Zhaozhong Feng - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Zhaozhong Feng
Rural Eco-Environment
ABSTRACT
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
Studies on the effects of different concentrations of triadimefon on cucumber seedlings growth an... more Studies on the effects of different concentrations of triadimefon on cucumber seedlings growth and their resistance to chilling injury showed that 20-100 mumol.L-1 triadimefon inhibited the shoot or root length of cucumber seedlings, and increased their root weight or root/shoot ratio and chlorophyll content significantly. After at low temperature for 3 days, a higher chlorophyll content, lower membrane relative permeability and higher SOD activity were observed in the leaves of cucumber seedlings soaked with 10-50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon. 50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon could retard the accumulation of MDA at low temperature stress. It was also observed that 50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon enhanced the accumulation of praline at the first day of chilling treatment. However, higher concentrations(> 100 mumol.L-1) of triadimefon were unfavorable for cucumber seedlings to defense against low temperature. It was thus concluded that triadimefon protected the cucumber seedlings against low temperature.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant. Considerable ... more Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant. Considerable attention has been focused on the use of AM in the remediation of polluted soil, but AM could be poisoned by pollutants when exposed to polluted soil, and thus, the significance of its application might be reduced. Therefore, how to reduce the negative effects of pollutants on AM is an issue to be considered in remedying polluted soil by AM. This paper briefly reviewed the effects of different organic and inorganic pollutants on AM structure, formation and function, and discussed the possible mechanisms. Both organic and inorganic pollutants could have detrimental effects on AM structure, formation and function, such as low spore germination, colonization rate, and hyphal growth. Organic pollutants indirectly affect the activity of AM fungi through affecting the carbohydrates allocation from plant to the fungi, while heavy metals directly inhibited the activity of AM fungi.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.]
Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble protein and proline, as well as the ratio chlor... more Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble protein and proline, as well as the ratio chlorophyll a/b in detached cotyledons of cucumber were distinctly increased by treating with 20 mg/L triadimefon, which suggested that triadimefon can effectively retard the senescence of detached cotyledons in cucumber. Triadimefon could inhibit the increase of peroxide (POD) activity and H2O2 content in different degree. It was found that contents of chlorophyll and protein were markedly negative correlated with the activity of POD and with the content of H2O2 respectively during the senescence of cotyledons. These results indicated triadimefon inhibit the degradation of chlorophyll and protein in cucumber cotyledons through POD- H2O2 enzyme system.
Potted plants of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (AA), Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. (FC), Platanu... more Potted plants of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (AA), Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. (FC), Platanus orientalis L. (PO), and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) were exposed to enhanced ozone levels (NF+40, averaged O3 concentration of 69 nmol mol−1 from 09:00 to 18:00) in Open Top Chambers. These species are among the most common ornamental plants in streets, gardens and tree plantations in most Chinese cities, where ozone precursors such as NO2 are steadily increasing. Ozone induced visible injury in all species as well as microscopic alterations such as thickening of the cell walls, collapse of the palisade parenchyma cells, callose accumulation or chloroplast degradation. Ozone-induced symptoms were consistent with those observed the same year in the field in three of the species (AA, FC, RP; Feng et al., 2014, Environ. Pollut. 193:296-301). Ozone reduced the maximum activity of Rubisco (Vc,max) or the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) in PO and FC already in August, before any sign...
Environmental Pollution, 2015
ABSTRACT To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species an... more ABSTRACT To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species and broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf tree plant functional types (PFTs), phytotoxic O3 doses (PODy) were related to biomass reductions. PODy was calculated using a stomatal flux model with a range of cut-off thresholds (y) indicative of varying detoxification capacities. Linear regression analysis showed that DRR for PFT and individual tree species differed in their robustness. A simplified parameterisation of the flux model was tested and showed that for most non-Mediterranean tree species, this simplified model led to similarly robust DRR as compared to a species- and climate region-specific parameterisation. Experimentally induced soil water stress was not found to substantially reduce PODy, mainly due to the short duration of soil water stress periods. This study validates the stomatal O3 flux concept and represents a step forward in predicting O3 damage to forests in a spatially and temporally varying climate. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 2009
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2014
Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-i... more Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-induced visible injury in vegetation are very scarce. Visible injury was investigated on July and August 2013 in the main parks, forest and agricultural areas of Beijing. Ozone injury was widespread in the area, being observed in 28 different species. Symptoms were more frequent in rural areas and mountains from northern Beijing, downwind from the city, and less frequent in city gardens. Among crops, injury to different types of beans (genera Phaseolus, Canavalia and Vigna) was common, and it was also observed in watermelon, grape vine, and in gourds. Native species such as ailanthus, several pines and ash species were also symptomatic. The black locust, the rose of Sharon and the Japanese morning glory were among the injured ornamental plants. Target species for broader bio-monitoring surveys in temperate China have been identified.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
The response of leaf photosynthesis and metabolite profiles to ozone (O3) exposure ranging from 3... more The response of leaf photosynthesis and metabolite profiles to ozone (O3) exposure ranging from 37 to 116 ppb was investigated in two soybean cultivars Dwight and IA3010 in the field under fully open-air conditions. Leaf photosynthesis, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and total free amino acids (TAA) decreased linearly with increasing O3 levels in both cultivars with average decrease of 7% for an increase in O3 levels by 10 ppb. Ozone interacted with developmental stages and leaf ages, and caused higher damage at later reproductive stages and in older leaves. Ozone affected yield mainly via reduction of maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) as well as a shorter growing season due to earlier onset of canopy senescence. For all parameters investigated the critical O3 levels (∼50 ppb) for detectable damage fell within O3 levels that occur routinely in soybean fields across the US and elsewhere in the world. Strong correlat...
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.], 2011
One-year-old Ilex integra seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) and elevated ozone (E-... more One-year-old Ilex integra seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, approximately 150 microL x L(-1)) for 84 days in six open-top chambers. Visible injury, growth parameters, pigments content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant system were investigated during the growing season. At the end of experiment, foliage showed remarkable visible symptoms with dark-brown necrotic spots and patches which were concaved on the upper surface of the current-year leaves. Although relative height and diameter increment, total biomass and specific leaf weight (SLW) remained unaffected, E-O3 significantly decreased the percentage of stem biomass in total biomass. E-O3 induced significant decrease in net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a/b ratio and total phenolic compound content by 19%, 9% and 36%, respectively. However, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, pigment contents, MDA contents,...
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
Nine soybean cultivars widely cultivated in Northeast China were investigated in present study to... more Nine soybean cultivars widely cultivated in Northeast China were investigated in present study to assess their O3 sensitivities on the basis of the response of photosynthesis and seed yield to ambient and future ozone (O3) concentrations, and determine whether the effects of O3 vary with the developmental stages (flowering and seed filling stages). Relative to charcoal-filtered air (CF), elevated O3 concentration (E-O3, ambient air+40 ppb) significantly reduced soybean yields by 40%, with a range of 32-46% among cultivars. E-O3 also induced significant decreases in pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence at both flowering and seed filling stages in most cultivars. Except net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (gs) at seed filling stage, all variables showed no significant interaction between O3 and cultivar, suggesting that all tested cultivars had similar sensitivities to O3. The responses of seed N content to E-O3 differed among cultivars...
PLoS ONE, 2014
Ozone (O3) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant for global forests, with decreased photosynthesis... more Ozone (O3) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant for global forests, with decreased photosynthesis widely regarded as one of its most common effects. However, controversy exists concerning the mechanism that underlies the depressing effects of O3 on CO2 assimilation. In the present study, seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora, a subtropical evergreen tree species that has rarely been studied, were exposed to ambient air (AA), ambient air plus 60 [ppb] O3 (AA+60), or ambient air plus 120 [ppb] O3 (AA+120) in open-top chambers (OTCs) for 2 years. Photosynthetic CO2 exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated in the second growing season (2010). We aim to determine whether stomatal or non-stomatal limitation is responsible for the photosynthesis reduction and to explore the potential implications for forest ecosystem functions. Results indicate that elevated O3 (E-O3) reduced the net photosynthetic rates (PN) by 6.0-32.2%, with significant differences between AA+60 and AA+120 and across the four measurement campaigns (MCs). The actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in saturated light (Fv'/Fm') was also significantly decreased by E-O3, as was the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). Moreover, E-O3 significantly and negatively impacted the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax). Although neither the stomatal conductance (gs) nor the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was decreased by E-O3, PN/gs was significantly reduced. Therefore, the observed reduction in PN in the present study should not be attributed to the unavailability of CO2 due to stomatal limitation, but rather to the O3-induced damage to Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the photochemical apparatus. This suggests that the down-regulation of stomatal conductance could fail to occur, and the biochemical processes in protoplasts would become more susceptible to injuries under long-term O3 exposure, which may have important consequences for forest carbon and water budget.
Plant Science, 2014
One-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were exposed to non-filtered ambient air (NF)... more One-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were exposed to non-filtered ambient air (NF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, NF+60 ppb) in open-top chambers for two years. E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence, as indicated by significant decreases in photosynthetic pigment contents with the elongation of O3 exposure. E-O3 significantly affected gas exchange and carboxylation, inducing reductions in light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat), the maximum activity of Rubisco (Vc,max) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). Chl a/b, Vc,max/Jmax and stomatal limitation (l) were not affected. Stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by E-O3 in the first year, but remained unchanged in the second year. It can be inferred that the decrease in Asat by E-O3 was mainly attributed to the changes in non-stomatal factors. After two years' exposure, E-O3 caused significant decreases in canopy photosynthesis and leaf mass per area, and a significant increase in the number of branches, but induced slight, not significant decreases in growth and biomass. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon accumulation of the species M. glyptostroboides could be negatively affected after long-term exposure to high O3 concentration.
Environmental Pollution, 2015
We synthesized the effects of ozone on wheat quality based on 42 experiments performed in Asia, E... more We synthesized the effects of ozone on wheat quality based on 42 experiments performed in Asia, Europe and North America. Data were analysed using meta-analysis and by deriving response functions between observed effects and daytime ozone concentration. There was a strong negative effect on 1000-grain weight and weaker but significant negative effects on starch concentration and volume weight. For protein and several nutritionally important minerals (K, Mg, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu) concentration was significantly increased, but yields were significantly decreased by ozone. For other minerals (Fe, S, Na) effects were not significant or results inconclusive. The concentration and yield of potentially toxic Cd were negatively affected by ozone. Some baking properties (Zeleny value, Hagberg falling number) were positively influenced by ozone. Effects were similar in different exposure systems and for spring and winter wheat. Ozone effects on quality should be considered in future assessments of food security/safety.
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006
Gas exchange characteristics, Pn-PAR and/or Pn-CO 2 response parameters of rape (Brassica napus L... more Gas exchange characteristics, Pn-PAR and/or Pn-CO 2 response parameters of rape (Brassica napus L) were studied in the field under different O 3 concentrations (CF, 50 nl·L -1 and 100 nl·L -1 ) and fumigation regimes (constant concentration and dynamic varying concentrations) with a portable photosynthetic system (CIRAS-1). Results indicated: (1) Relatively to CF, higher ozone concentration decreased in Tr and increased in WUE under a constant concentration fumigation regime. In addition, an increase in Tr and decreases in Pn, Gs and WUE were found in the dynamic ozone exposure regime; (2) In the constant concentration exposure regimes, AQY, LSP and P max were markedly reduced and Rp and Г were enhanced with an increase in ozone concentration (100 nl·L -1 ).
Atmospheric Environment, 2009
Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of rising ozone concentrations (... more Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of rising ozone concentrations ([O 3 ]) on yield and yield components of major food crops: potato, barley, wheat, rice, bean and soybean in 406 experimental observations. Yield loss of the crops under current and future [O 3 ] was expressed relative to the yield under base [O 3 ] ( 26 ppb). With potato, current [O 3 ] (31-50 ppb) reduced the yield by 5.3%, and it reduced the yield of barley, wheat and rice by 8.9%, 9.7% and 17.5%, respectively. In bean and soybean, the yield losses were 19.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Compared with yield loss at current [O 3 ], future [O 3 ] (51-75 ppb) drove a further 10% loss in yield of soybean, wheat and rice, and 20% loss in bean. Mass of individual grain, seed, or tuber was often the major cause of the yield loss at current and future [O 3 ], whereas other yield components also contributed to the yield loss in some cases. No significant difference was found between the responses in crops grown in pots and those in the ground for any yield parameters. The ameliorating effect of elevated [CO 2 ] was significant in the yields of wheat and potato, and the individual grain weight in wheat exposed to future [O 3 ]. These findings confirm the rising [O 3 ] as a threat to food security for the growing global population in this century.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 22, 2015
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the top environmental issues in China, especi... more Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the top environmental issues in China, especially in those economically vibrant and densely populated regions. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the O3 concentration observation and O3 effects on food crops throughout China. Data from 118 O3 monitoring sites reported in the literature show that the variability of O3 concentration is a function of geographic location. The impacts of O3 on food crops (wheat and rice) were studied at five sites, equipped with Open Top Chamber or O3-FACE (free-air O3 concentration enrichment) system. Based on exposure concentration and stomatal O3 flux-response relationships obtained from the O3-FACE experimental results in China, we found that throughout China current and future O3 levels induce wheat yield loss by 6.4-14.9% and 14.8-23.0% respectively. Some policies to reduce ozone pollution and impacts are suggested.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
The responses of CO2 assimilation to [CO2] (A/Ci) were investigated at two developmental stages (... more The responses of CO2 assimilation to [CO2] (A/Ci) were investigated at two developmental stages (R5 and R6) and in several soybean cultivars grown under two levels of CO2, the ambient level of 370 μbar versus the elevated level of 550 μbar. The A/Ci data were analyzed and compared by either the combined iterations or the separated iterations of the Rubisco-limited photosynthesis (Ac) and/or the RuBP-limited photosynthesis (Aj) using various curve-fitting methods: the linear 2-segment model; the non-rectangular hyperbola model; the rectangular hyperbola model; the constant rate of electron transport (J) method and the variable J method. Inconsistency was found among the various methods for the estimation of the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), the mitochondrial respiration rate in the light (Rd) and mesophyll conductance (gm). The analysis showed that the inconsistency was due to inconsistent estimates of gm values that decreased with an instantaneous increase in [CO2], and var...
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2009
This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on potted wheat roots and ... more This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on potted wheat roots and soil microbial community function. Three treatments were performed: (1) Air with daily averaged O3 concentration of 4–10 ppb (control situation, CK), (2) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 76.1 ppb (O3-1), and (3) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 118.8 ppb (O3-2). In treatments
Trees, 2011
The present study aims in investigating the individual and combined effects of ozone (O3) exposur... more The present study aims in investigating the individual and combined effects of ozone (O3) exposure and nitrogen (N) load on the growth and photosynthetic characters of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings, a dominant evergreen broadleaf tree species in sub-tropical regions. The seedlings were supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 30 and 60 kg ha−1 year−1 (simplified as N0, N30, N60, respectively) and were exposed to ambient O3 concentration (AA) or elevated [O3] (E-O3, AA +60 ppb) for one growth season. E-O3 induced significant negative effects on foliar photosynthesis, including lower photosynthetic rate, reduced carboxylation efficiency, quantum yield of PSII and photosynthetic pigment contents, despite no effect on growth. In contrast, N load acted as fertilization effects. Medium N (N30) increased photosynthetic pigments and stem-base diameter growth relative to N0, whereas high N load (N60) significantly enhanced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and dark and light action of photosynthesis of C. camphora seedlings. No significant interactive effects of O3 and N load on the growth, net photosynthetic rate and pigment contents of the seedlings were found, suggesting that N supply to the soil at ≤60 kg ha−1 year−1 does not significantly change the sensitivity of C. camphora to ozone.
Rural Eco-Environment
ABSTRACT
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
Studies on the effects of different concentrations of triadimefon on cucumber seedlings growth an... more Studies on the effects of different concentrations of triadimefon on cucumber seedlings growth and their resistance to chilling injury showed that 20-100 mumol.L-1 triadimefon inhibited the shoot or root length of cucumber seedlings, and increased their root weight or root/shoot ratio and chlorophyll content significantly. After at low temperature for 3 days, a higher chlorophyll content, lower membrane relative permeability and higher SOD activity were observed in the leaves of cucumber seedlings soaked with 10-50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon. 50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon could retard the accumulation of MDA at low temperature stress. It was also observed that 50 mumol.L-1 triadimefon enhanced the accumulation of praline at the first day of chilling treatment. However, higher concentrations(> 100 mumol.L-1) of triadimefon were unfavorable for cucumber seedlings to defense against low temperature. It was thus concluded that triadimefon protected the cucumber seedlings against low temperature.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant. Considerable ... more Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) possesses the characteristics of both microbe and plant. Considerable attention has been focused on the use of AM in the remediation of polluted soil, but AM could be poisoned by pollutants when exposed to polluted soil, and thus, the significance of its application might be reduced. Therefore, how to reduce the negative effects of pollutants on AM is an issue to be considered in remedying polluted soil by AM. This paper briefly reviewed the effects of different organic and inorganic pollutants on AM structure, formation and function, and discussed the possible mechanisms. Both organic and inorganic pollutants could have detrimental effects on AM structure, formation and function, such as low spore germination, colonization rate, and hyphal growth. Organic pollutants indirectly affect the activity of AM fungi through affecting the carbohydrates allocation from plant to the fungi, while heavy metals directly inhibited the activity of AM fungi.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.]
Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble protein and proline, as well as the ratio chlor... more Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble protein and proline, as well as the ratio chlorophyll a/b in detached cotyledons of cucumber were distinctly increased by treating with 20 mg/L triadimefon, which suggested that triadimefon can effectively retard the senescence of detached cotyledons in cucumber. Triadimefon could inhibit the increase of peroxide (POD) activity and H2O2 content in different degree. It was found that contents of chlorophyll and protein were markedly negative correlated with the activity of POD and with the content of H2O2 respectively during the senescence of cotyledons. These results indicated triadimefon inhibit the degradation of chlorophyll and protein in cucumber cotyledons through POD- H2O2 enzyme system.
Potted plants of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (AA), Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. (FC), Platanu... more Potted plants of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (AA), Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. (FC), Platanus orientalis L. (PO), and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) were exposed to enhanced ozone levels (NF+40, averaged O3 concentration of 69 nmol mol−1 from 09:00 to 18:00) in Open Top Chambers. These species are among the most common ornamental plants in streets, gardens and tree plantations in most Chinese cities, where ozone precursors such as NO2 are steadily increasing. Ozone induced visible injury in all species as well as microscopic alterations such as thickening of the cell walls, collapse of the palisade parenchyma cells, callose accumulation or chloroplast degradation. Ozone-induced symptoms were consistent with those observed the same year in the field in three of the species (AA, FC, RP; Feng et al., 2014, Environ. Pollut. 193:296-301). Ozone reduced the maximum activity of Rubisco (Vc,max) or the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) in PO and FC already in August, before any sign...
Environmental Pollution, 2015
ABSTRACT To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species an... more ABSTRACT To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species and broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf tree plant functional types (PFTs), phytotoxic O3 doses (PODy) were related to biomass reductions. PODy was calculated using a stomatal flux model with a range of cut-off thresholds (y) indicative of varying detoxification capacities. Linear regression analysis showed that DRR for PFT and individual tree species differed in their robustness. A simplified parameterisation of the flux model was tested and showed that for most non-Mediterranean tree species, this simplified model led to similarly robust DRR as compared to a species- and climate region-specific parameterisation. Experimentally induced soil water stress was not found to substantially reduce PODy, mainly due to the short duration of soil water stress periods. This study validates the stomatal O3 flux concept and represents a step forward in predicting O3 damage to forests in a spatially and temporally varying climate. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 2009
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2014
Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-i... more Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-induced visible injury in vegetation are very scarce. Visible injury was investigated on July and August 2013 in the main parks, forest and agricultural areas of Beijing. Ozone injury was widespread in the area, being observed in 28 different species. Symptoms were more frequent in rural areas and mountains from northern Beijing, downwind from the city, and less frequent in city gardens. Among crops, injury to different types of beans (genera Phaseolus, Canavalia and Vigna) was common, and it was also observed in watermelon, grape vine, and in gourds. Native species such as ailanthus, several pines and ash species were also symptomatic. The black locust, the rose of Sharon and the Japanese morning glory were among the injured ornamental plants. Target species for broader bio-monitoring surveys in temperate China have been identified.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
The response of leaf photosynthesis and metabolite profiles to ozone (O3) exposure ranging from 3... more The response of leaf photosynthesis and metabolite profiles to ozone (O3) exposure ranging from 37 to 116 ppb was investigated in two soybean cultivars Dwight and IA3010 in the field under fully open-air conditions. Leaf photosynthesis, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and total free amino acids (TAA) decreased linearly with increasing O3 levels in both cultivars with average decrease of 7% for an increase in O3 levels by 10 ppb. Ozone interacted with developmental stages and leaf ages, and caused higher damage at later reproductive stages and in older leaves. Ozone affected yield mainly via reduction of maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) as well as a shorter growing season due to earlier onset of canopy senescence. For all parameters investigated the critical O3 levels (∼50 ppb) for detectable damage fell within O3 levels that occur routinely in soybean fields across the US and elsewhere in the world. Strong correlat...
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.], 2011
One-year-old Ilex integra seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) and elevated ozone (E-... more One-year-old Ilex integra seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, approximately 150 microL x L(-1)) for 84 days in six open-top chambers. Visible injury, growth parameters, pigments content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant system were investigated during the growing season. At the end of experiment, foliage showed remarkable visible symptoms with dark-brown necrotic spots and patches which were concaved on the upper surface of the current-year leaves. Although relative height and diameter increment, total biomass and specific leaf weight (SLW) remained unaffected, E-O3 significantly decreased the percentage of stem biomass in total biomass. E-O3 induced significant decrease in net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a/b ratio and total phenolic compound content by 19%, 9% and 36%, respectively. However, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, pigment contents, MDA contents,...
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
Nine soybean cultivars widely cultivated in Northeast China were investigated in present study to... more Nine soybean cultivars widely cultivated in Northeast China were investigated in present study to assess their O3 sensitivities on the basis of the response of photosynthesis and seed yield to ambient and future ozone (O3) concentrations, and determine whether the effects of O3 vary with the developmental stages (flowering and seed filling stages). Relative to charcoal-filtered air (CF), elevated O3 concentration (E-O3, ambient air+40 ppb) significantly reduced soybean yields by 40%, with a range of 32-46% among cultivars. E-O3 also induced significant decreases in pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence at both flowering and seed filling stages in most cultivars. Except net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (gs) at seed filling stage, all variables showed no significant interaction between O3 and cultivar, suggesting that all tested cultivars had similar sensitivities to O3. The responses of seed N content to E-O3 differed among cultivars...
PLoS ONE, 2014
Ozone (O3) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant for global forests, with decreased photosynthesis... more Ozone (O3) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant for global forests, with decreased photosynthesis widely regarded as one of its most common effects. However, controversy exists concerning the mechanism that underlies the depressing effects of O3 on CO2 assimilation. In the present study, seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora, a subtropical evergreen tree species that has rarely been studied, were exposed to ambient air (AA), ambient air plus 60 [ppb] O3 (AA+60), or ambient air plus 120 [ppb] O3 (AA+120) in open-top chambers (OTCs) for 2 years. Photosynthetic CO2 exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated in the second growing season (2010). We aim to determine whether stomatal or non-stomatal limitation is responsible for the photosynthesis reduction and to explore the potential implications for forest ecosystem functions. Results indicate that elevated O3 (E-O3) reduced the net photosynthetic rates (PN) by 6.0-32.2%, with significant differences between AA+60 and AA+120 and across the four measurement campaigns (MCs). The actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in saturated light (Fv'/Fm') was also significantly decreased by E-O3, as was the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). Moreover, E-O3 significantly and negatively impacted the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax). Although neither the stomatal conductance (gs) nor the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was decreased by E-O3, PN/gs was significantly reduced. Therefore, the observed reduction in PN in the present study should not be attributed to the unavailability of CO2 due to stomatal limitation, but rather to the O3-induced damage to Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the photochemical apparatus. This suggests that the down-regulation of stomatal conductance could fail to occur, and the biochemical processes in protoplasts would become more susceptible to injuries under long-term O3 exposure, which may have important consequences for forest carbon and water budget.
Plant Science, 2014
One-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were exposed to non-filtered ambient air (NF)... more One-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were exposed to non-filtered ambient air (NF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, NF+60 ppb) in open-top chambers for two years. E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence, as indicated by significant decreases in photosynthetic pigment contents with the elongation of O3 exposure. E-O3 significantly affected gas exchange and carboxylation, inducing reductions in light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat), the maximum activity of Rubisco (Vc,max) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). Chl a/b, Vc,max/Jmax and stomatal limitation (l) were not affected. Stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by E-O3 in the first year, but remained unchanged in the second year. It can be inferred that the decrease in Asat by E-O3 was mainly attributed to the changes in non-stomatal factors. After two years' exposure, E-O3 caused significant decreases in canopy photosynthesis and leaf mass per area, and a significant increase in the number of branches, but induced slight, not significant decreases in growth and biomass. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon accumulation of the species M. glyptostroboides could be negatively affected after long-term exposure to high O3 concentration.
Environmental Pollution, 2015
We synthesized the effects of ozone on wheat quality based on 42 experiments performed in Asia, E... more We synthesized the effects of ozone on wheat quality based on 42 experiments performed in Asia, Europe and North America. Data were analysed using meta-analysis and by deriving response functions between observed effects and daytime ozone concentration. There was a strong negative effect on 1000-grain weight and weaker but significant negative effects on starch concentration and volume weight. For protein and several nutritionally important minerals (K, Mg, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu) concentration was significantly increased, but yields were significantly decreased by ozone. For other minerals (Fe, S, Na) effects were not significant or results inconclusive. The concentration and yield of potentially toxic Cd were negatively affected by ozone. Some baking properties (Zeleny value, Hagberg falling number) were positively influenced by ozone. Effects were similar in different exposure systems and for spring and winter wheat. Ozone effects on quality should be considered in future assessments of food security/safety.
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006
Gas exchange characteristics, Pn-PAR and/or Pn-CO 2 response parameters of rape (Brassica napus L... more Gas exchange characteristics, Pn-PAR and/or Pn-CO 2 response parameters of rape (Brassica napus L) were studied in the field under different O 3 concentrations (CF, 50 nl·L -1 and 100 nl·L -1 ) and fumigation regimes (constant concentration and dynamic varying concentrations) with a portable photosynthetic system (CIRAS-1). Results indicated: (1) Relatively to CF, higher ozone concentration decreased in Tr and increased in WUE under a constant concentration fumigation regime. In addition, an increase in Tr and decreases in Pn, Gs and WUE were found in the dynamic ozone exposure regime; (2) In the constant concentration exposure regimes, AQY, LSP and P max were markedly reduced and Rp and Г were enhanced with an increase in ozone concentration (100 nl·L -1 ).
Atmospheric Environment, 2009
Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of rising ozone concentrations (... more Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of rising ozone concentrations ([O 3 ]) on yield and yield components of major food crops: potato, barley, wheat, rice, bean and soybean in 406 experimental observations. Yield loss of the crops under current and future [O 3 ] was expressed relative to the yield under base [O 3 ] ( 26 ppb). With potato, current [O 3 ] (31-50 ppb) reduced the yield by 5.3%, and it reduced the yield of barley, wheat and rice by 8.9%, 9.7% and 17.5%, respectively. In bean and soybean, the yield losses were 19.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Compared with yield loss at current [O 3 ], future [O 3 ] (51-75 ppb) drove a further 10% loss in yield of soybean, wheat and rice, and 20% loss in bean. Mass of individual grain, seed, or tuber was often the major cause of the yield loss at current and future [O 3 ], whereas other yield components also contributed to the yield loss in some cases. No significant difference was found between the responses in crops grown in pots and those in the ground for any yield parameters. The ameliorating effect of elevated [CO 2 ] was significant in the yields of wheat and potato, and the individual grain weight in wheat exposed to future [O 3 ]. These findings confirm the rising [O 3 ] as a threat to food security for the growing global population in this century.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 22, 2015
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the top environmental issues in China, especi... more Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has become one of the top environmental issues in China, especially in those economically vibrant and densely populated regions. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the O3 concentration observation and O3 effects on food crops throughout China. Data from 118 O3 monitoring sites reported in the literature show that the variability of O3 concentration is a function of geographic location. The impacts of O3 on food crops (wheat and rice) were studied at five sites, equipped with Open Top Chamber or O3-FACE (free-air O3 concentration enrichment) system. Based on exposure concentration and stomatal O3 flux-response relationships obtained from the O3-FACE experimental results in China, we found that throughout China current and future O3 levels induce wheat yield loss by 6.4-14.9% and 14.8-23.0% respectively. Some policies to reduce ozone pollution and impacts are suggested.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology, 2014
The responses of CO2 assimilation to [CO2] (A/Ci) were investigated at two developmental stages (... more The responses of CO2 assimilation to [CO2] (A/Ci) were investigated at two developmental stages (R5 and R6) and in several soybean cultivars grown under two levels of CO2, the ambient level of 370 μbar versus the elevated level of 550 μbar. The A/Ci data were analyzed and compared by either the combined iterations or the separated iterations of the Rubisco-limited photosynthesis (Ac) and/or the RuBP-limited photosynthesis (Aj) using various curve-fitting methods: the linear 2-segment model; the non-rectangular hyperbola model; the rectangular hyperbola model; the constant rate of electron transport (J) method and the variable J method. Inconsistency was found among the various methods for the estimation of the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), the mitochondrial respiration rate in the light (Rd) and mesophyll conductance (gm). The analysis showed that the inconsistency was due to inconsistent estimates of gm values that decreased with an instantaneous increase in [CO2], and var...
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2009
This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on potted wheat roots and ... more This study was initiated to explore the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on potted wheat roots and soil microbial community function. Three treatments were performed: (1) Air with daily averaged O3 concentration of 4–10 ppb (control situation, CK), (2) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 76.1 ppb (O3-1), and (3) Air plus 8 h averaged O3 concentration of 118.8 ppb (O3-2). In treatments
Trees, 2011
The present study aims in investigating the individual and combined effects of ozone (O3) exposur... more The present study aims in investigating the individual and combined effects of ozone (O3) exposure and nitrogen (N) load on the growth and photosynthetic characters of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings, a dominant evergreen broadleaf tree species in sub-tropical regions. The seedlings were supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 30 and 60 kg ha−1 year−1 (simplified as N0, N30, N60, respectively) and were exposed to ambient O3 concentration (AA) or elevated [O3] (E-O3, AA +60 ppb) for one growth season. E-O3 induced significant negative effects on foliar photosynthesis, including lower photosynthetic rate, reduced carboxylation efficiency, quantum yield of PSII and photosynthetic pigment contents, despite no effect on growth. In contrast, N load acted as fertilization effects. Medium N (N30) increased photosynthetic pigments and stem-base diameter growth relative to N0, whereas high N load (N60) significantly enhanced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and dark and light action of photosynthesis of C. camphora seedlings. No significant interactive effects of O3 and N load on the growth, net photosynthetic rate and pigment contents of the seedlings were found, suggesting that N supply to the soil at ≤60 kg ha−1 year−1 does not significantly change the sensitivity of C. camphora to ozone.