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Papers by shamima abdul rahman

Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009

Topical antimicrobial agents are generally applied on wound to prevent or treat infections. Witho... more Topical antimicrobial agents are generally applied on wound to prevent or treat infections. Without proper treatment, the risk of wound infections may increase and cause accumulation of pus, which delays the healing process. In some circumstances, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections in wound may cause life-threatening condition that leads to death. Furthermore, bioactive constituents such as hydrogen peroxide in synthetic antimicrobial drugs are reported to be toxic to human cells. In response to the alarming concern regarding the cytotoxicity as well as the emergence of multi-resistant organisms with the decrease efficacy of antibiotics towards mankind has necessitated our study in revisiting traditional healing methods, hence, developing a wound cream that is cost-effective and contains non-toxic antimicrobial agent. The cream was developed by using fresh, pure Piper sarmentosum leaves extract. The plant was chosen as it is easier to grow, especially in t...

The management of chronic pain is one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Opiates such... more The management of chronic pain is one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Opiates such as morphine have been used to treat pain for centuries. However, the long term use of morphine is limited due to its side-effects. To date, a number of natural compounds have been detected to possess analgesic effects. One of these natural compound is mitragynine (MG) which is isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Mitragyna speciosa is popularly known as ‘ketum’ in Malaysia and ‘kratom’ in Thailand. Over 25 alkaloids are found in Mitragyna speciosa, MG being a major one. In this study, we investigated the action of MG as antinociceptive agent and the receptor selectivity effect. The nociceptive effect was estimated in a hot plate test (Ugo Basile model 7280; 50.0 oC). The latency time was estimated until the mice showed pain responses such as shaking, licking or jumping and the duration of latency was measured for every 15 minutes until 120 minutes. Male ICR mice (n=8/group) were admi...

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 2021

Piper sarmentosum, known as ‘kaduk’ has been traditionally used in different parts of the world t... more Piper sarmentosum, known as ‘kaduk’ has been traditionally used in different parts of the world to cure many diseases and ailments. It contains alkaloids and has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties like anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-tuberculosis, antioxidant, and antimalarial. This study aimed to evaluate the formulation of P. sarmentosum cream and exploring the antimicrobial properties in different types of cream formulation before in vivo study. The leaves extract of P. sarmentosum was obtained from the cold-soaked methanolic extraction method, evaporated, and dried to produce the powdered extract. Then, it was diluted into four different concentrations, 25% w/v, 50% w/v, 75% w/v, and 100% w/v for Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial screening. Based on the S. aureus antimicrobial screening, four types of creams were formulated (Cream A: cream base without Piper sarmentosum extract; Cream B: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) only; Cream C: Piper sarmentos...

Aim: A wide range of research has shown that knowledge retrieval practice results in improved ret... more Aim: A wide range of research has shown that knowledge retrieval practice results in improved retention. Does providing illustrations (containing an image and words) on a t-shirt enhance learning? And is this knowledge retained after a short(1 week) or long (1 year) delay?Method:A two-phase study was conducted, the initial phase used eye-tracking technique to compare the“image”and“word” attractiveness of two Autonomic nervous system (ANS) pharmacology learning materials on non-science students, the interventional phase used a pre, post and retention test to measure memory, application and lecture learning froma learning material printed on front and back of t-shirt. Results:Total Fixation Duration (TFD) on the 'Image' (3.96± 1.12 seconds) as the Area of interest (AOI) was longer compared to Design (2) (3.43±0.87), (t =36.52), p> 0.05. On the contrary, Design (2) had longer TFD (1.24±0.52) on the 'Words' AOI compared to Design (1) (0.99±0.64), t-test (t =37.48)p&gt...

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2003

Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, 2014

Drug resistance microorganisms have posed enormous public concern there is therefore a need to sc... more Drug resistance microorganisms have posed enormous public concern there is therefore a need to screen plants that could have the potency in the control of the pathogenic organisms. The extracts obtained from the Acalypha racemosa were screened for phytochemical properties and in vitro investigation of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, phlabatanins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Glycoside and cardiac glycoside, tannins and sterols were in traced amount. The in vitro antibacterial investigation of the crude extract was conducted. The studies showed that the plant contains compounds that have antibacterial activity. The extracts revealed greater potential against the test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 20-30 mm for methanol extract in the order Escherichia coli>Klebsiella pneumoniae>Proteus mirabilis>Bacillus subtilis>Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18-27mm for aqueous extract in the order Escherichia coli> Bacillus subtilis> Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa> Proteus mirabilis. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanol extract than the aqueous extract as indicated in the zones of inhibition with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in which there was no inhibition. The aqueous extract had effect on all the test bacteria although having zones of inhibition lower than the methanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both extracts range from 12.5-50 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range from 25-100 mg/ml. Escherichia coli was more susceptibility to both extracts and less was seen in the case of aqueous extract against Proteus mirabilis. The screening of the plant has revealed its potency in the treatment of pathogenic infections that may be caused by these pathogens.

Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is commonly known for its traditional use as a food supplement a... more Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is commonly known for its traditional use as a food supplement and for its medicinal values. P. granatum methanolic pulp and peel extract were investigated for its antidepressant activities on mice model of depression using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). P. granatum pulp and peel extract were administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively while fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally as the standard drug. The results showed that P. granatum pulp extract at 25 mg/kg significantly exhibited antidepressant activity in both TST and FST which able to reduce the immobility time, similar to fluoxetine, a recognized antidepressant drug. It is concluded that P. granatum methanolic extract has the ability as antidepressant-like agent. Further research is required to investigate the exact pharmacological mechanism of action of this fruit.

Heliyon, 2020

Erythroxylum cuneatum (E. cuneatum) which belongs to Erythroxylaceae family is a tropical floweri... more Erythroxylum cuneatum (E. cuneatum) which belongs to Erythroxylaceae family is a tropical flowering plant from the genus of Erythroxylum. It is used in Malaysia and Thailand's traditional medicines, yet there is limited scientific reports on its medicinal value. This study aimed at exploring the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of E. cuneatum alkaloid leaf extract. The alkaloid extract was obtained through Soxhlet heat extraction method, while the antioxidantive properties were assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and xanthine oxidase inhibition (XOI) assays. Further, anti-inflammatory property of the extract was evaluated on rat's model of carrageenan induced paw model of edema via physical measurements and histology. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity with an EC 50 value of 1482 μg/ml in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, an EC 1 value of 2191 μg/ml in the FRAP assay and 10.15 AE 6.20% in the XOI assay. Rats pretreated with the extract have shown dose dependent decrease in paw edema when compared to non-treated group of rats. The highest dose (50 mg/kg) of extract exhibited similar effects to aspirin in terms of reducing paw thickness, leucocytes infiltration and disruption of collagen. In conclusion, the E. cuneatum alkaloid leaf extract possesses both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties suggesting its potentials for future development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs.

The Natural Products Journal, 2018

Objectives: Erythroxylum cuneatum is a plant that belongs to the family of Erythroxylaceae. It is... more Objectives: Erythroxylum cuneatum is a plant that belongs to the family of Erythroxylaceae. It is locally known as "Chinta mula" and found around Southeast Asia. This study identified the active phytochemicals and antioxidant properties in various extracts derived from dried leaves of Erythroxylum cuneatum. Methods: The tests of phytochemical screening included extracts of ethanol, acetone, hexane and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results: The phytochemical screening of Erythroxylum cuneatum dried leaves revealed the presence of phenolic compounds namely flavonoids, tannins and total phenols. Alkaloids and saponins were also detected. The antioxidant activity of the examined extracts varies depending on the solvent used. Generally, acetone extract showed highest total phenolic content with a value of 2228 µg GAE/g and highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 1020.00 µg/ml compared to the standard ascorbic acid of 304.44 µg/ml. Ethanol extract exhibited high hydrogen peroxide activity with IC50 of 83.09 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study showed that acetone extract contains highest phenolic compounds and both ethanol and acetone extracts are a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 2016

The demand of herbal medicine has been increasing for the purpose of reducing the side effects of... more The demand of herbal medicine has been increasing for the purpose of reducing the side effects of modern medicine. Melicope ptelefolia (M. ptelefolia) is a local Malaysian plant claimed to have many benefits for health. This study was performed to evaluate the potential of M. ptelefolia root extract as anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents in rats. The anti-nociceptive activity of M. ptelefolia root extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion test, while the anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema test. M. ptelefolia root extract significantly inhibited the pain stimulant in acetic acidinduced writhing test, however it did not exert any significant change in the tail immersion test. Nevertheless, the mean reaction time in tail immersion test of M. ptelefolia root extract increased as the doses of extract increased. Furthermore, M. ptelefolia root extract at both doses showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing paw edema volume (p < 0.05). In conclusion, methanol root extract of M. ptelefolia possesses anti-inflammatory effects and anti-nociceptive effects in rats.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2012

Cannabinoids and opioids systems share numerous pharmacological properties and antinociception is... more Cannabinoids and opioids systems share numerous pharmacological properties and antinociception is one of them. Previous findings have shown that mitragynine (MG), a major indole alkaloid found in Mitragyna speciosa (MS) can exert its antinociceptive effects through the opioids system. In the present study, the action of MG was investigated as the antinociceptive agent acting on Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and effects on the opioids receptor. The latency time was recorded until the mice showed pain responses such as shaking, licking or jumping and the duration of latency was measured for 2 h at every 15 min interval by hot plate analysis. To investigate the beneficial effects of MG as antinociceptive agent, it was administered intraperitoneally 15 min prior to pain induction with a single dosage (3, 10, 15, 30, and 35 mg/kg b.wt). In this investigation, 35 mg/kg of MG showed significant increase in the latency time and this dosage was used in the antagonist receptor study. The treated groups were administered with AM251 (cannabinoid receptor-1 antagonist), naloxone (non-selective opioid antagonist), naltrindole (δ-opioid antagonist) naloxonazine (µ 1-receptor antagonist) and norbinaltorpimine (κ-opioid OPEN ACCESS antagonist) respectively, prior to administration of MG (35 mg/kg). The results showed that the antinociceptive effect of MG was not antagonized by AM251; naloxone and naltrindole were effectively blocked; and norbinaltorpimine partially blocked the antinociceptive effect of MG. Naloxonazine did inhibit the effect of MG, but it was not statistically significant. These results demonstrate that CB1 does not directly have a role in the antinociceptive action of MG where the effect was observed with the activation of opioid receptor.

Phytomedicine, 2011

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves have been used for decades as a traditional medicine to treat di... more Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves have been used for decades as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, diabetes and to improve blood circulation by natives of Malaysia, Thailand and other regions of Southeast Asia. Mitragynine is the major active alkaloid in the plant. To date, the role of mitragynine in psychological disorders such as depression is not scientifically evaluated. Hence, the present investigation evaluates the antidepressant effect of mitragynine in the mouse forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), two models predictive of antidepressant activity and the effect of mitragynine towards neuroendocrine system of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by measuring the corticosterone concentration of mice exposed to FST and TST. An open-field test (OFT) was used to detect any association of immobility in the FST and TST with changes in motor activity of mice treated with mitragynine. In the present study, mitragynine at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg i.p. injected significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both FST and TST without any significant effect on locomotor activity in OFT. Moreover, mitragynine significantly reduced the released of corticosterone in mice exposed to FST and TST at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrated that mitragynine exerts an antidepressant effect in animal behavioral model of depression (FST and TST) and the effect appears to be mediated by an interaction with neuroendocrine HPA axis systems.