Zulqarnain Bakar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Zulqarnain Bakar
The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
At the time where electronic books, or e-Books, offer students a fun way of learning , teachers w... more At the time where electronic books, or e-Books, offer students a fun way of learning , teachers who are used to the paper text books may find it as a new challenge to use it as a part of learning process. Precisely, there are various types of e-Books available to suit students- knowledge, characteristics, abilities, and interests. The paper discusses teachers- perceptions on the use of ebooks as a paper text book in the classroom. A survey was conducted on 72 teachers who use e-books as textbooks. It was discovered that a majority of these teachers had good perceptions on the use of ebooks. However, they had little problems using the devices. It can be overcome with some strategies and a suggested framework.
The element of justice or al-'adl in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the ... more The element of justice or al-'adl in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the notion of justice in a thinking process which critically rationalizes the truth in a fair and objective manner with no irrelevant interference that can jeopardize a sound judgment. This Islamic axiological element is vital in technological decision making as it addresses the issues of religious values and ethics that are primarily set to fulfill the purpose of human life on earth. The main objective of this study was to examine and analyze the perception of Muslim engineering students in Malaysian higher education institutions towards the concept of al-'adl as an essential element of Islamic critical thinking. The study employed mixed methods approach that comprises data collection from the questionnaire survey and the interview responses. A total of 557 Muslim engineering undergraduates from six Malaysian universities participated in the study. The study generally indicated that Mus...
This paper describes a research project on Year 3 primary school students in Malaysia in their us... more This paper describes a research project on Year 3 primary school students in Malaysia in their use of computer-based video game to enhance learning of multiplication facts (tables) in the Mathematics subject. This study attempts to investigate whether video games could actually contribute to positive effect on children-s learning or otherwise. In conducting this study, the researchers assume a neutral stand in the investigation as an unbiased outcome of the study would render reliable response to the impact of video games in education which would contribute to the literature of technology-based education as well as impact to the pedagogical aspect of formal education. In order to conduct the study, a subject (Mathematics) with a specific topic area in the subject (multiplication facts) is chosen. The study adopts a causal-comparative research to investigate the impact of the inclusion of a computer-based video game designed to teach multiplication facts to primary level students. Sa...
Salary is a big portion of zakat collection in Malaysia today, it contributes almost 70 percent o... more Salary is a big portion of zakat collection in Malaysia today, it contributes almost 70 percent of total collection of zakat institutions yearly, the issue of zakat on salary has been discussed by scholars since the those days of sahabah and tabi’in until today. Among the issues are hawl, nisab and al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah. For the case of al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah the practice of zakat institution in Malaysia is to directly convert the exempted amount of personal, spouse and children, which is performed by Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), the practice has raised a question among scholars, they argue whether the exempted amounts are exactly representing the costs of al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah which are required by shariah. This paper aims to explore the perception of shariah on al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah with the specific items which has been discussed in classical fiqh and investigate the suitable items which is currently customized in daily life. The study applied a library research methodol...
2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), 2017
This paper shares an innovative approach of using mind map to support active leaning for electric... more This paper shares an innovative approach of using mind map to support active leaning for electrical & electronics engineering students. It is also aimed at exploring students' experiences in using mind maps. In this study, 80 students were asked to respond to 2 online surveys; one, prior to the mind map activity and the other after. The findings for the survey prior to the mind map activity showed that, majority of the students are familiar with mind map and are aware that mind map does help them to learn and that most are willing to put in some effort to use mind map for learning purposes. The second survey's findings showed that even though some respondents have pessimistic attitude, generally the response have been positive and well received and some students ask for more guidance and training to be able to master the mind map learning technique.
2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), 2017
The foundation of Engineering and Technology students at UTP are required to register for Basic E... more The foundation of Engineering and Technology students at UTP are required to register for Basic English classes I and II. Even though they have been exposed to the language for a substantial period of time, majority of them are still lacking in their ability to apply the appropriate use of the language in writing and speaking. This has raised a concern of the university top management. Thus, this study will focus on the teaching of grammar to the students in order to enhance their skill in the language. The study focused on the form approach in teaching grammar for Foundation of Engineering and Technical students through cooperative learning. A Pre-test was given to the students to identify the appropriate grammatical forms to be focused on in the teaching. A Post-test was then administered to analyze any improvements on the students' command of the language. Quantitative method of data gathering was used. The outcome of this study revealed that the cooperative learning of gramm...
A cross sectional survey was conducted to explore whether there were gender and ethnicity differe... more A cross sectional survey was conducted to explore whether there were gender and ethnicity differences with regard to each of the eight multiple intelligences as measured by the 80-item Malaysian-Based Multiple Intelligence Inventory (MBMI2), an adapted version which has appropriate validity and reliability established through a pilot study. The participants, comprising 426 science-based Form Four students who were drawn from nine secondary school classes in Manjung District, were selected using a cluster random sampling. In terms of gender, the analyses from the dataset using independent samples t-test indicated that females self-estimated themselves significantly more dominant in verbal-linguistics, visual-spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences as compared to their male counterparts. In terms of ethnicity, the analyses from the dataset using ANOVA indicated that Malays self-estimated themselves significantly more dominant than Chinese in verbal-linguistics, visual-s...
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02 ... more International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02 ... Video Games in Children's Learning of Mathematics ... 1Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, 2Zulqarnain Abu Bakar, 3Razol Mahari Ali, 4Ibrahima Faye, 5Mohd Hilmi Hassan, 6Am Zairi bin Amar ...
One of the most significant factors that affect the performance of learners with learning a secon... more One of the most significant factors that affect the performance of learners with learning a second language is difficulty with written skill. This paper reveals a study conducted as a qualitative research to analyze the written product as well as writing strategies of four ESL Malay undergraduate engineering students of a local private university used while completing a writing task. Specifically the study aimed to address the following research questions : 1) What are the writing strategies used by four ESL Malay undergraduate engineering students when they write composition in English? 2) Are there any differences between the writing strategies used by good ESL students to those used by the weaker ones? Think-aloud protocols, written essays, post-session interviews and audiotapes were used to examine the writing processes and strategies of two groups of students, two students in each group of good and weak learners. The think-aloud and interview protocols were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Analyses of the findings revealed that the two groups of students shared common writing strategies mainly cognitive strategies to generate ideas for their essay. Metacognitive and Social strategies were also used to aid in generating of ideas and searching for correct words or expressions. The strategies were used in combination and in a recursive manner to attain certain goals in their writing. The difference in the strategy use between the two groups of good and weak students lies in the amount of strategies being used, reason for the use and how the students regulated the strategies to solve problems concerning the writing task.
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2014
The element of certainty or al-yaqin in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the I... more The element of certainty or al-yaqin in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the Islamic epistemology, which normally relates to the certainty of knowledge. This element is deemed as the highest criterion of an Islamic epistemological state of knowledge that is engaged in the critical thinking process as well as its aimed result. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the perception of Muslim engineering students in Malaysian higher education institutions towards the concept of al-yaqin as an essential element of Islamic critical thinking. The study employed a survey-based descriptive research and the data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. A total of 557 Muslim engineering undergraduates from six Malaysian universities participated in this study. The findings revealed that Muslim engineering undergraduates in the Malaysian higher learning institutions have rather good comprehension and consciousness of the element of certainty or al-yaqin. It also revealed that the students' perception on the theoretical context is better than their perception in the methodological context of al-yaqin.
Many undergraduates are familiar with the knowledge and skills needed for effective communication... more Many undergraduates are familiar with the knowledge and skills needed for effective communication in an academic environment. But what about the communication skills required in a non-academic environment, such as during their internship or future employment? Will these undergraduates be able to confidently give a presentation in front of their colleagues? How well-equipped are they in conducting or participating in business meetings? Will they have the necessary communication skills for job interviews? Professional communication skills are, thus essential for any undergraduate to ensure successful communication at the workplace. Introducing Professional Communication Skills for Undergraduates is a textbook that addresses these interpersonal communication challenges faced by undergraduates in preparing for future employment. This textbook consists of eight chapters. Chapters 1-4 introduce and discuss key theories and concepts underpinning effective communication skills. Subsequent c...
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on New Findings in Humanities and Social Sciences, Sep 20, 2018
Many research findings have shown that learners encounter many learning difficulties. However, fo... more Many research findings have shown that learners encounter many learning difficulties. However, for effective learning, one has to know oneself and having knowledge about one's strengths and weaknesses. The process of teaching and learning will be more effective and meaningful when teachers and learners know their potential, their unique styles, strengths and weaknesses in learning. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is a psychological and educational theory espousing that eight types of "intelligence" exist in humans, each relating to a different sphere of human life and activity. This study aimed at exploring the preference of L2 learners towards different types of written corrective feedback and their relationship to learners' mathematical and kinesthetic intelligences. 50 L2 learners from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS participated in the study. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between mathematically intelligent learners and kinesthetically intelligent ones regarding their preference towards written corrective feedback types.
SHS Web of Conferences
This paper is a comparison of the impact of using bilingual instruction and the use of L2 on lear... more This paper is a comparison of the impact of using bilingual instruction and the use of L2 on learners’ learning improvement. The mixed mode is used to determine the use of mother language (L1) as a resource helped the students in learning. The respondents were selected from faculty of Management in UTM, Malaysia. They used rarely English language outside of the school and had average level of English language proficiency. In this paper, it also distinguished resource, difficulties and challenges which the students faced in using bilingual instruction. The questionnaire was used to determine students’ perceptions and data was analyzed by SPSS. In addition, the data was collected from interview which is transcribed and described. The results indicated that L1 in UTM can be used as a resource to teach specific subjects to students. According to the results, respondents had positive attitudes about using bilingual instruction in the class and it was effective on students’ leaning improv...
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology
There has been an ongoing debate about the value of providing corrective feedback in writing assi... more There has been an ongoing debate about the value of providing corrective feedback in writing assignments in English as a foreign/second language classes. Despite the fact, corrective feedback in writing has been analyzed from various perspectives, learners’ expectations regarding feedback given by language instructors are still to be considered. This paper investigates the types of written feedback preferred by the Malaysian students. This study investigated how language learners perceive the usefulness of different types and amounts of written corrective feedback, and also the reasons they have for their preferences. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected from 103 ESL students by means of computer generated written questionnaires. The results showed that Malaysian learners react in favor of direct feedback to their written work, and yet they show little tolerance for simply marking the error without explanation. Moreover, considerable number of the respondents favored indi...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
This study examines how British colonial writers penned on their views towards the native Malays ... more This study examines how British colonial writers penned on their views towards the native Malays during colonial time. Thematic Content Analysis is used and the findings portraying Malays were deliberated. The extracts and full articles taken from Singapore Free Press (from the beginning till the last edition before Second World War), revealed the Malays were portrayed negatively in many aspects. Amongst were lazy (or lassitude, lethargic or peasant or indolent) stupid, uneducated, barbaric and ferocious. The language in the agenda was set to indoctrinate the Malays with a sense of dependency and inferiority. This had imperative allegations for the post-colonial nation states. It indicated that issue attributes salient in the media was functioning as a significant dimension to legalise the colonialism and how Agenda Setting playes its role.
English Language Teaching
The quick development of the tourism and hospitality industry can straightly influence the Englis... more The quick development of the tourism and hospitality industry can straightly influence the English language which is the most widely used and spoken language in international tourism in the twenty-first century. English for tourism has a major role in the delivery of quality service. Employees who work in the tourism and hospitality industry are entirely and highly aware of its importance and they need to have a good command of English in their workplace. English for tourism and hospitality has been categorized under English for the specific purpose (ESP). It is an important and dynamic area of specialization within the field of English language teaching and learning. The necessity of teaching English for professional purposes and specifically in the area of tourism is irrefutable. Language proficiency is very important and essential in all professional fields specifically in the tourism and hospitality industry due to its specific nature and concepts. Thus, it is required that the ...
The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
At the time where electronic books, or e-Books, offer students a fun way of learning , teachers w... more At the time where electronic books, or e-Books, offer students a fun way of learning , teachers who are used to the paper text books may find it as a new challenge to use it as a part of learning process. Precisely, there are various types of e-Books available to suit students- knowledge, characteristics, abilities, and interests. The paper discusses teachers- perceptions on the use of ebooks as a paper text book in the classroom. A survey was conducted on 72 teachers who use e-books as textbooks. It was discovered that a majority of these teachers had good perceptions on the use of ebooks. However, they had little problems using the devices. It can be overcome with some strategies and a suggested framework.
The element of justice or al-'adl in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the ... more The element of justice or al-'adl in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the notion of justice in a thinking process which critically rationalizes the truth in a fair and objective manner with no irrelevant interference that can jeopardize a sound judgment. This Islamic axiological element is vital in technological decision making as it addresses the issues of religious values and ethics that are primarily set to fulfill the purpose of human life on earth. The main objective of this study was to examine and analyze the perception of Muslim engineering students in Malaysian higher education institutions towards the concept of al-'adl as an essential element of Islamic critical thinking. The study employed mixed methods approach that comprises data collection from the questionnaire survey and the interview responses. A total of 557 Muslim engineering undergraduates from six Malaysian universities participated in the study. The study generally indicated that Mus...
This paper describes a research project on Year 3 primary school students in Malaysia in their us... more This paper describes a research project on Year 3 primary school students in Malaysia in their use of computer-based video game to enhance learning of multiplication facts (tables) in the Mathematics subject. This study attempts to investigate whether video games could actually contribute to positive effect on children-s learning or otherwise. In conducting this study, the researchers assume a neutral stand in the investigation as an unbiased outcome of the study would render reliable response to the impact of video games in education which would contribute to the literature of technology-based education as well as impact to the pedagogical aspect of formal education. In order to conduct the study, a subject (Mathematics) with a specific topic area in the subject (multiplication facts) is chosen. The study adopts a causal-comparative research to investigate the impact of the inclusion of a computer-based video game designed to teach multiplication facts to primary level students. Sa...
Salary is a big portion of zakat collection in Malaysia today, it contributes almost 70 percent o... more Salary is a big portion of zakat collection in Malaysia today, it contributes almost 70 percent of total collection of zakat institutions yearly, the issue of zakat on salary has been discussed by scholars since the those days of sahabah and tabi’in until today. Among the issues are hawl, nisab and al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah. For the case of al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah the practice of zakat institution in Malaysia is to directly convert the exempted amount of personal, spouse and children, which is performed by Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), the practice has raised a question among scholars, they argue whether the exempted amounts are exactly representing the costs of al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah which are required by shariah. This paper aims to explore the perception of shariah on al-hawa’ij al-asliyyah with the specific items which has been discussed in classical fiqh and investigate the suitable items which is currently customized in daily life. The study applied a library research methodol...
2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), 2017
This paper shares an innovative approach of using mind map to support active leaning for electric... more This paper shares an innovative approach of using mind map to support active leaning for electrical & electronics engineering students. It is also aimed at exploring students' experiences in using mind maps. In this study, 80 students were asked to respond to 2 online surveys; one, prior to the mind map activity and the other after. The findings for the survey prior to the mind map activity showed that, majority of the students are familiar with mind map and are aware that mind map does help them to learn and that most are willing to put in some effort to use mind map for learning purposes. The second survey's findings showed that even though some respondents have pessimistic attitude, generally the response have been positive and well received and some students ask for more guidance and training to be able to master the mind map learning technique.
2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF), 2017
The foundation of Engineering and Technology students at UTP are required to register for Basic E... more The foundation of Engineering and Technology students at UTP are required to register for Basic English classes I and II. Even though they have been exposed to the language for a substantial period of time, majority of them are still lacking in their ability to apply the appropriate use of the language in writing and speaking. This has raised a concern of the university top management. Thus, this study will focus on the teaching of grammar to the students in order to enhance their skill in the language. The study focused on the form approach in teaching grammar for Foundation of Engineering and Technical students through cooperative learning. A Pre-test was given to the students to identify the appropriate grammatical forms to be focused on in the teaching. A Post-test was then administered to analyze any improvements on the students' command of the language. Quantitative method of data gathering was used. The outcome of this study revealed that the cooperative learning of gramm...
A cross sectional survey was conducted to explore whether there were gender and ethnicity differe... more A cross sectional survey was conducted to explore whether there were gender and ethnicity differences with regard to each of the eight multiple intelligences as measured by the 80-item Malaysian-Based Multiple Intelligence Inventory (MBMI2), an adapted version which has appropriate validity and reliability established through a pilot study. The participants, comprising 426 science-based Form Four students who were drawn from nine secondary school classes in Manjung District, were selected using a cluster random sampling. In terms of gender, the analyses from the dataset using independent samples t-test indicated that females self-estimated themselves significantly more dominant in verbal-linguistics, visual-spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences as compared to their male counterparts. In terms of ethnicity, the analyses from the dataset using ANOVA indicated that Malays self-estimated themselves significantly more dominant than Chinese in verbal-linguistics, visual-s...
International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02 ... more International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02 ... Video Games in Children's Learning of Mathematics ... 1Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, 2Zulqarnain Abu Bakar, 3Razol Mahari Ali, 4Ibrahima Faye, 5Mohd Hilmi Hassan, 6Am Zairi bin Amar ...
One of the most significant factors that affect the performance of learners with learning a secon... more One of the most significant factors that affect the performance of learners with learning a second language is difficulty with written skill. This paper reveals a study conducted as a qualitative research to analyze the written product as well as writing strategies of four ESL Malay undergraduate engineering students of a local private university used while completing a writing task. Specifically the study aimed to address the following research questions : 1) What are the writing strategies used by four ESL Malay undergraduate engineering students when they write composition in English? 2) Are there any differences between the writing strategies used by good ESL students to those used by the weaker ones? Think-aloud protocols, written essays, post-session interviews and audiotapes were used to examine the writing processes and strategies of two groups of students, two students in each group of good and weak learners. The think-aloud and interview protocols were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Analyses of the findings revealed that the two groups of students shared common writing strategies mainly cognitive strategies to generate ideas for their essay. Metacognitive and Social strategies were also used to aid in generating of ideas and searching for correct words or expressions. The strategies were used in combination and in a recursive manner to attain certain goals in their writing. The difference in the strategy use between the two groups of good and weak students lies in the amount of strategies being used, reason for the use and how the students regulated the strategies to solve problems concerning the writing task.
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2014
The element of certainty or al-yaqin in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the I... more The element of certainty or al-yaqin in the context of Islamic critical thinking deals with the Islamic epistemology, which normally relates to the certainty of knowledge. This element is deemed as the highest criterion of an Islamic epistemological state of knowledge that is engaged in the critical thinking process as well as its aimed result. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the perception of Muslim engineering students in Malaysian higher education institutions towards the concept of al-yaqin as an essential element of Islamic critical thinking. The study employed a survey-based descriptive research and the data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. A total of 557 Muslim engineering undergraduates from six Malaysian universities participated in this study. The findings revealed that Muslim engineering undergraduates in the Malaysian higher learning institutions have rather good comprehension and consciousness of the element of certainty or al-yaqin. It also revealed that the students' perception on the theoretical context is better than their perception in the methodological context of al-yaqin.
Many undergraduates are familiar with the knowledge and skills needed for effective communication... more Many undergraduates are familiar with the knowledge and skills needed for effective communication in an academic environment. But what about the communication skills required in a non-academic environment, such as during their internship or future employment? Will these undergraduates be able to confidently give a presentation in front of their colleagues? How well-equipped are they in conducting or participating in business meetings? Will they have the necessary communication skills for job interviews? Professional communication skills are, thus essential for any undergraduate to ensure successful communication at the workplace. Introducing Professional Communication Skills for Undergraduates is a textbook that addresses these interpersonal communication challenges faced by undergraduates in preparing for future employment. This textbook consists of eight chapters. Chapters 1-4 introduce and discuss key theories and concepts underpinning effective communication skills. Subsequent c...
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on New Findings in Humanities and Social Sciences, Sep 20, 2018
Many research findings have shown that learners encounter many learning difficulties. However, fo... more Many research findings have shown that learners encounter many learning difficulties. However, for effective learning, one has to know oneself and having knowledge about one's strengths and weaknesses. The process of teaching and learning will be more effective and meaningful when teachers and learners know their potential, their unique styles, strengths and weaknesses in learning. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is a psychological and educational theory espousing that eight types of "intelligence" exist in humans, each relating to a different sphere of human life and activity. This study aimed at exploring the preference of L2 learners towards different types of written corrective feedback and their relationship to learners' mathematical and kinesthetic intelligences. 50 L2 learners from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS participated in the study. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between mathematically intelligent learners and kinesthetically intelligent ones regarding their preference towards written corrective feedback types.
SHS Web of Conferences
This paper is a comparison of the impact of using bilingual instruction and the use of L2 on lear... more This paper is a comparison of the impact of using bilingual instruction and the use of L2 on learners’ learning improvement. The mixed mode is used to determine the use of mother language (L1) as a resource helped the students in learning. The respondents were selected from faculty of Management in UTM, Malaysia. They used rarely English language outside of the school and had average level of English language proficiency. In this paper, it also distinguished resource, difficulties and challenges which the students faced in using bilingual instruction. The questionnaire was used to determine students’ perceptions and data was analyzed by SPSS. In addition, the data was collected from interview which is transcribed and described. The results indicated that L1 in UTM can be used as a resource to teach specific subjects to students. According to the results, respondents had positive attitudes about using bilingual instruction in the class and it was effective on students’ leaning improv...
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology
There has been an ongoing debate about the value of providing corrective feedback in writing assi... more There has been an ongoing debate about the value of providing corrective feedback in writing assignments in English as a foreign/second language classes. Despite the fact, corrective feedback in writing has been analyzed from various perspectives, learners’ expectations regarding feedback given by language instructors are still to be considered. This paper investigates the types of written feedback preferred by the Malaysian students. This study investigated how language learners perceive the usefulness of different types and amounts of written corrective feedback, and also the reasons they have for their preferences. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected from 103 ESL students by means of computer generated written questionnaires. The results showed that Malaysian learners react in favor of direct feedback to their written work, and yet they show little tolerance for simply marking the error without explanation. Moreover, considerable number of the respondents favored indi...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
This study examines how British colonial writers penned on their views towards the native Malays ... more This study examines how British colonial writers penned on their views towards the native Malays during colonial time. Thematic Content Analysis is used and the findings portraying Malays were deliberated. The extracts and full articles taken from Singapore Free Press (from the beginning till the last edition before Second World War), revealed the Malays were portrayed negatively in many aspects. Amongst were lazy (or lassitude, lethargic or peasant or indolent) stupid, uneducated, barbaric and ferocious. The language in the agenda was set to indoctrinate the Malays with a sense of dependency and inferiority. This had imperative allegations for the post-colonial nation states. It indicated that issue attributes salient in the media was functioning as a significant dimension to legalise the colonialism and how Agenda Setting playes its role.
English Language Teaching
The quick development of the tourism and hospitality industry can straightly influence the Englis... more The quick development of the tourism and hospitality industry can straightly influence the English language which is the most widely used and spoken language in international tourism in the twenty-first century. English for tourism has a major role in the delivery of quality service. Employees who work in the tourism and hospitality industry are entirely and highly aware of its importance and they need to have a good command of English in their workplace. English for tourism and hospitality has been categorized under English for the specific purpose (ESP). It is an important and dynamic area of specialization within the field of English language teaching and learning. The necessity of teaching English for professional purposes and specifically in the area of tourism is irrefutable. Language proficiency is very important and essential in all professional fields specifically in the tourism and hospitality industry due to its specific nature and concepts. Thus, it is required that the ...