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Papers by SONACHALAM MUTHUSWAMY
Research Square (Research Square), Jan 31, 2024
Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrog... more Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. The current study will investigate the formation of NOx using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for multicycle combustion processes. The CFD model is created by varying the boundary conditions for hydrogen fuel. According to the CFD simulation, the maximum value of Nitrous oxide produced was 27000 ppm in the middle of the combustion tube during the first cycle, with a minimum range of 0-20 ppm produced at the start and end of both cycles. The computed results of a maximum rate of Nitrous Oxide of 100 microseconds are consistent with previous literature. In the PDE analytical analysis, hydrogen fuel had the highest Emission Index of Nitrous Oxide (EINOx) of 58.64 g/kg of fuel, and methane fuel had the lowest EINOx of 10.06 g/kg of fuel. In CFD analysis at 10 microseconds, RAM-jets produced around 100 g/kg of fuel, while PDE produced 50 g/kg of fuel in EINOx.
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, Mar 3, 2024
A change in combustion concepts from conventional isobaric to constant volume combustion (CVC) ha... more A change in combustion concepts from conventional isobaric to constant volume combustion (CVC) has several advantages. Pulse detonation combustion (PDC) operates on CVC, increasing the engine's thermodynamic efficiency significantly. Little research has been conducted on pollutant emissions from pulse detonation engines (PDE). Because PDE burns at a higher temperature, it emits more NOx. The formation of NOx is investigated in this paper using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. For hydrogen fuel, a model is built by varying pressure, temperature, spark size, and geometry. The SST K-Omega model is used with transient conditions. EINOx was calculated using CFD analysis for 12 cm and 20 cm tubes. The results were encouraging. A 12 cm tube produced 200 g/kg of fuel EINOx, while a 20 cm tube produced 250 g/kg of fuel EINOx. The computed results are consistent with previous literature.
International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
—In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters in hard turning... more —In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters in hard turning. The orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to study the performance characteristics in turning operation of AISI 52100 steel bar using Al4 in tungsten carbide tool insert. Three cutting parameters namely, Speed rate, Feed rate, and Depth of cut, are optimized with consideration of force and temperature. Optimal cutting parameters for each performance measure were obtained and the experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Biodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease... more Biodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease by reaction with methanol or ethanol to produce methyl or ethyl esters. Many countries are using and considering the increased use of biodiesel blended fuels to slow their growth of fossil fuel use for transportation purposes. Before the use of these fuels increase, it is critical that we understand the effect of using biodiesel blends on vehicle emissions, so that we better understand what air quality impacts to expect. Many previous reviews of biodiesel effects on emissions have combined all of the emissions data available to find a single value for the effects of a biodiesel blend on pollutant emissions. This includes emissions data from heavy-duty (HD) diesel vehicles and engines, combining vehicle data from chassis dynamometer and on-road emissions testing, and combining data using different oil feed stocks for producing biodiesel fuels. In this review, the effects of switching from petroleum diesel fuel to biodiesel blended fuels on relative vehicle emissions for HD vehicles are determined separately. We will not include engine emissions data in this analysis. For HD vehicles, we will also separate results for on-road emissions testing from chassis dynamometer testing. For HD vehicles, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were significantly lower for B20 and B100 fuels from dynamometer and for B20 fuels from on-road emissions testing. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for HD dynamometer data was significantly higher for both B20 and B100, but no significant difference was found for the HD on-road emissions data. For carbon monoxide (CO) emissions there was no significant effect for B20 and a significant decrease for B100 based on HD dynamometer data, and a significant decrease for B20 based on HD on-road emissions data.. No significant effect was found for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for HD vehicles using B20 fuels based on dynamometer or on-road emissions data. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were significantly lower for B20 fuel in HD vehicles for both types of emissions tests. The HD dynamometer data showed a significant decrease in fuel economy for the B20 blend. When the effects of a biodiesel blend on vehicle emissions in different categories were not significantly different, the results were combined to assess the effect of biodiesel use on the broader class of vehicles.
— Due to the rapid increase in the fuel consumption the economy becomes a burden for some nations... more — Due to the rapid increase in the fuel consumption the economy becomes a burden for some nations. The depletion of conventional fossil fuel like petrol sources causes a great concern throughout worldwide and has promoted research into alternate energy sources for IC engine. Petrol Engine widely uses prime mover for its smooth operation & low maintenance. The mixture of alternative fuel with the conventional fuel like petrol may be the solution of scarcity of conventional fuel for the spark ignition engine. The present work is mainly concerned with an analysis of petrol engine performance, combustion, noise and emission curves using mixture of petrol & kerosene. Generator emission fuelled with petrol-kerosene mixture, the performance curves for different mixtures are judged by running the engine under steady state conditions.
A compositе matеrial is a combination of two or morе matеrials arrangеd in the form of layеr one ... more A compositе matеrial is a combination of two or morе matеrials arrangеd in the form of layеr one on the othеr layеr using binding matеrial through somе prescribеd mеthods.
Research Square (Research Square), Jan 31, 2024
Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrog... more Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. The current study will investigate the formation of NOx using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for multicycle combustion processes. The CFD model is created by varying the boundary conditions for hydrogen fuel. According to the CFD simulation, the maximum value of Nitrous oxide produced was 27000 ppm in the middle of the combustion tube during the first cycle, with a minimum range of 0-20 ppm produced at the start and end of both cycles. The computed results of a maximum rate of Nitrous Oxide of 100 microseconds are consistent with previous literature. In the PDE analytical analysis, hydrogen fuel had the highest Emission Index of Nitrous Oxide (EINOx) of 58.64 g/kg of fuel, and methane fuel had the lowest EINOx of 10.06 g/kg of fuel. In CFD analysis at 10 microseconds, RAM-jets produced around 100 g/kg of fuel, while PDE produced 50 g/kg of fuel in EINOx.
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, Mar 3, 2024
A change in combustion concepts from conventional isobaric to constant volume combustion (CVC) ha... more A change in combustion concepts from conventional isobaric to constant volume combustion (CVC) has several advantages. Pulse detonation combustion (PDC) operates on CVC, increasing the engine's thermodynamic efficiency significantly. Little research has been conducted on pollutant emissions from pulse detonation engines (PDE). Because PDE burns at a higher temperature, it emits more NOx. The formation of NOx is investigated in this paper using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. For hydrogen fuel, a model is built by varying pressure, temperature, spark size, and geometry. The SST K-Omega model is used with transient conditions. EINOx was calculated using CFD analysis for 12 cm and 20 cm tubes. The results were encouraging. A 12 cm tube produced 200 g/kg of fuel EINOx, while a 20 cm tube produced 250 g/kg of fuel EINOx. The computed results are consistent with previous literature.
International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
—In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters in hard turning... more —In this study, the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal cutting parameters in hard turning. The orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to study the performance characteristics in turning operation of AISI 52100 steel bar using Al4 in tungsten carbide tool insert. Three cutting parameters namely, Speed rate, Feed rate, and Depth of cut, are optimized with consideration of force and temperature. Optimal cutting parameters for each performance measure were obtained and the experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Biodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease... more Biodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease by reaction with methanol or ethanol to produce methyl or ethyl esters. Many countries are using and considering the increased use of biodiesel blended fuels to slow their growth of fossil fuel use for transportation purposes. Before the use of these fuels increase, it is critical that we understand the effect of using biodiesel blends on vehicle emissions, so that we better understand what air quality impacts to expect. Many previous reviews of biodiesel effects on emissions have combined all of the emissions data available to find a single value for the effects of a biodiesel blend on pollutant emissions. This includes emissions data from heavy-duty (HD) diesel vehicles and engines, combining vehicle data from chassis dynamometer and on-road emissions testing, and combining data using different oil feed stocks for producing biodiesel fuels. In this review, the effects of switching from petroleum diesel fuel to biodiesel blended fuels on relative vehicle emissions for HD vehicles are determined separately. We will not include engine emissions data in this analysis. For HD vehicles, we will also separate results for on-road emissions testing from chassis dynamometer testing. For HD vehicles, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were significantly lower for B20 and B100 fuels from dynamometer and for B20 fuels from on-road emissions testing. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for HD dynamometer data was significantly higher for both B20 and B100, but no significant difference was found for the HD on-road emissions data. For carbon monoxide (CO) emissions there was no significant effect for B20 and a significant decrease for B100 based on HD dynamometer data, and a significant decrease for B20 based on HD on-road emissions data.. No significant effect was found for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for HD vehicles using B20 fuels based on dynamometer or on-road emissions data. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were significantly lower for B20 fuel in HD vehicles for both types of emissions tests. The HD dynamometer data showed a significant decrease in fuel economy for the B20 blend. When the effects of a biodiesel blend on vehicle emissions in different categories were not significantly different, the results were combined to assess the effect of biodiesel use on the broader class of vehicles.
— Due to the rapid increase in the fuel consumption the economy becomes a burden for some nations... more — Due to the rapid increase in the fuel consumption the economy becomes a burden for some nations. The depletion of conventional fossil fuel like petrol sources causes a great concern throughout worldwide and has promoted research into alternate energy sources for IC engine. Petrol Engine widely uses prime mover for its smooth operation & low maintenance. The mixture of alternative fuel with the conventional fuel like petrol may be the solution of scarcity of conventional fuel for the spark ignition engine. The present work is mainly concerned with an analysis of petrol engine performance, combustion, noise and emission curves using mixture of petrol & kerosene. Generator emission fuelled with petrol-kerosene mixture, the performance curves for different mixtures are judged by running the engine under steady state conditions.
A compositе matеrial is a combination of two or morе matеrials arrangеd in the form of layеr one ... more A compositе matеrial is a combination of two or morе matеrials arrangеd in the form of layеr one on the othеr layеr using binding matеrial through somе prescribеd mеthods.