ali zafarzadeh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by ali zafarzadeh

Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, Jun 1, 2014

Background: Microorganisms in hospitals are known as potential sources of infection for patients ... more Background: Microorganisms in hospitals are known as potential sources of infection for patients and staff. These factors are grown in the hospital environment are on patient care equipment and may be transmitted to patients by direct or indirect contact. This study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of surfaces in different wards in panjom Azar hospital of Gorgan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, different wards of panjom Azar educational hospital including ICU, dialysis and surgery room were investigated. Samples were collected randomly, for three months from July to September 2014, from beds, oxygen masks, oxygen manometer, patient table, covers of the patient's medical records, nurse's desk, border walls and water tap. Samples were then cultured on blood agar and EMB agar. In order to determine the bacteria type, specific culture media with specific biochemical tests and diagnostic disks were used. Results: Results showed that from 216 samples collected from the levels, the 190 cases (88%) had microbial contamination. Most of the recognized bacteria were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and klebsiela. Results of microbial culture of equipments and levels were positive in case of bacterial contamination and maximum contamination was observed in the dialysis ward of the hospital. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high detected contamination, contamination control of levels and patient care equipments could considered as an effective action in reducing nosocomial infections. Thus, using appropriate disinfectant equipment, monitoring the disinfectants preparation, continuous monitoring and detection of common microorganisms are the most important ways for infection control in hospitals.

Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 2016

Muhandisī-i Bihdāsht-i Muḥīṭ, 2014

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, different wards of panjom Azar educational hospital inclu... more Methods: In this cross-sectional study, different wards of panjom Azar educational hospital including ICU, dialysis and surgery room were investigated. Samples were collected randomly, for three months from July to September 2014, from beds, oxygen masks, oxygen manometer, patient table, covers of the patient's medical records, nurse's desk, border walls and water tap. Samples were then cultured on blood agar and EMB agar. In order to determine the bacteria type, specific culture media with specific biochemical tests and diagnostic disks were used. Results: Results showed that from 216 samples collected from the levels, the 190 cases (88%) had microbial contamination. Most of the recognized bacteria were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and klebsiela. Results of microbial culture of equipments and levels were positive in case of bacterial contamination a...

مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان, 2006

Background&Objective: Collection and Storage of roof rainwater usually has been used from long ti... more Background&Objective: Collection and Storage of roof rainwater usually has been used from long time ago in Iran and many other countries. Many residents in rural areas of Golestan province (Turkman Sahra) are providing partly of drinking and municipal water by this way. This study was purpose to determine the chemical water quality and detecting of probable contamination resources in cisterns. Materials&Methods: 140 samples were collected and analyzed for determination of chemical parameters during three seasons. Alkalinity by titrometric, hardness by E.D.T.A, Cl- by Mohr and No3- & PO4-3, by DR-2000 HACH and heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry (model 2380 Perkins-Elmer) were determined. These results were analyzed by SPSS and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Results: The chemical parameters such as: acidity, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and manganese had desired limits but PO4- in 15%, Fe in 12%, Pb in 51% and Cr in 16% were exceeded the refer...

Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery, 2015

Background and Objective: Carpet industry is the most important handicrafts in rural areas of Ira... more Background and Objective: Carpet industry is the most important handicrafts in rural areas of Iran. Iranian carpet weavers are exposed to the risk of carpet weaving diseases and the side effects. This study aimed at assessing the health behavior of Bandar Turkmen and Aqqala carpet weavers based on the HBM, 2013. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female carpet weavers selected via census in Bandar Turkmen and Aqqala city, Golestan province. The data was collected by a Demographic checklist and HBM questionnaire and analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient, One-way ANOVA, post-hoc test and independent T test (;le0.05). Results: the mean age was 35.63±11.64 years. The perceived susceptibility was significantly correlated with perceived threat and perceived benefits (P<0. 001). Preventive behavior related to carpet weaving job diseases was insufficient among majority of the participants (78%). Conclusion: Given their high-perceived threat ...

The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory disorders, pulmonary function (1,2), m... more The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory disorders, pulmonary function (1,2), musculoskeletal disorders, injuries, eyesight problems (1,3), nerve disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome (1,4) and skin problems (1,3). Developing such types of disorders occur as a result of poor environmental conditions coupled with unhygienic conditions (1, 5). On the other hand, lack of appropriate knowledge and perceived barriers among the weavers led to existing problems in the carpet industry. Most of these diseases and health problems can be avoided by proper precautions and care (1). According to the

Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery, 2019

Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences, 2016

The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, eyesigh... more The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, eyesight problems, carpal tunnel syndrome and skin problems. Healthy behavior of carpet weavers is not in a desirable level. We recommended appropriate interventions such as health service, education improvement and advocacy for promoting healthy behaviors of carpet weavers.

International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2016

Heavy metals are importantly concerned due their biological accumulation and toxicity in terms of... more Heavy metals are importantly concerned due their biological accumulation and toxicity in terms of human health. Common carp is one of the most popular seafood in the North of Iran especially in Golestan province. In this descriptive-analytical research, about 30 samples of common carp were collected from Ala gul and (n: 24) and Alma gul (n: 6) wetlands. Once the samples were prepared by polarography device, the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper were measured in the muscle tissue of carp. The value of THQ in children and adults was estimated according to the equations of risk assessment. The mean concentration of zinc, lead, copper and cadmium was 120.9 ±106, 7.92 ±7.9, 5.84 ±5.22 and 0.027 ±0.043 mg/kg in Ala gul wetland and 67.42±33.43, 3.24±1.04, 4.36±2.77 and 0.005±0.008 mg/kg in Alma gul wetland, respectively. The order of heavy metals’ concentration in both wetlands was Cd

Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 2011

Partial nitrification was reported to be technically feasible and economically favorable, especia... more Partial nitrification was reported to be technically feasible and economically favorable, especially for wastewater with high ammonium concentration or low C/N ratio. In this study, the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) and influent ratio of chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio on biological nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated. Experiments were conducted in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) on partial nitrification process in pilot-plant configuration for 300 days. DO levels were changed from 0.04 to 0.12 and 0.42 to 3.4 mg/l in the anoxic (R1) and aerobic (R2) reactors, respectively. The optimum DO for partial nitrification was between 1-1.5 mg/l in the aerobic reactor (R2). Influent COD/N ratios between 20 and 2 g COD/g-N were tested by changing the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) supplied to the pilot plant. During operational conditions when the DO concentration in aerobic reactor was above 1 mg/l, near complete organic carbon removal occurred in ...

Background & Objective: The issues of environmental engineering , due to its technical , environm... more Background & Objective: The issues of environmental engineering , due to its technical , environmental, social and economic factors are complicated. So, it is difficult to determine which variables are more effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective variables by using AHP and choose the best method of wastewater treatment (Soleimani Village). Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study with applying approach. By us ing AHP is the preferred choices were determined. This method was evaluated by using software Expert Choice. In this regard, after considering the factors affecting or affected by, 3 criteria and 15 sub-criteria, and then the analytic hierarchy process were used. Then, the wastewater treatment processes were prioritized. The processes are constructed wetland systems, rotating biological discs, extended aeration with floating Media and activated sludge. They were based on technical criteria, economic, efficient of treatment process, sub- cri...

Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2015

Background and Objective: Nowadays the food contamination is increased and threating human health... more Background and Objective: Nowadays the food contamination is increased and threating human health. This study was done to determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in tomatoes and cucumber in Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, 48 cucumber and 48 tomatoes samples were collected randomly from the two sampling stations of Gorgan and Gonbad the two cities in Golestan province of northern Iran during spring and summer of 2012. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were determined by voltammetry method of 797 Polarography models. Results: Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of cucumber in Gonbad was 53.4±7.7, 0.09±0.013, 1.47±0.21 and 4.1±0.66 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of cucumber in Gorgan was 60.3±8.7, 0.12±0.017, 1.4±0.2 and 3.7±0.53 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of tomatoes in Gonbad was 17...

Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2015

Background and purpose: Pastry products are an important part of food products in Iran. They are ... more Background and purpose: Pastry products are an important part of food products in Iran. They are highly consumed now and there is high risk of bacterial contamination in these products. The present study investigated bacterial contamination of creamy pastries with Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Materials and methods: A total of 945 pastry cream (jelly, fruit and plain) samples were randomly taken. All samples were tested according to Iran national standards for microbial tests and data was analyzed in SPSS V.18. Results: The highest level of contamination was found to be with Staphylococcus aureus in summer in pastries with fruit cream (19%). No significant difference was observed in contamination of pastry cream (jelly, fruity and plain) in different seasons (P≥0.05). Conclusion: High level of bacterial contamination in pastry cream calls for more personal and workplace hygiene.

Journal of research in health sciences, 2005

Background : Collection and Storage of roof rain water have been practiced for long time ago in I... more Background : Collection and Storage of roof rain water have been practiced for long time ago in Iran and many other countries. Water of cisterns is usually used as potable water. In Golestan province many of rural Torkman residents reservoir the most part of their potable water from roof rain in cisterns. In this province there are over 2600 cisterns. Methods : To study the water quality, microbiological analysis based on Coliform and Streptococcus Fecalis Index in cisterns water reservoir was necessary to recognize the reason of contamination and suitable collection, reservoir and sanitation methods. For this study 69 water samples from the cisterns of the villages were collected and transferred to the laboratory for microbiological analysis during an eight-month period. Results : The results of this study showed that Coliform in 56%, E.coli in 32%, and Streptococcus Fecalis in 26% of the collected samples exceeded the drinking water quality standards. Conclusions : High pollution ...

Age at starting smoking is one of the determinant factors of nicotine dependence levels and smoki... more Age at starting smoking is one of the determinant factors of nicotine dependence levels and smoking temptation. This study was aimed to determine the age of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence and their association with smoking temptation in smokers. In this cross-sectional study, 642 smokers from two cities in Iran (Gorgan and Isfahan) were recruited by convenience sampling between the years 2012-13. Data collection methods included a demographic questionnaire, Fagerstrom nicotine dependency test and cigarette smoking craving situations questionnaire of Velicer et al. The average age at smoking onset was 19.16 ± 5.88 years. There was a significant correlation between the age at smoking onset, nicotine dependency, cigarette craving and number of daily smoked cigarettes (p <0.001). The average scores of nicotine dependency test among those who had started smoking at the age of less than 16 years were significantly higher compared to those who started smoking at the age of 1...

Results: In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal colifo... more Results: In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and the heterotrophic more than 500CFU / ml. In urban network, coliform contamination was not seen and other bioindicators were less than those of rural networks were. Turbidity of above 5 NTU in urban and rural samples was 3 and 9 percent, respectively. Bioindicators had significant relationship with residual chlorine, fecal coliform bacteria with pH and turbidity with heterotrophic bacteria (P ≤0.05).

Background and purpose: Industrial effluent and sewage sludge are used as fertilizer since they c... more Background and purpose: Industrial effluent and sewage sludge are used as fertilizer since they contain high levels of nutrient. The main pollutant in industrial effluent is heavy metals. In this study an assessment was made on the impact of industrial wastewater effluent and sewage sludge on accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil at Agh ghallah industrial Estate. Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytic study, 72 samples (sewage sludge, effluent and soil) were collected from the Industrial state. All sampling and tests were performed according to standard methods and concentration of heavy metals was determined using polarography method. To analyze the data, SPSS was used and 95% confidence intervals (P 0.05). Conclusion: The concentrations of heavy metal were found lower than the maximum allowable level. Therefore, in this area, wastewater and sewage sludge could be used to irrigate agricultural lands and greenspaces in shortage of water, however, environmental ...

Results: In more than 96 percent of the villages (N =75), above 90% of the samples hadn’t any fec... more Results: In more than 96 percent of the villages (N =75), above 90% of the samples hadn’t any fecal coliform bacteria except three villages that had the index in the range of 85 to 88 percent. Residual chlorine had significant relationship with coliform and fecal coliform (P ≤ 0.05) while the relationship between turbidity and coliform contaminants, fecal coliform and residual chlorine was not significant.