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Papers by adewale ashimi

PubMed, Jul 28, 2023

Background: Globally, female-perpetrated IPV has been well studied among various groups but littl... more Background: Globally, female-perpetrated IPV has been well studied among various groups but little is known about IPV against heterosexual men living with HIV. This study sought to identify the prevalence and determinants of female-perpetrated IPV among heterosexual HIV-positive men in Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive crosssectional study carried out at one secondary and tertiary health facility respectively, both situated in Birnin Kudu. Using an intervieweradministered pre-tested questionnaire, the prevalence and determinants of female-perpetrated IPV was assessed among 322 heterosexual HIV-positive men attending the anti-retroviral therapy clinics at the two health facilities. Data was entered into and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 25. Results: The prevalence of IPV in the last year was 45% (145D 322). Out of the survivors of IPV, 143 (98.6%), 75 (51.7%), and 51 (35.2%) had experienced psychological aggression, physical assault and sexual coercion respectively. The number of children fathered, experience of childhood violence, and marital status were significantly associated with IPV (p< 0.05) However, they remained significant determinants of IPV after controlling for confounders (ethnicity, marital status, educational status ) {Adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 7.34 and 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 1.49 - 35.4; aOR= 1.84 C.I. 1.33 - 2.80; aOR = O.51 (0.29 - 0.90) respectively}. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of femaleperpetrated IPV against heterosexual men living with HIV and emphasizes that exposure to childhood violence and being childless are determinants of IPV. Efforts should be made to screen for IPV among men living with HIV so as to optimize their health and wellbeing.

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015

Background: Teething has over the years been associated with complains of systemic symptoms from ... more Background: Teething has over the years been associated with complains of systemic symptoms from parents, and at times are over treated by health-care professionals. This study seeks to determine common teething complaints reported by nursing mothers. Materials and Methods: This study was multicenter involving 224 nursing mothers. It was cross-sectional and questionnaire-based relevant information collected were: The socio demographic characteristics, knowledge of teething and myths associated with teething, and the attitude of nursing mothers toward the use of teething remedies. Results: Two hundred and three (90.62%) of them believed teething caused symptoms; common complaints that were attributed to teething by mothers were diarrhea, vomiting, increased salivation; however, fever was the predominant complaint, and their parents were the most common source of information on teething in 50% of them, while only a mother (0.4%) was informed on the process of teething at the hospital. Furthermore, the number of children did not affect the desire to seek for medical care for teething symptoms. Common remedies used were as follows: 59 (26.3%) nursing mothers used teething syrup, 43 (19.2%) nursing mothers used teething powder, 16 (7.2%) of them used traditional herbs while 8(3.6%) of them used multiple preparations; however 91 (40.6%) of them did not use any remedy. One hundred and seven (47.8%) of the mothers believed that these remedies worked, 67 (29.9%) of them disagreed while 50 (22.3%) were not sure of their efficacy. Conclusion: Parents should be educated on normal expectations of the teething process; and not to undermine the seriousness of illnesses erroneously attributed to teething.

Scottish Medical Journal, Aug 1, 2010

Public place defibrillators can reduce delays to defibrillation but their cost-effectiveness has ... more Public place defibrillators can reduce delays to defibrillation but their cost-effectiveness has not been evaluated in randomised trials. In Scotland, unlike England, no health sector funding has been provided. Nonetheless, anecdotal evidence suggests they are increasing in number. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of all airports, shopping malls, leisure centres, and major train and bus stations to determine whether defibrillators had been purchased and by whom, the training and maintenance arrangements, and whether they had been discharged. Of the 183 eligible sites, 153 (84%) participated. 33 (22%) had at least one defibrillator. Those in airports and shopping malls were purchased privately. Those in leisure centres were bought by charities or local authorities. The majority (97%) provided training to existing staff, but 6 (18%) provided no training to new staff. Only 6 (18%) had a maintenance agreement and 8 (24%) a replacement policy. Only one site permitted public access. Defibrillators had been discharged in 10 (30%) sites. Of the 32 people shocked, 23 (72%) survived until the ambulance arrived. Despite absence of health sector funding, defibrillators are located in 22% of high footfall public places. Those purchasing defibrillators need to ensure adequate maintenance, replacement and training arrangements.

Tropical Doctor, 2004

An unusual mode of presentation of schistosomiasis in the form of a ruptured tubal pregnancy in a... more An unusual mode of presentation of schistosomiasis in the form of a ruptured tubal pregnancy in a previously asymptomatic 23-year-old woman is described. Histological examination of the salpingectomy specimens demonstrated Schistosoma haematobium ova.

Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Sep 30, 2018

Objective To investigate life-threatening maternal complications related to hypertensive disorder... more Objective To investigate life-threatening maternal complications related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in Nigerian public tertiary hospitals. Design Secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study. Setting Forty-two tertiary hospitals. Population Women admitted for pregnancy, childbirth or puerperal complications. Method All cases of severe maternal outcome (SMO: maternal near-miss or maternal death) due to HDP were prospectively identified using the WHO criteria over a 1-year period. Main outcome measures Incidence of SMO, health service events, case fatality rate, and mortality index (% of maternal death/ SMO). Results Out of 100 107 admissions for maternal complications, 6753 (6.8%) women had HDP. Pre-eclampsia (PE) (54.5%) and eclampsia (E) (30.4%) were the most common HDP recorded. SMO occurred in 587 women with HDP: 298 maternal nearmisses and 289 maternal deaths. The majority (93%) of the women with SMO due to HDP were admitted in a critical condition. The median diagnosis-definitive intervention interval was over 4 hours in a quarter of women who died from HDP. For PE and E, case fatality rates were 1.9 and 10.4%, respectively, although both conditions had a similar mortality index of 49.3%. Lack of antenatal care and place of residence further than 5 km from the hospital were associated with maternal death. Conclusions Severe maternal outcomes from HDP were due to late presentations and health system challenges. To reduce maternal deaths from HDP, health system strengthening that would engender early hospital presentation and prompt treatment is recommended. Funding The original research that generated the data for this secondary analysis was funded by the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/ WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization (WHO). We have no other funding issue to declare for our study.

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Sep 1, 2013

Abdominal pregnancy has remained a big challenge worldwide especially in developing countries whe... more Abdominal pregnancy has remained a big challenge worldwide especially in developing countries where there are limitations in diagnostic resources. The most important approach is to be vigilant for the unexpected as most patients present with no specific symptoms or clinical signs. It also poses great challenges in diagnosis and management, and is associated with a lot of morbidity and mortality. This series of six cases, each presenting in a peculiar way, typically illustrates these issues. The cases were managed in three different hospitals in the last 15 years. These series is aimed at highlighting the atypical presenting features of advanced abdominal pregnancy and the need for vigilance when there is suspicion of a case. It is also aimed at showing the difficulty of diagnosis and management of advanced abdominal pregnancy in low resource environment.

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2014

Context: An important but little understood concept that retards the goal to reduce maternal mort... more Context: An important but little understood concept that retards the goal to reduce maternal mortality and increase universal access to reproductive health is disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence, pattern, perpetrators, and determinants of D&A during childbirth among recently parturient women in Kano, north western Nigeria. Settings and Design: Using a cross-sectional design, 332 women accessing child immunization and postnatal services at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, were selected. Subjects and Methods: Respondents were selected using systematic sampling technique and data collected using an adapted, interviewer administered tool. Statistical Analysis: Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 and level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Respondents (n = 306) had a mean age of 27.7 ± 6.3 years and more than half (55.9%; n = 171) had experienced at least one form of D&A during childbirth. Commonest forms of abuse were abandonment and nonconfidential care (84.5%, n = 142; 67.9%, n = 114, respectively). Main perpetrators were nurses/midwives (83.0%, n = 142). The experience during the last childbirth was significantly higher among respondents of non-Hausa/Fulani ethnic group ( 2 = 6.10; P = 0.014), of the Christian faith ( 2 = 8.62; P = 0.003), and with formal education ( 2 = 19.94; P = 0.0001). After controlling for confounders, formal education remained a predictor for experiencing abuse at childbirth (AOR = 2.43; 95% confidence interval = 1.11-5.32). Conclusions: D&A during childbirth is prevalent in our setting. Educating healthcare providers and women about their responsibilities and rights will enhance provision and utilization of quality maternal health services.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2010

Objective To review the acceptance pattern and the influence of age and parity on the choice of F... more Objective To review the acceptance pattern and the influence of age and parity on the choice of Family Planning Methods at the Family Planning Clinic, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. Method All records of the clients that attended the Family Planning Clinic from January 2003 to December 2007 were analyzed Results New clients were 22% while revisits were 78%, with a steady increase in the number of new clients from 4% in 2003 to 26% in 2007. Injectable contraceptives were the most commonly used (40.63%), followed by the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) (34.53%). Most women of low parity used the injectable contraceptive method (36.2%) and oral contraceptive pills (30.7%), while those in the early reproductive age group (37.1%) used oral contraceptive pills and injectable contraceptive method (32.5%) than any other method. Women of high parity (47.1%) and those in the late reproductive age group (51.2%) used injectable contraceptives more, followed by IUCD (43.0% and 46.1% respectively). There was very low acceptance of Implants (0.54%) and voluntary surgical contraception (0.36%). Majority of the clients (67.5%) were informed about voluntary family planning by Health workers. Conclusion There is an increasing trend in the yearly number of new clients in our centre. Contraceptive methods that do involve surgery or the exposure of the women were preferred, and these should be promoted in a conservative society like ours. The influence of husbands, community and religious leaders and female education are important, if the acceptance of voluntary family planning is to increase in societies like ours, where women marry early and are not socioeconomically empowered. Efforts should be made to step up campaign for voluntary surgical contraception, especially among women who have completed their families, as its utilization is very low in our community. Keywords: Voluntary family planning methods, age, parity, acceptance, Kano.

Annals of Health Research, Mar 3, 2021

Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment o... more Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment of this condition with oestrogen cream is effective. On the other hand, postpartum labial adhesion is an unusual complication of vaginal birth except when it associated with trauma to the perineum. In that situation, treatment with oestrogen cream is usually ineffective. A 19-year-old primipara presented 15 months after vaginal birth with difficulty in having sexual intercourse. She had sustained a perineal tear during her last childbirth at home. Pelvic examination revealed fusion of the medial aspect of the labia minora with a membrane inferior to the external urethral opening completely closing the vaginal orifice. A surgical division under anaesthesia was carried out and she resumed sexual intercourse within five days. Postpartum labial adhesion is an uncommon complication of vaginal births and surgical division of labial adhesions is the first line of management. Good postpartum perineal care for perineal laceration following vaginal births should be encouraged to prevent apareunia.

West African journal of medicine, Aug 31, 2022

Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment o... more Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment of this condition with oestrogen cream is effective. On the other hand, postpartum labial adhesion is an unusual complication of vaginal birth except when it associated with trauma to the perineum. In that situation, treatment with oestrogen cream is usually in-effective. A 19-year-old primipara presented 15 months after vaginal birth with difficulty in having sexual intercourse. She had sustained a perineal tear during her last childbirth at home. Pelvic examination revealed fusion of the medial aspect of the labia minora with a membrane inferior to the external urethral opening completely closing the vaginal orifice. A surgical division under anaesthesia was carried out and she resumed sexual intercourse within five days. Postpartum labial adhesion is an uncommon complication of vaginal births and surgical division of labial adhesions is the first line of management. Good postpartum per...

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the burden and causes of life‐threatening maternal complications and the ... more ObjectiveTo investigate the burden and causes of life‐threatening maternal complications and the quality of emergency obstetric care in Nigerian public tertiary hospitals.DesignNationwide cross‐sectional study.SettingForty‐two tertiary hospitals.PopulationWomen admitted for pregnancy, childbirth and puerperal complications.MethodsAll cases of severe maternal outcome (SMO: maternal near‐miss or maternal death) were prospectively identified using the WHO criteria over a 1‐year period.Main outcome measuresIncidence and causes of SMO, health service events, case fatality rate, and mortality index (% of maternal death/SMO).ResultsParticipating hospitals recorded 91 724 live births and 5910 stillbirths. A total of 2449 women had an SMO, including 1451 near‐misses and 998 maternal deaths (2.7, 1.6 and 1.1% of live births, respectively). The majority (91.8%) of SMO cases were admitted in critical condition. Leading causes of SMO were pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (23.4%) and postpartum haemorrhag...

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is traditionally viewed in the context of men as being the perpet... more Intimate partner violence (IPV) is traditionally viewed in the context of men as being the perpetrators of violence against women, the victims. Reports of female perpetrated violence against men living with HIV are relatively few in the literature. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that utilized an interviewer-administered questionnaire to identify the reasons for IPV and help-seeking response to IPV among 322 men living with HIV in Birnin Kudu, Jigawa state, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The prevalence of IPV among men in the study period was 45% (145/322). Out of the 145 respondents that experienced IPV in the year preceding the survey, 72 (49.7%) felt the IPV was related to domestic problems, 70 (48.3%) ascribed it to the disclosure of their HIV status, while 48 (33.1%) attributed it to ‘poor upbringing’ on the part of their spouse. About a third of the respondents (n= 51; 35.2%) did not report the incident to anyone; out of those that reported the incident, 9...

eClinicalMedicine

Background The WHO in collaboration with the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, established a na... more Background The WHO in collaboration with the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, established a nationwide electronic data platform across referral-level hospitals. We report the burden of maternal, foetal and neonatal complications and quality and outcomes of care during the first year. Methods Data were analysed from 76,563 women who were admitted for delivery or on account of complications within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy from September 2019 to August 2020 across the 54 hospitals included in the Maternal and Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity programme. Findings Participating hospitals reported 69,055 live births, 4,498 stillbirths and 1,090 early neonatal deaths. 44,614 women (58¢3%) had at least one pregnancy complication, out of which 6,618 women (8¢6%) met our criteria for potentially life-threatening complications, and 940 women (1¢2%) died. Leading causes of maternal death were eclampsia (n = 187,20¢6%), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (n = 103,11¢4%), and sepsis (n = 99,10¢8%). Antepartum hypoxia (n = 1455,31¢1%) and acute intrapartum events (n = 913,19¢6%) were the leading causes of perinatal

Environmental Disease, 2022

Objective: This study assessed health-care workers' awareness of the health and environmental... more Objective: This study assessed health-care workers' awareness of the health and environmental hazards associated with plastic bags and available substitutes. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out in two rural hospitals in Northwest Nigeria over a 4-week study period. It included permanently employed health workers who were residents in the study community. The data were analyzed using SPSS version-20; the association between respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of the harmful effects of plastic-bags was determined using the Chi-square test. Results: There were 200 respondents aged 20–55 years with a mean of 31.7 ± 8.6 years. Most, 45% (90/200), respondents were nurses/midwives; 21% (42/200) were doctors. Most respondents, 49% (98/200), would throw away the plastic bags after a single use; 23.5% (47/200) would keep and reuse, while 45.5% (91/200) use reusable bags for shopping. Most respondents, 91% (182/200), were awa...

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2016

trend of hyperprolactinemia among infertile females where a prevalence of 31.7% has been reported... more trend of hyperprolactinemia among infertile females where a prevalence of 31.7% has been reported. 5 Galactorrhea is one of the complaints often associated with infertility. Its relationship with amenorrhea and infertility is well-established. 6 Galactorrhea is the inappropriate secretion of breast milk. 7 It is a relatively common symptom as 20-25% of women experience galactorrhea INTRODUCTION Infertility is a common reproductive health issue with incidence ranging from 20% to 46% in parts of West Africa 1,2 and it accounts for 45-65% of gynecological consultation. 3,4 Hormonal factors are the less common cause of female infertility in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to tubal pathology which is mostly secondary to sexually transmitted disease. 1 Emerging result from study done in North Eastern region of Nigeria showed an increase in the

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2014

Nigeria has the highest absolute number of residents who have undergone female genital mutilation... more Nigeria has the highest absolute number of residents who have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) and most are carried out during infancy; however most reports on FGM are from urban based facilities hence we sought to know the perception and attitude of pregnant women residing in a rural community in northern Nigeria to FGM. A descriptive cross sectional study utilized a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire to assess the types of FGM known, reasons for performing it and willingness to support or perform FGM among 323 pregnant women attending antenatal care in two different health facilities. Of the 323 respondents, 256 (79.3%) were aware of the practice and the common varieties of FGM known to them were Gishiri cut in 137 (53.5%) and Angurya cut 113 (44.1). The notable reasons for carrying out FGM in the community were tradition 88 (34.4%), to ease difficulty in childbirth 69 (26.9%) and better marriage prospect in 55 (21.5%). Of the respondents that were aware of FGM; 100 (39.1%) have experienced it and 55 (21.5%) of those aware of it would subject their daughters to the procedure. There was statistically significant association between willingness to mutilate daughters by the respondents type of education (p = 0.014) and the type of facility they were receiving antenatal care (p = 0.001). FGM is prevalent in this community with Gishiri cut being the commonest variety. It is often associated with difficult childbirth and many women would subject their daughters to this practice. Female education and empowerment is crucial to discontinuation of this practice.

West African Journal of Medicine, 2009

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes (SPROM) at term is one of the most common... more BACKGROUND: Spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes (SPROM) at term is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly because it is associated with a latency period from membrane rupture to delivery. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of labour in women who had immediate induction of labour, with those who had delayed induction following SPROM at term. METHODS: A prospective case control study of 200 women who had either immediate induction of labour with intravaginal misoprostol tablets, or delayed induction with intravenous oxytocin infusion after an expectant period of 12 hours, at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. The outcome of labour was compared in the two groups using the Z test and Chi square test, while, p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were also determined where appropriate RESULTS: Immediate induction of labour with intravaginal misoprotol resulted in lower rates of caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery, with a higher rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery. The duration of latent phase of labour and hospital stay before delivery was statistically significantly shorter in the immediate induction group. Neonatal and maternal morbidity were insignificant and comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Immediate induction of labour with intravaginal misoprotol resulted in significantly lower rates of intervention without compromising fetomaternal outcome. We recommend the immediate induction of labour with proper use of intravaginal misoprotol in women with SPROM at term. WAJM 2009; 28(3): 156-160.

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2009

Objective To determine the inXuence of age and parity on consent for non-emergency hysterectomy i... more Objective To determine the inXuence of age and parity on consent for non-emergency hysterectomy in each of the indications, type of hysterectomy performed, and the diVerence in their outcomes. Patients and methods A 6-year prospective study of all cases of non-emergency hysterectomy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. The data obtained were analysed using Epi-Info 3.2.2, 2004 statistical software. Chi-square test and exact probability test were used to determine signiWcant associations. A P value of <0.05 was considered signiWcant. Results Non-emergency hysterectomy accounted for 16.7% of all major gynaecological operations. The mean age of the women was 42.22 § 8.36 years, and mean parity was 5.84 § 3.24. Age and parity did not signiWcantly inXuence respondents against giving consent for non-emergency hysterectomy in all the indications, except for age and uterine Wbroids. The commonest indication was uterine Wbroids (58.2%). There was a preference for abdominal hysterectomy. Post-operative complications were less with vaginal hysterectomy. The morbidity rate was 26.9% and there was no mortality. Conclusion Non-emergency hysterectomy is a fairly safe procedure in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Early marriage and childbearing signiWcantly reduced the aversion to non-emergency hysterectomy. Increase in the use of vaginal hysterectomy where it is not contra-indicated should be encouraged in order to reduce the morbidity. Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy will go a long way to achieve this goal when available in our unit. EVorts should be made to train gynaecologists in minimal access gynaecological surgeries.

Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 2007

The prevalence of obstructed labour in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) was 0.8%. Obstructed l... more The prevalence of obstructed labour in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) was 0.8%. Obstructed labour is still a common feature of our obstetric practice. The highest frequency was found among unbooked primigravid teenagers, who lack Western education. The commonest cause was cephalopelvic disproportion (75.5%). Perinatal outcome was poor with perinatal mortality rate of 52.9%. Among the women 39.2% presented with intrauterine fetal death, and 70% of them were delivered by destructive operations. Regional anaesthesia was used in 58% of the cases of Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), while it was used for all cases of destructive operation. The risk of complications did not show a statistically significant difference (P Keywords : Obstructed Labour, Kano, feto-maternal outcome. The Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 51 (4) 2007: pp. 59-63

PubMed, Jul 28, 2023

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015

Scottish Medical Journal, Aug 1, 2010

Tropical Doctor, 2004

Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Sep 30, 2018

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Sep 1, 2013

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2014

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2010

Annals of Health Research, Mar 3, 2021

West African journal of medicine, Aug 31, 2022

Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment o... more Labial adhesion is commonly seen in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups and treatment of this condition with oestrogen cream is effective. On the other hand, postpartum labial adhesion is an unusual complication of vaginal birth except when it associated with trauma to the perineum. In that situation, treatment with oestrogen cream is usually in-effective. A 19-year-old primipara presented 15 months after vaginal birth with difficulty in having sexual intercourse. She had sustained a perineal tear during her last childbirth at home. Pelvic examination revealed fusion of the medial aspect of the labia minora with a membrane inferior to the external urethral opening completely closing the vaginal orifice. A surgical division under anaesthesia was carried out and she resumed sexual intercourse within five days. Postpartum labial adhesion is an uncommon complication of vaginal births and surgical division of labial adhesions is the first line of management. Good postpartum per...

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2015

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

eClinicalMedicine

Environmental Disease, 2022

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2016

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2014

West African Journal of Medicine, 2009

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2009

Nigerian Medical Practitioner, 2007