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Papers by Zoya Huschtscha

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of a high-protein dairy milk bevera... more The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of a high-protein dairy milk beverage on outcomes related to sarcopenia in a cohort of active older adults. Results showed that the addition of protein in the form of a high-protein dairy milk with progressive resistance training, was associated with a greater increase in strength following a 12-week intervention trial. The studies within this thesis collectively emphasised the complex nature of ageing and the many cofounding variables (e.g., age, training status, biological sex, and protein intake) that should be considered in the active ageing population in future research.

Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength an... more Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/performance in active older adults. Methods: Fifty-four active older adults were grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥60 years), exercise volume (low: <150min/week, moderate: >150-299min/week, and high: >300min/week), protein intake (low: <0.8g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥0.8-1.19g/kgBM, and high: ≥1.2g/kgBM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual x-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general tness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a one-way ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalent) was applied to assess group differences. Results: The middle-aged group had a 13%, 17%, and 12% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older aged group (P<0.05). Participants that reported moderate and high training volumes had lower body fat mass compared to those that reported lower training volumes (26.1%, 25.1%, and 35.6%, respectively; P<0.001). Similarly, higher leg press (22% and 27%) and chest press (22% and 23%) was observed with moderate and high training volumes compared with lower. Higher protein intakes were associated with signi cantly less body fat mass (P=0.019), higher leg strength (P=0.038) and relative power (W/kg) (P=0.048) compared to the moderate and low protein intake groups. Signi cant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes expect for gait speed (P=0.611) and cardiorespiratory tness (P=0.147). Conclusion: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory tness in a cohort of active older adults.

Frontiers in Nutrition

The study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of consuming a high-protein d... more The study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of consuming a high-protein dairy milk beverage, twice daily, with or without a progressive resistance training (PRT) program on outcomes of age-related sarcopenia, in healthy active older (≥50 years) adults. In this 12-week, 2 × 2 factorial study, participants were randomly allocated into one of four groups: dairy milk beverage (DM), exercise and dairy milk beverage (EX+DM), exercise alone (EX), and control (CON). The EX group underwent a 12-week whole-body PRT schedule (three sessions/week) and a high-protein dairy milk beverage (DM) was consumed twice daily (30 g protein/day). At weeks 0, 6, and 12, body composition (iDXA), strength [one-repetition maximum (1RM): leg press, chest press, lateral (lat) pull-down, and handgrip], power (countermovement jump), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2), and physical performance (gait speed) were measured. Before measurements, blood samples were collected to determine the immune ...

Sports Medicine - Open, May 17, 2021

Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength an... more Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/ performance in active older adults. Fifty-four active older adults were recruited from this trial and grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥ 60 years), exercise volume (low: ≥ 90-149 min/week, moderate: ≥ 150-299 min/week, and high: ≥ 300 min/week), protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥ 0.8-1.19g /kg BM, and high: ≥ 1.2 g/kg BM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a general linear model (ANCOVA) or an independent t test was used to determine between group differences. Results: Fifty three of the total participants' data were analysed. The middle-aged group had 18%, 11%, and 10% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older-aged group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between different levels of training volume and any of the outcomes. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (p = .005) and a trend towards a higher leg press (p = .053) and higher relative power (W/kg) (p = .056) compared with the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes except for gait speed (p = .611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .147). Conclusions: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

The study aimed to determine the impact of a dairy milk recovery beverage immediately after endur... more The study aimed to determine the impact of a dairy milk recovery beverage immediately after endurance exercise on leukocyte trafficking, neutrophil function, and gastrointestinal tolerance markers during recovery. Male runners (N = 11) completed two feeding trials in randomized order, after 2 hr of running at 70% , fluid restricted, in temperate conditions (25 °C, 43% relative humidity). Immediately postexercise, the participants received a chocolate-flavored dairy milk beverage equating to 1.2 g/kg body mass carbohydrate and 0.4 g/kg body mass protein in one trial, and water volume equivalent in another trial. Venous blood and breath samples were collected preexercise, postexercise, and during recovery to determine the leukocyte counts, plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein, and cortisol concentrations, as well as breath H2. In addition, 1,000 µl of whole blood was incubated with 1 μg/ml Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide for 1 hr at 37 °C to determine the stimulated plasma...

Frontiers in Nutrition

Sports Medicine - Open, May 17, 2021

Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength an... more Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/ performance in active older adults. Fifty-four active older adults were recruited from this trial and grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥ 60 years), exercise volume (low: ≥ 90-149 min/week, moderate: ≥ 150-299 min/week, and high: ≥ 300 min/week), protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥ 0.8-1.19g /kg BM, and high: ≥ 1.2 g/kg BM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a general linear model (ANCOVA) or an independent t test was used to determine between group differences. Results: Fifty three of the total participants' data were analysed. The middle-aged group had 18%, 11%, and 10% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older-aged group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between different levels of training volume and any of the outcomes. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (p = .005) and a trend towards a higher leg press (p = .053) and higher relative power (W/kg) (p = .056) compared with the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes except for gait speed (p = .611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .147). Conclusions: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism