modes of transmission and methods of prevention of malaria in Ethiopia. The multivariate logistic models showed study participants'' gender, level of education, place of residence and climate of the residence area were the most important determinants of knowledge about signs and symptoms, modes of transmission and methods of prevention of malaria.

Time series analysis on monthly average Rwanda currency exchange rate against US dollars

ABSTRACT

Development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia

Ethiopian medical journal, 2005

Following the high rate of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Ethiopia changed the nati... more Following the high rate of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Ethiopia changed the national drug policy in 1999 from chloroquine to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) as first line. However, the useful therapeutic lifespan of SP may be limited by the rapid emergence of resistance. We conducted a study between October and November 2001 to examine the current extent of SP resistance to P. falciparum in Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 93 patients with uncomplicated P. faliciparum malaria were studied from Habru (n=50) and Weizazirt (n=43) localities. Drug resistance was evaluated using the 14-day WHO in vivo test protocol. Parasitological resistance to SP was found to be 32.0% (16/50) and 4.7% (2/43) in Harbu and Weizazirt localities, respectively. The corresponding clinical failure rates were 20.0% (10/50) and 4.7% (2/43). Of the parasitological failure at Harbu, 9 patients were classified as RI, 6 as RII and one as RIII type response. Among the clinical failures, 7...

Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2010

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Surprisingly, the hi... more Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Surprisingly, the highest level of stunting is found in food surplus areas of the country. Objective: To identify the determinants of stunting in food surplus areas of West Gojam Zone. Method: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 622 mother-child pairs of 0-59 month old children in Mecha and Wenberma Woredas of West Gojam Zone, Northern Ethiopia between May and June 2006. The study investigated the differential impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors, health related factors and dietary factors on stunting among under-five children. Both bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis (logistic regression model) were used to identify the determinants of under-five stunting. Results: The analyses revealed that 43.2 (12.0-17.6) 95% CI percent of the children under age five were suffering from chronic malnutrition, 14.8 (39.3-47.1) 95% CI percent were acutely malnourished and 49.2 (45.3-53.1) 95% CI percent were found to be underweight. The main contributing factors for under-five stunting were found to be sex of the child, child's age, diarrhea episode, deprivation of colostrum, duration of breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeds, type of food, age of introduction of complementary feeding and method of feeding. Conclusion: The findings of this study led to the realization that inappropriate feeding practice is the principal risk factor which brought about nutritional deprivation among under-five children in food surplus areas of Ethiopia. Thus, the importance of appropriate feeding during infancy and childhood cannot be overstated even in food surplus areas. The high prevalence of malnutrition in the study area points out the need to revisit the impression held by many people that malnutrition is not a problem in food surplus areas. Development and implementation of preventive policies aimed at addressing child malnutrition should also consider food surplus areas of the country.

PLOS ONE, 2018

The prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemias, and high blood pressure is increasing worldwide especi... more The prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemias, and high blood pressure is increasing worldwide especially in low and middle income countries. World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of the assessment of the magnitude of the specific disease in each country. We determined the prevalence and determinant factors of high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias and metabolic syndrome in Ethiopia. A community based survey was conducted from-April to June 2015 using WHO NCD STEPS instrument version 3.1. 2008. Multistage stratified systemic random sampling was used to select representative samples from 9 regions of the country. A total of 10,260 people aged 15-69 years participated in the study. Blood pressure (BP) was measured for 9788 individuals. A total of 9141 people underwent metabolic screening. The prevalence of raised blood pressure (SBP !140 and/ or DBP ! 90 mmHg) was 15.8% (16.3% in females and 15.5% in males). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (FBS ! 126 mg /dl) including those on medication was 3.2% (3.5% males and 3.0% females). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 9.1% with ADA criteria and 3.8% with WHO criteria. Hypercholesterolemia was found in 5.2%, hypertriglyceridemia in 21.0%, high LDL cholesterol occurred in 14.1% and low HDL cholesterol occurred in 68.7%. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome using IDF definition was 4.8% (8.6% in females and vs. 1.8% in males). Advanced age, urban residence, lack of physical exercise, raised waist circumference, raised waist hip ratio, overweight or obesity, and total blood cholesterol were significantly associated with raised blood pressure (BP) and diabetes mellitus.

Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2008

Background: Satisfaction is one of the meaningful indicators of patient experience of health care... more Background: Satisfaction is one of the meaningful indicators of patient experience of health care services. Asking patients what they think about the care and treatment they have received is an important step towards improving the quality of care, and to ensuring that local health services are meeting patients' needs. Various studies have reported that satisfied patients are more likely to utilize health services, comply with medical treatment, and continue with the health care provider. Objective: to assess and estimate the perceived levels of satisfaction with health services rendered at government health facilities in selected regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study that involved an exit interview was conducted in purposively selected government health centers and general hospitals in six regions of Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaire between June and September 2004. Variables used in the study were grouped and summarized into three components, namely providers' characteristics, services characteristics and cleanliness of the health facilities. Each variable was scored on a 5 point Likert-like scale, ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). The mean score 2.5 is considered as a cutoff point and scores equal and above 2.5 are taken as an indicator of users' perceived satisfaction. Both bivariate and multivariate methods of data analyses were used as deemed necessary. Results: All the three components of investigated variables have reliability coefficients ranging from 0.57 to 0.82. Results of bivariate analyses depicted that the percentage for high mean score satisfaction with health providers' characteristics ranged from 77.25% to 93.23%; with service characteristics 68.64% to 86.48%; and satisfaction with cleanliness ranged from 76.50% to 90.57%. Results of multivariate analysis showed that relatively more explanatory variables were found to be significant in influencing cleanliness (cleanliness of waiting place, examination room and medical equipment). Most of the explanatory variables in service characteristics were not statistically significant as compared to other components. Conclusion: The investigators believe that improved service delivery in health facilities could be achieved by the proper and sustainable implementation of the newly initiated civil service reform program in civil service institutions in the country. Furthermore, periodic assessment of health services and further study, especially from the user's satisfaction perspective is recommended as a fundamental initiative in the improvement of the performance of health facilities.

Application of Logistic Regression Model to Identify Potential Risk Factors of Malaria in Rwanda using 2010 Demographic and Health Survey

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science