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Papers by abdurrazaq taiwo

Experiences and challenges in a developing country. Turk J Plast Surg 2018;26:169-73

Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2020

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the 2nd most common craniofacial birth defect after cleft lip and ... more Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the 2nd most common craniofacial birth defect after cleft lip and palate. It is said to arise from the 1st & 2nd intrauterine branchial arches. HFM is believed by many experts to be congenital but not inherited as most patients afflicted have no previous family history. It also known as craniofacial microstomia with cranial involvement. The real cause is unknown but largely blamed on hemorrhage of the stapaedial artery. The phenotypic expression is variable from mild to severe involving many structures such as bone, nerve, muscular tissues and soft tissue. Facial structures commonly affected include the ears, the mouth and the mandible. Mostly unilateral but bilateral have been reported. However, not much is known about this condition in sub-Saharan Africa. Multidisciplinary team management is the general consensus for optimal care. Awareness in sub-Saharan Africa of this disorder is still evolving. This review identifies various classifications, diagn...

Assessment of cleft lip and palate surgeries at a nigerian teaching hospital

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013

Unusual case of maxillofacial injury secondary to camel aggression and attack during phlebotomy: Report of two cases

African Journal of Trauma, 2016

The camel is a very docile animal used extensively in the Northern region of Nigeria for farming,... more The camel is a very docile animal used extensively in the Northern region of Nigeria for farming, transport, and others. It is rarely implicated in the literature as an etiological factor for facial fracture. Hence, the aim of this report is to highlight the unusual presentation of mandibular, zygomatic, and orbital blowout fractures caused by camel aggression and discuss the various challenges involved in its management. The camel though docile should be carefully handled, especially during phlebotomy and rutting period to avoid any mishap.

Challenges in the management of cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria

Journal of Clinical Sciences, 2016

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal tissue infec... more Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal tissue infection with primary involvement of the subcutaneous fascia and resultant necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with relative sparing of the underlying muscles and bones. It pursues a fulminant, unrelenting course if treatment is not instituted early and aggressively. The aim of this paper was to document the clinical features and challenges encountered in the management of cervicofacial NF (CNF) in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. In addition, the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the duration of disease at presentation and length of hospital stay was tested. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of cases of CNF managed between December 2014 and November 2015 at our center was done. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved. Patients were managed in strict adherence to the established hospital protocol. Results: Thirteen cases managed for CNF were included in this study, all of whom were of low socioeconomic status. The duration of symptoms before presentation ranged from 2 to 21 days with a mean (΁standard deviation [SD]) of 7.6 (5.2). The length of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 44 days, with a mean (΁SD) of 19.5 (11.3). A statistically significant correlation between the duration of disease before presentation and length of hospital stay was observed (P < 0.05). Conclusion: NF, though rarely seen in some climes, is still a present health challenge in our environment. Despite improvements in healthcare indices, the associated morbidity and mortality rate is still quite high. The management of CNF in a resource-limited environment like ours presents grim challenges.

Postoperative sequelae following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third-molar extraction using the complete closure versus the sutureless techniques

Journal of West African College of Surgeons

Background: Wound closure techniques affect the severity of inflammatory complications that ensue... more Background: Wound closure techniques affect the severity of inflammatory complications that ensue following surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar (M3). The choice of the technique remains a topic for discussion because reports regarding their associated sequelae are split. This study therefore compares the pain, swelling and trismus in the complete closure and the sutureless/non-closure techniques. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, randomised clinical study carried out at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery department of a tertiary hospital. A total of 74 participants requiring impacted mandibular M3 extractions were randomised into a complete closure group and a sutureless technique group. They were subjected to the procedure under similar technique and conditions and followed up for a week to assess their experiences of pain, swelling and trismus. Variables were recorded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 25.0. The critical level of significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: The sutureless group had statistically significantly higher postoperative pain on days 1, 3, 4 and 5 (P &lt; 0.05) and lesser severity of trismus on day 7 (P &lt; 0.05) than the complete closure group. There was no significant difference in swelling. Conclusion: Compared with the complete closure group, the sutureless group had similar severity of swelling, less trismus but had higher pain severity in the week following M3 surgery.

Nigerian Dental Journal

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and Ossifying fibroma (OF) of the jaws belong to a group of lesions called... more Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and Ossifying fibroma (OF) of the jaws belong to a group of lesions called benign fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial skeleton (BFOL). This group of intraosseous disease processes which are comparable in their microscopic features are characterized by hypercellular fibroblastic stroma containing various combinations of bone or cementum-like tissue and other calcified structures. Of these lesions, FD and OF are the most closely related, and although FD is recognized as a harmatomatous lesion and OF a tumour, these lesions are difficult to distinguish both clinically and histologically from each other. This review of current literature aims to highlight emerging features clinically, genetically and histologically that can help in distinguishing these two lesions.

Permanent teeth loss: A 5-year retrospective analysis of the patterns and indications of intra-alveolar exodontia in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2022

Comparing the Immediate Quality of Life Using Complete Closure and Non-Closure Techniques in Third Molar Surgery

INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2023

Coronectomy of deeply impacted mandibular third molars: Socio-demographics and sequelae after one year evaluation in a Saudi Arabian Sub-population

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology

Descriptive Epidemiology of Odontogenic Tumors in Nigeria: An African Oral Pathology Research Consortium Multicenter Study

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2020

Background: Many studies have investigated the burden of odontogenic tumor (OT) in Nigeria; howev... more Background: Many studies have investigated the burden of odontogenic tumor (OT) in Nigeria; however, the true burden and prevalence of these lesions are not known because these studies are based on a center/region. Aims: Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the true burden of OTs in Nigeria, using a multicenter approach. Materials and Methods: This is a 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study of OT seen in eight tertiary health institutions in different geographic locations in Nigeria. Results: A total of 990 cases were included in this study. The highest prevalence of OT was in the third decade of life (n = 274, 27.7%). Most lesions were benign (n = 961, 97.1%), with a slight male preponderance; and the mandible was the commonest site (n = 814, 82.2%). There were a significant association between the diagnosed OTs and the age group and site (P = 0.002 and 0.031, respectively). Conclusion: OTs showed a slightly higher preponderance in males, occurring mostly in the third decade. Benign lesions were frequent and ameloblastoma was the commonest OT. Variations exist in the occurrence of OTs from the different geographic locations in Nigeria. This study essentially sheds a broader light on the clinicopathological distribution of OTs across Nigeria, using a large multicenter approach.

Surgical difficulty assessment in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction. A single center evaluation in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Dental Research and Review, 2021

Introduction: The evaluation of surgical difficulty preoperatively is important during mandibular... more Introduction: The evaluation of surgical difficulty preoperatively is important during mandibular third molar (MTM) extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the difficulty index for the removal of impacted MTM using Pederson difficulty index (PDI), Parant Scale (PS), and total operation time (TOT). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of patients referred for the extraction of impacted MTM between April, 2019 and July, 2020. Estimated level of difficulty was done before a standardized surgery using the PDI and classified as: Minimally difficult (I), moderately difficult (II), and very difficult (III). Intraoperatively, it was classified as extraction requiring ostectomy only (II); extraction requiring ostectomy and coronal section (III); and complex extraction requiring coronal and root sectioning (IV) using the Modified PS. TOT was recorded by a resident with stopwatch. Results: A total of 502 patients (203 [40.4%] males and 299 [59.6%] females) with an M:F of 1:1.5....

$Research paper thumbnail of Impure orbital blowout fractures: Our experience and challenges$

Impure orbital blowout fractures: Our experience and challenges

Saudi Surgical Journal, 2017

Orbital floor fractures are a common result of facial trauma. They may occur as isolated fracture... more Orbital floor fractures are a common result of facial trauma. They may occur as isolated fractures after localized blunt trauma or as part of massive facial trauma. Common clinical feature of orbital blowout fracture includes diplopia, enophthalmos, and hypoglobus. There have been debates over the type of materials used in the reconstruction of orbital blowout fractures and time of surgery. We report our experience and challenges with the investigation and repair of impure orbital floor fractures, especially in resource-scarce environment.

African Health Sciences, 2019

Background: Reconstruction of mandibular defects can be challenging because an acceptable aesthet... more Background: Reconstruction of mandibular defects can be challenging because an acceptable aesthetic and functional outcome must be achieved simultaneously.Aim: To evaluate the pattern of mandibulectomy and reconstruction materials used in the reconstruction of mandibular defects.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of mandibulectomies with reconstruction in Sokoto, Nigeria between 2012 and 2016. Data such as demographics, type of tumour, type of resection and type of reconstruction materials used were extracted and stored.Results: Fifty-two cases of mandibulectomies were done comprising 24 males and 28 females (ratio 1:1.2). Age ranged 5-80 years with mean±SD (37.8±15). Most of the cases 30 (57.7%) were on the right. There are 35 (67.3%) benign and 17 (32.7%) malignant cases. Thirty (57.7%) lateral, 16 (30.8%) condylar, 1 (1.9%) central and 5 (9.6%) combined mandibular defects were seen. Reconstruction plate alone was used in 11 (21.2%) cases, reconstruction plate w...

Orofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma: A 5-year Clinicopathologic Study from Sub-Saharan Africa

Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal, 2018

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Its... more Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Its common sites of occurrence are the extremities and the genitourinary system, being less frequently seen in the orofacial region. There is paucity of literature, especially from sub-Saharan Africa on orofacial RMS. Materials and Methods: Records of all patients managed for orofacial RMS between January 2013 and November 2017 at the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial surgery of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital were obtained. Data retrieved include sociodemographics, clinical features (including the tumor, node, and metastasis [TNM] stage and Intergroup RMS Study risk classification), histological type, and mode of treatment. Data were recorded and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20 (Armonk, IBM Corp., NY, USA). Results: Twenty-one patients were included. There were 17 (81.0%) males and 4 (19.1%) females, giving a male-to-female ratio of 4.3:1. Age ranged from 2 to 76 years (mean [±standard deviation] of 15.8 [±16.8]). Majority of them belonged to the low socioeconomic group. The duration of the symptoms ranged from 2 to 9 months. The midface was the most commonly involved sites. Majority of the cases were nonparameningeal 14 (66.7%). Regional nodal metastasis was clinically present in 9 (42.9%) cases. Embryonal RMS was the most frequently encountered histological type (11 [52.4%]). Treatment was multimodal in 11 (52.4%) cases and 3 (14.1%) had recurrence. Conclusion: Orofacial RMS may occur in any age group although it may be more commonly seen in the first decade of life. Unimodal treatment may be successfully deployed in carefully selected cases. Prognosis remains poor in our climes.

Prevalence of dental caries and pattern of sugar consumption among junior secondary school students in Northcentral Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences, 2016

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old JSS ... more Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old JSS pupils in the local government and the correlation with refined carbohydrate consumption pattern. Patients and Methods: A dental survey (The World Health Organization [WHO] “pathfinder” survey) was conducted utilizing five private junior secondary schools (JSS) and ten public JSS with pupils of JSS 1–3. These schools were chosen by a simple random sampling from the five geographical areas of the local government. All participants had dental examination for oral hygiene and dental caries experience using the decayed (D), missing (M), filled (F), and treated (T) teeth (DMFT) codes, respectively. Results: A total number of 394 JSS pupils were examined in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State. A low caries prevalent level of 34% (DMFT ≥1) was observed. The mean DMFT for the study population was 0.69 (+1.2). This is better than the WHO. maximum of 3DMFT by the age of 12 years. The mean DMFT for male pupils was 0.66 (+1.2) and for female 0.72 (+1.2) (P = 0.592). This observed difference was not statistically significant. However, the mean DMFT for public schools was 0.80 (+1.3) and for private schools, it was 0.36 (+0.83) (P = 0.00104). This observed difference was statistically significant. There appears to be no statistically significant association between DMFT and frequency of consumption of confectionaries generally. Conclusion: There is a higher caries level among students in public secondary schools compared to those in private secondary schools in the local government.

Risk factors and mortality rate of acute cancrum oris (noma) in Sokoto North-West Nigeria: A 13-year survey

Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2017

Noma is commonly seen in children with extreme poverty, severe malnutrition, and limited access t... more Noma is commonly seen in children with extreme poverty, severe malnutrition, and limited access to quality health care. To review the records of children with acute noma and associated risk factors at Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto, North-West Nigeria. A retrospective study of acute noma at NOMA Children Hospital, Sokoto between 1999 and 2011. Age, gender, associated risk factors, and number of deaths were retrieved and data analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 20 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation, NY, USA). Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between risk factor and mortality. Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. A total of 159 cases had acute cancrum oris during the study. Mean age was 3.34 ± 2.2. There is female preponderance with a female to male ratio of 1.24:1. Measles as risk factor constitute the majority of the patients 75 (47.2%), followed by protein-energy-malnutrition 67 (42.1%). No risk factor in 11 (6.9%) cases. One hundred and twenty patients (75.5%) survived the disease while 29 (18.2%) died. Measles and malnutrition have been identified as the most common risk factors, and mortality rate of 24.5% reported. Efforts should be made by medical professionals to correct acute malnutrition.

Gnathic osteosarcoma: An analysis of a single-institutional experience

Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU), 2018

INTRODUCTION: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone malignancy characterized by osteoid form... more INTRODUCTION: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone malignancy characterized by osteoid formation. It typically affects long bones, rarely affecting the jaws. OS of the jaws accounts has an estimated incidence of 0.7 per million. Reports of gnathic osteosarcoma from sub-Saharan Africa are few and to the best of our knowledge there is none from Northwestern Nigeria. This study aims to present our experience with gnathic osteosarcoma in our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the records of patients managed on account of histologically diagnosed gnathic osteosarcoma at the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, between March, 2010 and March, 2017 was done. Data were recorded and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.). RESULTS: A total of 431 Oral and Maxillofacial lesions were biopsied during the study period, out of which 17 (3.9%) were histologically diagnosed as osteosarcoma. Majority of the patients presented with a chief complaint of jaw swelling 9 (52.9%). The most frequently encountered histological type was the osteoblastic type 9 (52.9%). High grade tumours constituted 10 (58.8%). The patients were followed up for varying periods and recurrences were observed in 3 cases. Five (29.4%) mortalities were recorded. CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity of gnathic osteosarcomas, they still pose a daunting challenge in Oral and Maxillofacial practice. Patients often present with complaints of facial swelling, bleeding or pain. Late presentation is common in our environment and multi-modal treatment plan is often preferable.

Neck dissection: Clinicosurgical appraisal of 21 cases in a sub-Saharan African tertiary referral hospital

Journal of Clinical Sciences, 2018

Background: Neck dissection constitutes an essential part of overall management of cancer of the ... more Background: Neck dissection constitutes an essential part of overall management of cancer of the head-and-neck region. Once the tumor involves neck nodes, survival drops by almost 50%. The aim of this present study is to present our experience in neck dissections. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of neck dissection carried out in the department of dental and maxillofacial surgery of a tertiary referral hospital. Information retrieved includes age, sex, diagnosis, type of primary surgery, type of neck dissection, complications, and prognosis. Data were stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 21 neck dissections were carried out during the study period. The patients' age ranged from 23 to 72 years with a mean ± standard deviation of 55.1 ± 11.9. There are 12 (57%) males and 9 (42.9%) females with an M:F ratio of 1.3:1. Squamous cell carcinoma (14 [66.7%]) was the main indication for neck dissection. Modified radical neck dissection (RND) (Type 1) was the commonest type of neck dissection carried out (7 [33.3%]), while 4 (19.0%) cases and 3 (14.3%) cases of modified RND Type II and Type III, respectively, were performed. Three (14.3%) cases of selective neck dissection (SND) (Type III) and one (4.8%) case of SND (Type II) were performed. Extended neck dissections were carried out in three (14.3%) patients. Overall, 11 (52.4%) patients survived, while 7 (33.3%) were lost to follow-up and 3 (14.3%) passed away. Conclusion: Patient selection is essential in neck dissection in the overall management of oncologic head-and-neck diseases.

European journal of dentistry

Tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure in dental clinics. It has been shown that the ... more Tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure in dental clinics. It has been shown that the reasons for and pattern of tooth extraction vary across geographical regions. Few reports on the pattern of extraction among a semi-urban populace exist. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the pattern and reasons for tooth mortality from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria, which is a semi-urban region. A review of the records of patients that had tooth extraction at our center between January 2009 and January 2016, was done. Data such as the age, gender, type of tooth extracted, and reasons for extraction were retrieved and analyzed. Cross tabulations for age and gender were also made. The level of statistical significance was set at < 0.05. A total of 1167 extractions were performed in 984 patients. An age range of 18-107 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 34.8 (13.3) was observed. Most of the patients were in the 21-30 years age group accounting for 35.7% of cases....