azeem aleem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by azeem aleem
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 2016
There is much international research on the different types of fraud committed by individuals and... more There is much international research on the different types of fraud committed by individuals and/or organised crime. There is, however, limited research on insurance fraud and a particular species of such fraud which has become known as ‘cash-for-crash’ fraud in the United Kingdom. In addition, there are very few published studies of fraudsters which actually draw upon interviews with them. This article bridges both of these gaps providing a focus upon ‘cash-for-crash’ fraudsters which is based upon empirical research drawn from six interviews with such offenders and a database of over 400 offenders built upon successful prosecutions of such cases in the United Kingdom. This article offers a profile of such offenders and presents insights into why and how some people might become involved in ‘cash-for-crash’ type frauds.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
The first documented case of corruption in international sport is attributed to the athlete Eupol... more The first documented case of corruption in international sport is attributed to the athlete Eupolos of Thessalia (Maennig, 2005). There are also records of corruption of ‘sports management’ and administration in the ancient Olympics (Decker, 1995). Then, as now, however, there is no ‘specific class’ of people (Dittenhofer, 1995) that commits acts of fraud and corruption. As we have already illustrated, fraud and corruption is committed by athletes, sports administrators, professional coaches and managers working in or as individuals for sporting bodies; some of the examples in this book examine fraud and corruption in specific sports in more depth, but for now our attention is on why people involved in the world of sport commit acts of fraud and corruption.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
There is a wealth of literature on the sociology of sport (Newman, 1968, Taylor, 1971; Newman, 19... more There is a wealth of literature on the sociology of sport (Newman, 1968, Taylor, 1971; Newman, 1972; Dunning and Sheard, 1979; Chinn, 1991; Philips and Tomlinson, 1992; Giulianotti, 1999; Dunning, 1999; Horne et al., 1999; Hoberman, 2001; Gutmann, 2004; Dimeo, 2007; Giulianotti and Robertson, 2009; Millward, 2011; Spaaij, 2012; McGuire, 2012; Horne et al., 2012; Dennis and Grix, 2012). This covers a range of specific sociological, political and cultural issues in sport, such as racism, gambling, images of sport, globalisation and club ownership. The focus of this book, however, is the reach and depth of individual and organisational fraud and corruption in sport; as such, we see it as a pioneering study of the subject and hope that it provides a contribution to the wealth of ongoing sociological debates and the world of sport.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
In the Introduction we claimed that this book is a pioneer of the subject of the depth and range ... more In the Introduction we claimed that this book is a pioneer of the subject of the depth and range of fraud and corruption in sport and a contribution to debates in the sociology of sport. As we have illustrated, sporting institutions have appeared to either be unable to prevent most fraud and corruption, are involved in it, or simply ignore the problem. There are numerous articles explaining and highlighting the key elements of a counter-fraud strategy (Brooks et al., 2009, Button and Brooks, 2009, Button et al., 2012; Brooks and Button, 2012) in other academic ‘disciplines’, and these were referred to in this book, where relevant. There is also growing body of work (see Brooks et al., 2009; Button and Brooks, 2009), on fraud and corruption in the public and private sectors around the world; it has, however, yet to reach the world of sport to the same extent.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Security Journal, 2013
Reliance on technology presents one of the weakest links in contemporary organisational security,... more Reliance on technology presents one of the weakest links in contemporary organisational security, as certain threats can fall into the functional gaps between physical and information technology (IT) security departments. These can be described as 'converged threats' when an IT-based attack delivers an impact, such as a virus attack that halts the operation of critical infrastructure, or a physical attack on a system that compromises the security of data, such as an intruder or dishonest employee installing devices on computers to enable the stealing of electronic data. The aim of this article is to present and reflect on a converged approach to organisational security risk management as a means of addressing blended threats. We discuss this idea of converged security in the context of wider trends towards enterprise-wide approaches to risk management, and present a model demonstrating how converged security can be undertaken without a fundamental restructuring of these two key functions.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
In this chapter we examine the extent of fraud and corruption in sport. As Chapter 2 illustrated,... more In this chapter we examine the extent of fraud and corruption in sport. As Chapter 2 illustrated, fraud and corruption are difficult to define and, as such, this will affect the extent to which fraud and corruption in sport can be measured. We do not hold the view, however, that it is impossible to measure fraud to some extent (Levi, 2008); it is more the case of how it is measured that is a problem (see Gee et al., 2009, 2010, 2011; Mendez and Sepulveda, 2009). Fraud, like all crime, and especially corruption, are nonetheless difficult to measure, and this is further compounded by the lack of interest and limitations that sporting bodies have in recognising and then dealing with this problem, as the cases throughout the book will show. The majority of sporting bodies often fail to accept that sport is a victim of fraud or corruption, play down the potential for fraud and corruption or claim that fraud and corruption is under control. This, as we will demonstrate, is far from the truth. Even if these sporting bodies accept the threat fraud and corruption have on the integrity and commercial revenue of sport (Gorse and Chadwick, 2012), the starting point is to record and measure the cases of fraud and corruption and put measures in place that reduce and counteract such a threat.
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 2016
There is much international research on the different types of fraud committed by individuals and... more There is much international research on the different types of fraud committed by individuals and/or organised crime. There is, however, limited research on insurance fraud and a particular species of such fraud which has become known as ‘cash-for-crash’ fraud in the United Kingdom. In addition, there are very few published studies of fraudsters which actually draw upon interviews with them. This article bridges both of these gaps providing a focus upon ‘cash-for-crash’ fraudsters which is based upon empirical research drawn from six interviews with such offenders and a database of over 400 offenders built upon successful prosecutions of such cases in the United Kingdom. This article offers a profile of such offenders and presents insights into why and how some people might become involved in ‘cash-for-crash’ type frauds.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
The first documented case of corruption in international sport is attributed to the athlete Eupol... more The first documented case of corruption in international sport is attributed to the athlete Eupolos of Thessalia (Maennig, 2005). There are also records of corruption of ‘sports management’ and administration in the ancient Olympics (Decker, 1995). Then, as now, however, there is no ‘specific class’ of people (Dittenhofer, 1995) that commits acts of fraud and corruption. As we have already illustrated, fraud and corruption is committed by athletes, sports administrators, professional coaches and managers working in or as individuals for sporting bodies; some of the examples in this book examine fraud and corruption in specific sports in more depth, but for now our attention is on why people involved in the world of sport commit acts of fraud and corruption.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
There is a wealth of literature on the sociology of sport (Newman, 1968, Taylor, 1971; Newman, 19... more There is a wealth of literature on the sociology of sport (Newman, 1968, Taylor, 1971; Newman, 1972; Dunning and Sheard, 1979; Chinn, 1991; Philips and Tomlinson, 1992; Giulianotti, 1999; Dunning, 1999; Horne et al., 1999; Hoberman, 2001; Gutmann, 2004; Dimeo, 2007; Giulianotti and Robertson, 2009; Millward, 2011; Spaaij, 2012; McGuire, 2012; Horne et al., 2012; Dennis and Grix, 2012). This covers a range of specific sociological, political and cultural issues in sport, such as racism, gambling, images of sport, globalisation and club ownership. The focus of this book, however, is the reach and depth of individual and organisational fraud and corruption in sport; as such, we see it as a pioneering study of the subject and hope that it provides a contribution to the wealth of ongoing sociological debates and the world of sport.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
In the Introduction we claimed that this book is a pioneer of the subject of the depth and range ... more In the Introduction we claimed that this book is a pioneer of the subject of the depth and range of fraud and corruption in sport and a contribution to debates in the sociology of sport. As we have illustrated, sporting institutions have appeared to either be unable to prevent most fraud and corruption, are involved in it, or simply ignore the problem. There are numerous articles explaining and highlighting the key elements of a counter-fraud strategy (Brooks et al., 2009, Button and Brooks, 2009, Button et al., 2012; Brooks and Button, 2012) in other academic ‘disciplines’, and these were referred to in this book, where relevant. There is also growing body of work (see Brooks et al., 2009; Button and Brooks, 2009), on fraud and corruption in the public and private sectors around the world; it has, however, yet to reach the world of sport to the same extent.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Security Journal, 2013
Reliance on technology presents one of the weakest links in contemporary organisational security,... more Reliance on technology presents one of the weakest links in contemporary organisational security, as certain threats can fall into the functional gaps between physical and information technology (IT) security departments. These can be described as 'converged threats' when an IT-based attack delivers an impact, such as a virus attack that halts the operation of critical infrastructure, or a physical attack on a system that compromises the security of data, such as an intruder or dishonest employee installing devices on computers to enable the stealing of electronic data. The aim of this article is to present and reflect on a converged approach to organisational security risk management as a means of addressing blended threats. We discuss this idea of converged security in the context of wider trends towards enterprise-wide approaches to risk management, and present a model demonstrating how converged security can be undertaken without a fundamental restructuring of these two key functions.
Fraud, Corruption and Sport, 2013
In this chapter we examine the extent of fraud and corruption in sport. As Chapter 2 illustrated,... more In this chapter we examine the extent of fraud and corruption in sport. As Chapter 2 illustrated, fraud and corruption are difficult to define and, as such, this will affect the extent to which fraud and corruption in sport can be measured. We do not hold the view, however, that it is impossible to measure fraud to some extent (Levi, 2008); it is more the case of how it is measured that is a problem (see Gee et al., 2009, 2010, 2011; Mendez and Sepulveda, 2009). Fraud, like all crime, and especially corruption, are nonetheless difficult to measure, and this is further compounded by the lack of interest and limitations that sporting bodies have in recognising and then dealing with this problem, as the cases throughout the book will show. The majority of sporting bodies often fail to accept that sport is a victim of fraud or corruption, play down the potential for fraud and corruption or claim that fraud and corruption is under control. This, as we will demonstrate, is far from the truth. Even if these sporting bodies accept the threat fraud and corruption have on the integrity and commercial revenue of sport (Gorse and Chadwick, 2012), the starting point is to record and measure the cases of fraud and corruption and put measures in place that reduce and counteract such a threat.