abdulraheem giwa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by abdulraheem giwa

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017

Twelve (12) water quality parameters (turbidity, TDS, pH, Cl-, EC, DO, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen,... more Twelve (12) water quality parameters (turbidity, TDS, pH, Cl-, EC, DO, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Fe and Mn) were analyzed in River Kaduna, Nigeria on a monthly basis for a period of one year in 15 sampling locations using standard methods. The data obtained were used to develop Water Quality Index (WQI) across the 15 sampling locations. The WQI revealed that the water quality of 4 sampling locations were poor as their index values ranged between 17.77 to 25.47. On the other hand, the generalized water quality of the remaining 11 sampling locations was marginal as the index values ranged between 44.95 to 60.80. The index values of the various sampling locations were thereafter used as weights in mapping the WQI of the entire sampled portion of the river using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. The WQI of the entire river was suggestively ranked marginal as 11 sampling locations out of 15 (73.3%) fell into the marginal category. Hence, regulatory agencies were advised to check the anthropogenic activities along the watershed with more emphasis at the hot spot areas or locations that recorded poor WQI. © JASEM

American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2021

Ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-2-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-... more Ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-2-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl) diazenyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate and ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl) carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)diazenyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate disperse dyes were synthesised in this study by the coupling reaction of synthesised ethyl 2-amino-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate with 6-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile and 1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile. Metal complexation of the synthesised disperse dyes with copper, cobalt and zinc metals were carried out. The structure of the synthesised intermediate, coupling components, dyes and their complexes were elucidated by analytical techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR), carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as the determination of their melting points. The molar extinction coefficient of the dyes and their complexes ranges from 24,800-83,200 Lmol-1 cm-1. The FTIR spectra of the synthesised dyes and their complexes showed the presence of cyano group in the range 2225-2229 cm-1 , carbonyl group in the range 1640-1692 cm-1 , hydroxyl group in the range 3310-3340 cm-1 , azo group in the range 1398-1491 cm-1 , stretching vibration of (N-H) in the range 3474-3478 cm-1 and stretching vibration of aromatic (C-H) in the range 2882-2989 cm-1. The dyeing performance of the dyes and their metal complex analogous were assessed on polyester and nylon 6.6 fabrics. The dyes and their complexes were found have good levelness, excellent fastness to perspiration and sublimation, good to excellent wash fastness and light fastness on both polyester and nylon 6.6 fabrics with different shades of violet and brown.

Iranica Journal of energy and environment, 2015

Activated carbon was produced from rice husk via thermal pretreatment preceding chemical modifica... more Activated carbon was produced from rice husk via thermal pretreatment preceding chemical modification with phosphoric acid. In order to study the effect of phosphoric acid modification, the characteristics of the activated carbon produced were determined before and after acid modification and subsequently compared. These characteristics include surface morphology, surface functional groups, surface area, average pore diameter and pore volume. Characterization results showed that modification of the thermally treated rice husk with phosphoric acid enhanced the surface area of the activated carbon from 12.47 to 102.4m 2 /g. The average pore diameter was also enhanced from 2.4 to 1.82nm. It also shows improvement in micropore volume from 0.0052 to 0.034cm 3 /g. SEM analysis confirmed the improvement in surface area and pore development resulting from the phosphoric acid modification while FTIR analysis revealed the existence of phosphorous-oxy-containing functional groups on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified activated carbon.

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

This study aimed at investigating the impact of operating conditions on the treatment performance... more This study aimed at investigating the impact of operating conditions on the treatment performance of an alternative method of wastewater treatment. The investigations were carried out in a hybrid reactor which combined simultaneous biodegradation of organic pollutants through microorganisms, membrane filtration through a submerged microfiltration (MF) membrane, and electrocoagulation process via application of electric field intermittently supplied. The theoretical investigations included mathematical modelling to determine the impact of the variations of process parameters such as current density (CD), hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and pore diameter of anode (dp) on the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) from raw municipal wastewater directly supplied from the main sewer (without pre or primary treatment) at Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. CD was varied between 5 and 20 A/m 2 with a step size of 10 A/m 2 ; HRT was varied by changing the influent flow rate between 20 and 50 L/d with a step size of 10 L/d; SRT was changed from 5 to 20 d using a step size of 5 d; and dp was changed from 0.2 to 0.5 cm. It was observed from the theoretical results obtained that the removal of COD, TN, and TP from the wastewater was favored in the hybrid unit by increasing the CD or HRT and decreasing the porosity of anode.

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2015

Background: The quality of drinking water is an important environmental determinant of health. Wi... more Background: The quality of drinking water is an important environmental determinant of health. Widespread production and consumption of inadequately processed or contaminated packaged drinking water can lead to waterborne disease outbreaks. To safeguard public health, it is important that available packaged water is duly registered and regularly analysed. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of ten selected brands of sachet water produced and sold in Samaru Zaria metropolis. Materials and Methods: From the brands of sachet water being sold in samaru, ten most popular brands were identified and selected based on patronage by consumers and distributors. A total of 20 samples, two from each of the ten brands of sachet water were bought from water vendors every fortnight for 1 month (may - june 2013). Results: The total coliform count ranged from 2-18+/100 ml. Isolates were identified to be Klebsiella spp., 0[40%] Proteus spp., [30%] Pseudomonas spp. [20%] and Chromobacterium violaceum [10%]. All were negative for thermotolerant coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholera. Conclusion: The results of this study showed contamination with micro-organisms found naturally in water, soil or vegetation which indicates a problem with the overall quality of water production but showed no contamination with sewage or animal waste. Microbiological assessment of drinking water quality should be done periodically with the regulatory body National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) ensuring good quality assurance and maintenance of internationally defined drinking water standards.

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2012

The nanophotocatalytic process using semiconducting oxides with a nanostructure is one of the tec... more The nanophotocatalytic process using semiconducting oxides with a nanostructure is one of the technologies used for the destructive oxidation of organic compounds such as dyes. The photocatalytic oxidation of a textile dye-C. I. Basic Blue 41 (BB41) in aqueous solution was assessed by UV ray irradiation in the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH and TiO 2 loading were investigated and the optimized conditions for maximum amount of degradation were determined. Analysis of the kinetics showed pseudo-first-order model. The mineralization of the dye was reported by measuring the initial and final chemical oxygen demand of the solution that was irradiated under optimized conditions.

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013

The fate of end-of-life electronics (e-wastes) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity... more The fate of end-of-life electronics (e-wastes) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity and ever increasing volumes. Addressing these concerns requires proper management plans and strategy which in turn requires reliable estimates of e-waste generation in the present as well as future times. In this study, a material flow model for the analysis of e-waste generation from computer equipments in Nigeria has been developed. Data used to develop the model are the sales data from major distributors of electronics, usage time of computer equipments and transfer coefficients of the electronics from one stage to another. The analysis of individual flows of computer from the material flow model showed that the fate of obsolete computer equipments were storage (41%), reuse (35%) and direct disposal (24%). The projections of the flows for a period of 15 years also indicated that storage and reuse of computer equipments would be preferred over direct disposal; and computer equipments would continue to remain in either storage, re-use or gradually disposed off for about 11 years after its inflow. This delay or staggering disposal is of advantage as it would reduce the amount of e-waste disposed yearly and also afford the country some time to make plans to accommodate and manage the e-wastes generated more efficiently.

British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2012

Water reuse continues to rise as demand for fresh water supplies increases worldwide. By recyclin... more Water reuse continues to rise as demand for fresh water supplies increases worldwide. By recycling and reusing treated wastewater, communities and industries can save on the costs of clean water, ensure adequate supplies and help to preserve a diminishing natural resource. The increase in water reuse has been driven largely by innovative treatment technologies that are both cost effective and reliable in removing harmful bacteria and pathogens. Membrane technology offers several varied applications covering many aspects of the textile processing. These applications are unique because they provide a return on investment (ROI) while abating a water pollution problem. This paper presents descriptions of some of the uses membranes have in textile operations and their benefits, it also delivers a scientific and technical overview and useful information to scientists and engineers who work in this field.

American Chemical Science Journal, 2012

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. AG and FJG designed the study, pe... more This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. AG and FJG designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. BJI managed the analyses of the study. AG managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Annals of African Medicine, 2015

Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily... more Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily reliant on well water as the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic use due to inadequate provision of potable pipe borne water. These groundwater sources can easily be fecally contaminated and thus, increase the incidence and outbreaks of preventable waterborne diseases. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of some well waters in Samaru, Z. Materials and Methods: Samaru, Zaria located in Northern Nigeria, is a semi-urban university satellite town blessed with abundant ground and surface water. Five sampling sites were randomly selected for this study. A total of 10 samples: Two from each of the sites were collected fortnightly for 1 month (May-June, 2013). Samples were analyzed using presumptive multiple tube fermentation and confirmatory tests for total and fecal coliforms. The well water samples were also cultured for Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio chole. Results: The total coliform count for all the samples analyzed was >180+/100 ml. All the well water samples from the study locations were contaminated with one or more bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli 20%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 100% and Proteus mirabilis 40%. Salmonella, Shigella, or V. cholerae were not isolated from any of the well water samples. Conclusions: The results from this study showed contamination of all the wells studied with fecal coliforms thus, indicating the possible presence of other enteric pathogens and a potential source for waterborne disease outbreaks. Well water in Samaru is not safe for drinking without additional treatment like disinfection or boiling. Periodic testing and constant monitoring of well waters should also be done to meet up with the World Health Organization Standards in the provision of safe, clean drinking water.

Journal of Engineering, 2014

Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting proc... more Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization is important in determining the values of factors for which the response is at maximum. In this paper, response surface methodology was employed for the modeling and optimization of adsorption of phenol onto rice husk activated carbon. Among the action variables considered are activated carbon pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of phenol, while the response variables are removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the models developed. The outcome of this research showed that 99.79% and 99.81% of the variations in removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, respectively, are attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial phenol concentration. Therefore, the models can be used to predict the interaction of...

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which can be successfully us... more Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which can be successfully used to oxidize many organic pollutants present in aqueous systems. This research studied the photocatalytic degradation of C. I. Basic Blue 66 (BB 66) in the presence of TiO 2 P-25 Degussa as a photocatalyst. The influence of various parameters, such as mass of catalyst, initial concentration of dye and pH on the degradation process was examined. The degradation of the dye followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and decolourization was achieved within 80 min of light exposure. The mineralization of organic carbon was also evaluated by measuring the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the dye solutions.

Middle-East Journal of Scientific …, 2012

A comparative study has been made on the quality and performance of some selected foreign and loc... more A comparative study has been made on the quality and performance of some selected foreign and locally made furnishing fabrics. Properties, such as, fabric weight, fabric sett, thickness, yarn crimp, linear density, wettability, flammability, shrinkage, handle, drape, wash fastness, light fastness, tensile, soil retention, crease recovery, air-permeability and abrasion resistance were investigated. The results obtained show that these fabrics possess acceptable properties for their end-use suitability. The locally made fabrics are better in terms of wash fastness, fabric shrinkage, air permeability and abrasion resistance while the foreign fabrics are better in terms of crease recovery, drapeability, tensile properties, wettability, crimp, thickness, flammability and soil retention rating, fabric sett, fabric weight, light fastness and fabric handle. Also, the locally made fabrics favourably match up to the imported ones.

journal.au.edu

This work is carried out to investigate the spreading ability of some crude oil types by developi... more This work is carried out to investigate the spreading ability of some crude oil types by developing model equations for each of them based on the power law. Seven different types of crude oil are used for the tests. It is discovered from the results of the experiments that, among the crude oil types studied, Brass Light Mbede has the highest spreading rate while Heavy H crude oil type has the lowest. The good agreement between the experimental and estimated results from the simulation of the model equations developed reveals that the models developed describe the spreading behaviour of the crude oil types. Moreover, the results obtained from the observed Fvalues which were found to be greater than the critical F-value in each case of the crude oil types showed that the developed model equations are significant.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2017

Twelve (12) water quality parameters (turbidity, TDS, pH, Cl-, EC, DO, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen,... more Twelve (12) water quality parameters (turbidity, TDS, pH, Cl-, EC, DO, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Fe and Mn) were analyzed in River Kaduna, Nigeria on a monthly basis for a period of one year in 15 sampling locations using standard methods. The data obtained were used to develop Water Quality Index (WQI) across the 15 sampling locations. The WQI revealed that the water quality of 4 sampling locations were poor as their index values ranged between 17.77 to 25.47. On the other hand, the generalized water quality of the remaining 11 sampling locations was marginal as the index values ranged between 44.95 to 60.80. The index values of the various sampling locations were thereafter used as weights in mapping the WQI of the entire sampled portion of the river using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. The WQI of the entire river was suggestively ranked marginal as 11 sampling locations out of 15 (73.3%) fell into the marginal category. Hence, regulatory agencies were advised to check the anthropogenic activities along the watershed with more emphasis at the hot spot areas or locations that recorded poor WQI. © JASEM

American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2021

Ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-2-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-... more Ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-2-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl) diazenyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate and ethyl-4-((4-chlorophenyl) carbamoyl)-2-((5-cyano-1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)diazenyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate disperse dyes were synthesised in this study by the coupling reaction of synthesised ethyl 2-amino-4-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate with 6-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile and 1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile. Metal complexation of the synthesised disperse dyes with copper, cobalt and zinc metals were carried out. The structure of the synthesised intermediate, coupling components, dyes and their complexes were elucidated by analytical techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR), carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as the determination of their melting points. The molar extinction coefficient of the dyes and their complexes ranges from 24,800-83,200 Lmol-1 cm-1. The FTIR spectra of the synthesised dyes and their complexes showed the presence of cyano group in the range 2225-2229 cm-1 , carbonyl group in the range 1640-1692 cm-1 , hydroxyl group in the range 3310-3340 cm-1 , azo group in the range 1398-1491 cm-1 , stretching vibration of (N-H) in the range 3474-3478 cm-1 and stretching vibration of aromatic (C-H) in the range 2882-2989 cm-1. The dyeing performance of the dyes and their metal complex analogous were assessed on polyester and nylon 6.6 fabrics. The dyes and their complexes were found have good levelness, excellent fastness to perspiration and sublimation, good to excellent wash fastness and light fastness on both polyester and nylon 6.6 fabrics with different shades of violet and brown.

Iranica Journal of energy and environment, 2015

Activated carbon was produced from rice husk via thermal pretreatment preceding chemical modifica... more Activated carbon was produced from rice husk via thermal pretreatment preceding chemical modification with phosphoric acid. In order to study the effect of phosphoric acid modification, the characteristics of the activated carbon produced were determined before and after acid modification and subsequently compared. These characteristics include surface morphology, surface functional groups, surface area, average pore diameter and pore volume. Characterization results showed that modification of the thermally treated rice husk with phosphoric acid enhanced the surface area of the activated carbon from 12.47 to 102.4m 2 /g. The average pore diameter was also enhanced from 2.4 to 1.82nm. It also shows improvement in micropore volume from 0.0052 to 0.034cm 3 /g. SEM analysis confirmed the improvement in surface area and pore development resulting from the phosphoric acid modification while FTIR analysis revealed the existence of phosphorous-oxy-containing functional groups on the surface of the phosphoric acid modified activated carbon.

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2015

This study aimed at investigating the impact of operating conditions on the treatment performance... more This study aimed at investigating the impact of operating conditions on the treatment performance of an alternative method of wastewater treatment. The investigations were carried out in a hybrid reactor which combined simultaneous biodegradation of organic pollutants through microorganisms, membrane filtration through a submerged microfiltration (MF) membrane, and electrocoagulation process via application of electric field intermittently supplied. The theoretical investigations included mathematical modelling to determine the impact of the variations of process parameters such as current density (CD), hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and pore diameter of anode (dp) on the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) from raw municipal wastewater directly supplied from the main sewer (without pre or primary treatment) at Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. CD was varied between 5 and 20 A/m 2 with a step size of 10 A/m 2 ; HRT was varied by changing the influent flow rate between 20 and 50 L/d with a step size of 10 L/d; SRT was changed from 5 to 20 d using a step size of 5 d; and dp was changed from 0.2 to 0.5 cm. It was observed from the theoretical results obtained that the removal of COD, TN, and TP from the wastewater was favored in the hybrid unit by increasing the CD or HRT and decreasing the porosity of anode.

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2015

Background: The quality of drinking water is an important environmental determinant of health. Wi... more Background: The quality of drinking water is an important environmental determinant of health. Widespread production and consumption of inadequately processed or contaminated packaged drinking water can lead to waterborne disease outbreaks. To safeguard public health, it is important that available packaged water is duly registered and regularly analysed. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of ten selected brands of sachet water produced and sold in Samaru Zaria metropolis. Materials and Methods: From the brands of sachet water being sold in samaru, ten most popular brands were identified and selected based on patronage by consumers and distributors. A total of 20 samples, two from each of the ten brands of sachet water were bought from water vendors every fortnight for 1 month (may - june 2013). Results: The total coliform count ranged from 2-18+/100 ml. Isolates were identified to be Klebsiella spp., 0[40%] Proteus spp., [30%] Pseudomonas spp. [20%] and Chromobacterium violaceum [10%]. All were negative for thermotolerant coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholera. Conclusion: The results of this study showed contamination with micro-organisms found naturally in water, soil or vegetation which indicates a problem with the overall quality of water production but showed no contamination with sewage or animal waste. Microbiological assessment of drinking water quality should be done periodically with the regulatory body National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) ensuring good quality assurance and maintenance of internationally defined drinking water standards.

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2012

The nanophotocatalytic process using semiconducting oxides with a nanostructure is one of the tec... more The nanophotocatalytic process using semiconducting oxides with a nanostructure is one of the technologies used for the destructive oxidation of organic compounds such as dyes. The photocatalytic oxidation of a textile dye-C. I. Basic Blue 41 (BB41) in aqueous solution was assessed by UV ray irradiation in the presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH and TiO 2 loading were investigated and the optimized conditions for maximum amount of degradation were determined. Analysis of the kinetics showed pseudo-first-order model. The mineralization of the dye was reported by measuring the initial and final chemical oxygen demand of the solution that was irradiated under optimized conditions.

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013

The fate of end-of-life electronics (e-wastes) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity... more The fate of end-of-life electronics (e-wastes) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity and ever increasing volumes. Addressing these concerns requires proper management plans and strategy which in turn requires reliable estimates of e-waste generation in the present as well as future times. In this study, a material flow model for the analysis of e-waste generation from computer equipments in Nigeria has been developed. Data used to develop the model are the sales data from major distributors of electronics, usage time of computer equipments and transfer coefficients of the electronics from one stage to another. The analysis of individual flows of computer from the material flow model showed that the fate of obsolete computer equipments were storage (41%), reuse (35%) and direct disposal (24%). The projections of the flows for a period of 15 years also indicated that storage and reuse of computer equipments would be preferred over direct disposal; and computer equipments would continue to remain in either storage, re-use or gradually disposed off for about 11 years after its inflow. This delay or staggering disposal is of advantage as it would reduce the amount of e-waste disposed yearly and also afford the country some time to make plans to accommodate and manage the e-wastes generated more efficiently.

British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2012

Water reuse continues to rise as demand for fresh water supplies increases worldwide. By recyclin... more Water reuse continues to rise as demand for fresh water supplies increases worldwide. By recycling and reusing treated wastewater, communities and industries can save on the costs of clean water, ensure adequate supplies and help to preserve a diminishing natural resource. The increase in water reuse has been driven largely by innovative treatment technologies that are both cost effective and reliable in removing harmful bacteria and pathogens. Membrane technology offers several varied applications covering many aspects of the textile processing. These applications are unique because they provide a return on investment (ROI) while abating a water pollution problem. This paper presents descriptions of some of the uses membranes have in textile operations and their benefits, it also delivers a scientific and technical overview and useful information to scientists and engineers who work in this field.

American Chemical Science Journal, 2012

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. AG and FJG designed the study, pe... more This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. AG and FJG designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. BJI managed the analyses of the study. AG managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Annals of African Medicine, 2015

Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily... more Background: Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily reliant on well water as the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic use due to inadequate provision of potable pipe borne water. These groundwater sources can easily be fecally contaminated and thus, increase the incidence and outbreaks of preventable waterborne diseases. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of some well waters in Samaru, Z. Materials and Methods: Samaru, Zaria located in Northern Nigeria, is a semi-urban university satellite town blessed with abundant ground and surface water. Five sampling sites were randomly selected for this study. A total of 10 samples: Two from each of the sites were collected fortnightly for 1 month (May-June, 2013). Samples were analyzed using presumptive multiple tube fermentation and confirmatory tests for total and fecal coliforms. The well water samples were also cultured for Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio chole. Results: The total coliform count for all the samples analyzed was >180+/100 ml. All the well water samples from the study locations were contaminated with one or more bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli 20%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 100% and Proteus mirabilis 40%. Salmonella, Shigella, or V. cholerae were not isolated from any of the well water samples. Conclusions: The results from this study showed contamination of all the wells studied with fecal coliforms thus, indicating the possible presence of other enteric pathogens and a potential source for waterborne disease outbreaks. Well water in Samaru is not safe for drinking without additional treatment like disinfection or boiling. Periodic testing and constant monitoring of well waters should also be done to meet up with the World Health Organization Standards in the provision of safe, clean drinking water.

Journal of Engineering, 2014

Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting proc... more Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization is important in determining the values of factors for which the response is at maximum. In this paper, response surface methodology was employed for the modeling and optimization of adsorption of phenol onto rice husk activated carbon. Among the action variables considered are activated carbon pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of phenol, while the response variables are removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the models developed. The outcome of this research showed that 99.79% and 99.81% of the variations in removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, respectively, are attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial phenol concentration. Therefore, the models can be used to predict the interaction of...

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which can be successfully us... more Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which can be successfully used to oxidize many organic pollutants present in aqueous systems. This research studied the photocatalytic degradation of C. I. Basic Blue 66 (BB 66) in the presence of TiO 2 P-25 Degussa as a photocatalyst. The influence of various parameters, such as mass of catalyst, initial concentration of dye and pH on the degradation process was examined. The degradation of the dye followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and decolourization was achieved within 80 min of light exposure. The mineralization of organic carbon was also evaluated by measuring the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the dye solutions.

Middle-East Journal of Scientific …, 2012

A comparative study has been made on the quality and performance of some selected foreign and loc... more A comparative study has been made on the quality and performance of some selected foreign and locally made furnishing fabrics. Properties, such as, fabric weight, fabric sett, thickness, yarn crimp, linear density, wettability, flammability, shrinkage, handle, drape, wash fastness, light fastness, tensile, soil retention, crease recovery, air-permeability and abrasion resistance were investigated. The results obtained show that these fabrics possess acceptable properties for their end-use suitability. The locally made fabrics are better in terms of wash fastness, fabric shrinkage, air permeability and abrasion resistance while the foreign fabrics are better in terms of crease recovery, drapeability, tensile properties, wettability, crimp, thickness, flammability and soil retention rating, fabric sett, fabric weight, light fastness and fabric handle. Also, the locally made fabrics favourably match up to the imported ones.

journal.au.edu

This work is carried out to investigate the spreading ability of some crude oil types by developi... more This work is carried out to investigate the spreading ability of some crude oil types by developing model equations for each of them based on the power law. Seven different types of crude oil are used for the tests. It is discovered from the results of the experiments that, among the crude oil types studied, Brass Light Mbede has the highest spreading rate while Heavy H crude oil type has the lowest. The good agreement between the experimental and estimated results from the simulation of the model equations developed reveals that the models developed describe the spreading behaviour of the crude oil types. Moreover, the results obtained from the observed Fvalues which were found to be greater than the critical F-value in each case of the crude oil types showed that the developed model equations are significant.