Zoran N. Milivojević - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Zoran N. Milivojević

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2022

In this paper, the effect of the protan recoloring algorithm on an image with an inserted waterma... more In this paper, the effect of the protan recoloring algorithm on an image with an inserted watermark is analyzed. In addition, the effect of degradation of the quality of the recolored image due to the insertion of watermarks and superimposed AWGN was also analyzed. In the first part of the paper, the effect of color vision deficiency, as a consequence of anomalies in L cones, which is designated as protanomaly (protanopia), is described. People with protanopia do not see a wide range of colors because the colors from the L channel are missing. After that, the recoloring algorithm, which performs recoloring of the image, so that, in protan persons, the visible spectrum of colors is expanded, is described. Then, the algorithm for inserting a watermark, in order to protect copyrights, is described. In the second part of the work, the Experiment, in which the quality of the recoloring image was tested, as well as the quality of the extracted watermark, was described. The results of the experiment are shown with pictures and tables. By applying a comparative analysis of the results of the experiment, using objective (MSE, PSNR, NC and SSIM) and subjective (visual inspection) methods, the insertion factor of the watermark, α, which preserves the quality of the recoloring image as well as the quality of the extracted watermark, was determined. Visual inspection determined the SNR at which visible image degradation and watermarks occur.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2021

In the first part of this paper a Variable rate sampling, algorithm for prediction has been descr... more In the first part of this paper a Variable rate sampling, algorithm for prediction has been described. Variable rate sampling systems were used for reducing power demand, by reducing the number of sent samples. In the second part is performed an experiment where is tested algorithm for prediction of data for transmission and transmitted data. For the purpose of this analyze transmission and predictions are performed for temperatures, air pressure, wind speed, and visibility. Prediction on the side of the transmission is performed using three different extrapolations (mam, mab, and ng). At the receiving side reconstruction of the received signal is performed applying Linear, Cubic, Makima, and Spline extrapolations, built into Matlab. A simple reconstruction is also performed, using the last known value for prediction the next value (this prediction is in the paper named Step extrapolation). Objective quality measures SR (correlation coefficient of reducing the number of samples between a number of measured and transmitted samples), and MAE (mean absolute error between the measured and predicted values of temperatures, pressures and visibility values) were calculated. The results are presented in the table and graphically.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2021

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Acoustical Science and Technology, 2001

Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Mar 1, 2024

In the presented study, an algorithm is analized to esttimate speakers' emotions using speech ana... more In the presented study, an algorithm is analized to esttimate speakers' emotions using speech analysis techniques. The primary focus of the algorithm involves analyzing the trajectory of the fundamental frequency F0(t) to accurately determine a range of emotional states. This investigation includes a comprehensive analysis conducted within planes (F0,  2) and (F0, T). During the initial training phase, a clear decision criterion is established to differentiate between emotional states. This criterion is defined based on the analysis of test signals and is positioned within the designated planes. The performance evaluation of the algorithm is executed during the testing phase, utilizing a confusion matrix. This evaluation allows for a precise assessment of the algorithm's capability to detect emotional states. Furthermore, a comparative study is undertaken, comparing outcomes related to the identification of various emotional states such as Normal/Anger, Normal/Boredom, and Normal/Anxiety. To provide a comprehensive presentation of the algorithm's effectiveness in identifying emotional states, the results are presented in tabulles and graphs.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 2021

The first part of this paper describes an algorithm for estimating the fundamental frequency F0 o... more The first part of this paper describes an algorithm for estimating the fundamental frequency F0 of a speech signal, using an autocorrelation algorithm. After that, it was shown that, due to the discrete structure of the autocorrelation function, the accuracy of the fundamental frequency estimate largely depends on the sampling period TS. Then, in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation, an interpolation of the correlation function is performed. Interpolation is performed using a one parameter (1P) Keys interpolation kernel. The second part of the paper presents an experiment in which the optimization of the 1P Keys kernel parameter was performed. The experiment was performed on test Sine and Speech signals, in the conditions of ambient disturbances (N8 Babble noise, SNR = 5 to -10 dB). MSE was used as a measure of the accuracy of the fundamental frequency estimate. Kernel parameter optimization was performed on the basis of the MSE minimum. The results are presented graphic...

International journal of innovative research in advanced engineering, Nov 30, 2021

The first part of the paper describes the parameterization of the fifth-degree polynomial convolu... more The first part of the paper describes the parameterization of the fifth-degree polynomial convolutional interpolation kernel. In this way, a two-parameter interpolation kernel is created. The second part of the paper describes an experiment in which the interpolation of some test images, using the one-parameter and the proposed two-parameter kernel, is performed. Some standard Test images, which are frequently used in digital image processing, were used in the experiment. Interpolation errors were determined using MSE. After that, the results of the experiment are presented using graphs and tables. Finally, a detailed comparative analysis, which shows the higher precision of the interpolation with the proposed two-parameter fifth-degree interpolation kernel, is presented.

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolat... more In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolation convolution kernels, are described. In the second part of the paper an Experiment is described. The precision of the image interpolation was tested. Interpolation of the Test images from the base, using interpolation kernels, were performed. The precision of the interpolation kernels was measured using the mean squared error (MSE). Next, optimum kernel parameter, α, were determined by minimizing MSE. After that, a comparative analysis of the minimum MSE values, for the fifth and seventh order polynomial kernels, was performed. The results are presented tabularly and graphically.

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm... more In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm, the images are recolored, so that they are suitable for use by protan CVD people. In the first part, a trichromatic anomaly of the protanomaly type is described. After that, the protan CVD algorithm is described. The second part of the paper describes the Experiment in which the effectiveness of the CVD algorithm was tested. The CVD algorithm was applied to images from the Ishihara color blindness test database, which were purposely formed to detect protan CVD persons. The results of the Experiment are shown using images and numerical values of the average chromatic difference between every two pixels of the image. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results using objective (analysis of chromatic differences) and subjective (visual inspection of the image) methods is presented. Based on the analysis, an evaluation of the efficiency of the protan CVD algorithm was given.

South Florida Journal of Development

The paper describes inharmonicity of musical instruments with strings. In the first part an algor... more The paper describes inharmonicity of musical instruments with strings. In the first part an algorithm for determination of coefficient of inharmonicity is shown, as well as algorithm for inharmonicity estimation and estimation of mean aliquote error of two-tone. In the second part paper shows results of algorithm’s application in signal processing of tones in contra octave of upright piano “August Förster” manufactured in the year 1970. The results are given in graphics and in tables. An estimation of inharmonicity and medium aliquote error is given by comparative analysis made with Steinway pianos and Nordiska 1 and Straud upright pianos.

2023 27th International Conference on Information Technology (IT)

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation... more In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation in the Serbian Orthodox Church of "St. Prokopius" in Katun. The first part of the paper explains the experiment based on the process of recording acoustic impulse responses and determines the value of the early reverberation time EDT and the reverberation time RT10, RT20, and RT30 at the central frequencies fc = {125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000} Hz using ARTA software package. The experiment results (tabular and graphical) obtained by statistical analysis using the Matlab software package are also presented. In the second part of the paper, the results of the experiment analysis were carried out. By comparing them, it was concluded which acoustic parameter is representative of the state of reverberation in the analyses of the Serbian Orthodox church.

KNOWLEDGE - International Journal

In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm... more In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm, theimages are recolored, so that they are suitable for use by protan CVD people. In the first part, a trichromaticanomaly of the protanomaly type is described. After that, the protan CVD algorithm is described. The second part ofthe paper describes the Experiment in which the effectiveness of the CVD algorithm was tested. The CVD algorithmwas applied to images from the Ishihara color blindness test database, which were purposely formed to detect protanCVD persons. The results of the Experiment are shown using images and numerical values of the average chromaticdifference between every two pixels of the image. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results using objective(analysis of chromatic differences) and subjective (visual inspection of the image) methods is presented. Based onthe analysis, an evaluation of the efficiency of the protan CVD algorithm was given.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering

This paper presents the estimation of speech intelligibility in unoccupied and occupied Orthodox ... more This paper presents the estimation of speech intelligibility in unoccupied and occupied Orthodox churches "Saint George" in Žitnipotok and "Holy Great Martyr Prokopija" in Katun, Serbia, based on a comparative analysis of objective acoustic parameters: reverberation time, RT30, and speech transmission index STI,and subjective acoustic parameters: subjective intelligibility of sentences, SIsent, PB words, SIPB, and CVC logotoms, SICVC. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed a strong relationship between the analyzed acoustic parameters of speech intelligibility and reverberation time. The estimation of the quality of speech intelligibility in churches was carried out using Standard IEC 60268 - 16.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2022

In this paper, the effect of the protan recoloring algorithm on an image with an inserted waterma... more In this paper, the effect of the protan recoloring algorithm on an image with an inserted watermark is analyzed. In addition, the effect of degradation of the quality of the recolored image due to the insertion of watermarks and superimposed AWGN was also analyzed. In the first part of the paper, the effect of color vision deficiency, as a consequence of anomalies in L cones, which is designated as protanomaly (protanopia), is described. People with protanopia do not see a wide range of colors because the colors from the L channel are missing. After that, the recoloring algorithm, which performs recoloring of the image, so that, in protan persons, the visible spectrum of colors is expanded, is described. Then, the algorithm for inserting a watermark, in order to protect copyrights, is described. In the second part of the work, the Experiment, in which the quality of the recoloring image was tested, as well as the quality of the extracted watermark, was described. The results of the experiment are shown with pictures and tables. By applying a comparative analysis of the results of the experiment, using objective (MSE, PSNR, NC and SSIM) and subjective (visual inspection) methods, the insertion factor of the watermark, α, which preserves the quality of the recoloring image as well as the quality of the extracted watermark, was determined. Visual inspection determined the SNR at which visible image degradation and watermarks occur.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2021

In the first part of this paper a Variable rate sampling, algorithm for prediction has been descr... more In the first part of this paper a Variable rate sampling, algorithm for prediction has been described. Variable rate sampling systems were used for reducing power demand, by reducing the number of sent samples. In the second part is performed an experiment where is tested algorithm for prediction of data for transmission and transmitted data. For the purpose of this analyze transmission and predictions are performed for temperatures, air pressure, wind speed, and visibility. Prediction on the side of the transmission is performed using three different extrapolations (mam, mab, and ng). At the receiving side reconstruction of the received signal is performed applying Linear, Cubic, Makima, and Spline extrapolations, built into Matlab. A simple reconstruction is also performed, using the last known value for prediction the next value (this prediction is in the paper named Step extrapolation). Objective quality measures SR (correlation coefficient of reducing the number of samples between a number of measured and transmitted samples), and MAE (mean absolute error between the measured and predicted values of temperatures, pressures and visibility values) were calculated. The results are presented in the table and graphically.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, Dec 31, 2021

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Acoustical Science and Technology, 2001

Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Mar 1, 2024

In the presented study, an algorithm is analized to esttimate speakers' emotions using speech ana... more In the presented study, an algorithm is analized to esttimate speakers' emotions using speech analysis techniques. The primary focus of the algorithm involves analyzing the trajectory of the fundamental frequency F0(t) to accurately determine a range of emotional states. This investigation includes a comprehensive analysis conducted within planes (F0,  2) and (F0, T). During the initial training phase, a clear decision criterion is established to differentiate between emotional states. This criterion is defined based on the analysis of test signals and is positioned within the designated planes. The performance evaluation of the algorithm is executed during the testing phase, utilizing a confusion matrix. This evaluation allows for a precise assessment of the algorithm's capability to detect emotional states. Furthermore, a comparative study is undertaken, comparing outcomes related to the identification of various emotional states such as Normal/Anger, Normal/Boredom, and Normal/Anxiety. To provide a comprehensive presentation of the algorithm's effectiveness in identifying emotional states, the results are presented in tabulles and graphs.

The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 2021

The first part of this paper describes an algorithm for estimating the fundamental frequency F0 o... more The first part of this paper describes an algorithm for estimating the fundamental frequency F0 of a speech signal, using an autocorrelation algorithm. After that, it was shown that, due to the discrete structure of the autocorrelation function, the accuracy of the fundamental frequency estimate largely depends on the sampling period TS. Then, in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation, an interpolation of the correlation function is performed. Interpolation is performed using a one parameter (1P) Keys interpolation kernel. The second part of the paper presents an experiment in which the optimization of the 1P Keys kernel parameter was performed. The experiment was performed on test Sine and Speech signals, in the conditions of ambient disturbances (N8 Babble noise, SNR = 5 to -10 dB). MSE was used as a measure of the accuracy of the fundamental frequency estimate. Kernel parameter optimization was performed on the basis of the MSE minimum. The results are presented graphic...

International journal of innovative research in advanced engineering, Nov 30, 2021

The first part of the paper describes the parameterization of the fifth-degree polynomial convolu... more The first part of the paper describes the parameterization of the fifth-degree polynomial convolutional interpolation kernel. In this way, a two-parameter interpolation kernel is created. The second part of the paper describes an experiment in which the interpolation of some test images, using the one-parameter and the proposed two-parameter kernel, is performed. Some standard Test images, which are frequently used in digital image processing, were used in the experiment. Interpolation errors were determined using MSE. After that, the results of the experiment are presented using graphs and tables. Finally, a detailed comparative analysis, which shows the higher precision of the interpolation with the proposed two-parameter fifth-degree interpolation kernel, is presented.

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolat... more In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolation convolution kernels, are described. In the second part of the paper an Experiment is described. The precision of the image interpolation was tested. Interpolation of the Test images from the base, using interpolation kernels, were performed. The precision of the interpolation kernels was measured using the mean squared error (MSE). Next, optimum kernel parameter, α, were determined by minimizing MSE. After that, a comparative analysis of the minimum MSE values, for the fifth and seventh order polynomial kernels, was performed. The results are presented tabularly and graphically.

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm... more In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm, the images are recolored, so that they are suitable for use by protan CVD people. In the first part, a trichromatic anomaly of the protanomaly type is described. After that, the protan CVD algorithm is described. The second part of the paper describes the Experiment in which the effectiveness of the CVD algorithm was tested. The CVD algorithm was applied to images from the Ishihara color blindness test database, which were purposely formed to detect protan CVD persons. The results of the Experiment are shown using images and numerical values of the average chromatic difference between every two pixels of the image. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results using objective (analysis of chromatic differences) and subjective (visual inspection of the image) methods is presented. Based on the analysis, an evaluation of the efficiency of the protan CVD algorithm was given.

South Florida Journal of Development

The paper describes inharmonicity of musical instruments with strings. In the first part an algor... more The paper describes inharmonicity of musical instruments with strings. In the first part an algorithm for determination of coefficient of inharmonicity is shown, as well as algorithm for inharmonicity estimation and estimation of mean aliquote error of two-tone. In the second part paper shows results of algorithm’s application in signal processing of tones in contra octave of upright piano “August Förster” manufactured in the year 1970. The results are given in graphics and in tables. An estimation of inharmonicity and medium aliquote error is given by comparative analysis made with Steinway pianos and Nordiska 1 and Straud upright pianos.

2023 27th International Conference on Information Technology (IT)

Knowledge, Sep 30, 2022

In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation... more In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation in the Serbian Orthodox Church of "St. Prokopius" in Katun. The first part of the paper explains the experiment based on the process of recording acoustic impulse responses and determines the value of the early reverberation time EDT and the reverberation time RT10, RT20, and RT30 at the central frequencies fc = {125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000} Hz using ARTA software package. The experiment results (tabular and graphical) obtained by statistical analysis using the Matlab software package are also presented. In the second part of the paper, the results of the experiment analysis were carried out. By comparing them, it was concluded which acoustic parameter is representative of the state of reverberation in the analyses of the Serbian Orthodox church.

KNOWLEDGE - International Journal

In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm... more In this paper, the effect of the protan CVD algorithm is analyzed. Using the protan CVD algorithm, theimages are recolored, so that they are suitable for use by protan CVD people. In the first part, a trichromaticanomaly of the protanomaly type is described. After that, the protan CVD algorithm is described. The second part ofthe paper describes the Experiment in which the effectiveness of the CVD algorithm was tested. The CVD algorithmwas applied to images from the Ishihara color blindness test database, which were purposely formed to detect protanCVD persons. The results of the Experiment are shown using images and numerical values of the average chromaticdifference between every two pixels of the image. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results using objective(analysis of chromatic differences) and subjective (visual inspection of the image) methods is presented. Based onthe analysis, an evaluation of the efficiency of the protan CVD algorithm was given.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering

This paper presents the estimation of speech intelligibility in unoccupied and occupied Orthodox ... more This paper presents the estimation of speech intelligibility in unoccupied and occupied Orthodox churches "Saint George" in Žitnipotok and "Holy Great Martyr Prokopija" in Katun, Serbia, based on a comparative analysis of objective acoustic parameters: reverberation time, RT30, and speech transmission index STI,and subjective acoustic parameters: subjective intelligibility of sentences, SIsent, PB words, SIPB, and CVC logotoms, SICVC. Correlation and regression analysis confirmed a strong relationship between the analyzed acoustic parameters of speech intelligibility and reverberation time. The estimation of the quality of speech intelligibility in churches was carried out using Standard IEC 60268 - 16.