amanpreet singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by amanpreet singh

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019

We propose a new recurrent generative model for generating images from text captions while attend... more We propose a new recurrent generative model for generating images from text captions while attending on specific parts of text captions. Our model creates images by incrementally adding patches on a "canvas" while attending on words from text caption at each timestep. Finally, the canvas is passed through an upscaling network to generate images. We also introduce a new method for generating visual-semantic sentence embeddings based on self-attention over text. We compare our model's generated images with those generated Reed et al. [25]'s model and show that our model is a stronger baseline for text to image generation tasks.

Tetrahedron, 2015

We synthesized a dinuclear Cu(II) paddle-wheel complex R1 containing a benzimidazolium ligand and... more We synthesized a dinuclear Cu(II) paddle-wheel complex R1 containing a benzimidazolium ligand and explored using it as a fluorescence turn-ON sensor for detecting phosphates in water. The sensor exhibited both fluorescence and electrochemical responses to phosphates with high selectivity and sensitivity over other anions, which makes it useful for the detection of harmful organophosphates.

This paper investigates the relationship between the Quality of Service (QoS) and the Quality of ... more This paper investigates the relationship between the Quality of Service (QoS) and the Quality of Experience (QoE) in a data network by performing a lab experiment with probands where services are provided with varying link capacities. Users give a feedback about the perceived quality so that the subjective QoE in terms of Mean Opinion Score (MOS) can be measured. Three services – video streaming, video conferencing and web browsing– are tested. Besides judging the service quality, the user survey also includes questions about the user's networking experience and usage habits. The results show that for all services, the QoE is improved when the link capacity is increased. The investigations in this work will serve as a basis for follow-up field tests.

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2011

With the evolution of the Internet, the vast majority of the traffic is generated by information-... more With the evolution of the Internet, the vast majority of the traffic is generated by information-centric applications, which would benefit from enhanced data transport paradigms. This paper presents the development and implementation of the Generic Connectivity architecture, a new communication flow abstraction that is based on the Generic Path architecture developed within the European Research Project 4WARD. The Generic Connectivity mechanisms allow for a high degree of flexibility by covering both existing and new protocol paradigms, which are particularly beneficial for wireless access networks. This paper shows that the Generic Connectivity architecture can realize new network mechanisms beyond the features of the current Internet protocol architecture. It is thus a promising clean-slate approach for the Future Internet. The relevant aspects of the architecture are implemented with the OMNET++ 4.0 network simulation tool. Using simulations, the advantages of the Generic Connectivity architecture are shown for several new use cases, including an adaptive protocol selection, mobility, multicast and multipath connectivity over heterogeneous wireless networks. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the architecture inherently supports guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements and traffic distribution over dynamic channels.

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2002

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting large maj... more Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting large majority of population who are older than age of 65. Apart from dopamine, acetylcholine and glutamate, adenosinc has also been identified in the basal ganglia. Adenosine modulates the release of a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine. In order to establish adenosine-dopamine interactions in drug-induced catatonia we studied the effect of adenosine in drug-induced catatonia in mice. In the present study adenosine dose dependently produced catatonia when assessed on rota-rod and bar tests in mice. Adenosine also potentiated the catatonic effect of perphenazine. L-dopa plus carbidopa or OR-486 (a potent centrally acting COMT inhibitor) completely reversed adenosine-induced catatonia. Since reversal by scopolamine of adenosine-induced catatonia was not to the same extent as with l-dopa and OR-486 it appears that catecholamines particularly dopamine rather than cholinergic modulation ...

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2003

Reserpine-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model of Parkinson's disease. In the ... more Reserpine-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model of Parkinson's disease. In the present study reserpine (2.5 mg/kg, ip) 20 hr and alpha-mehyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT; 200 mg/kg, ip), one hour before the experiment induced significant catalepsy in rats as assessed by bar test. There was a significant increase in the time spent on the bar in bar test as compared to the control untreated rats. L-dopa (100 mg/kg, ip) and carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ip) combination, a conventional therapy was less effective in reversing reserpine-induced catalepsy. Pretreatment with FK506, a neuroprotectant (0.5-2 mg/kg, po) not only dose dependently reduced the catalepsy in reserpine-treated rats but a lower dose (1 mg/kg) potentiated the motor stimulant actions of sub threshold dose of L-dopa (100 mg/kg, ip) and carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ip) combination. Anticataleptic effect of FK506 was blocked dose dependently by specific D2 receptor blocker sulpiride (25-100 mg/kg, ip). In conclusion, the findings...

Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Société canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, Jan 3, 2005

The present study evaluates some azetidin-2-ones derivatives for their central nervous system (CN... more The present study evaluates some azetidin-2-ones derivatives for their central nervous system (CNS) modulating activities. The compounds were chosen from a series (5a-o) which were previously synthesized and evaluated for hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity based on the predictions made by the computer software "Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS)". The test compounds were predicted to have a variety of biological activities but those with the best potential for CNS modulating activity were selected for evaluation of a particular CNS activity as 5a for anti-anxiety, 5b, 5n and 5j for nootropic activity and compound 5c anti-catatonic and anti-dyskinetic activities. Test compound 5a was evaluated for anti-anxiety activity in mirrored chamber model and for pentobarbitone induced sleep potentiation in mice. Test compounds 5b, 5n and 5j were evaluated for nootropic activity in mice by examining the effect on transfer latency on elevated plus maze (EPM)...

Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2012

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have successfully been used in recognizing printed characters. In ... more Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have successfully been used in recognizing printed characters. In the present work, we have used this classification technique to recognize handwritten characters. Recognition of handwritten characters is a difficult task owing to various writing styles of individuals. A scheme for offline handwritten Gurmukhi character recognition based on SVMs is presented in this paper. The system first prepares a skeleton of the character, so that feature information about the character is extracted. Features of a character have been computed based on statistical measures of distribution of points on the bitmap image of character. SVM based approach has been used to classify a character based on the extracted features. In this work, we have taken the samples of offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters from one hundred different writers. The partition strategy for selecting the training and testing patterns has also been experimented in this work. We have used in all 3500 images of Gurmukhi characters for the purpose of training and testing. We have used diagonal and; intersection and open end points feature extraction techniques in order to find the feature sets for a given character. The proposed system achieves a maximum recognition accuracy of 94.29% with 90% training data and 10% testing data using intersection and open end points as features and SVM with polynomial kernel.

2012 IV International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems, 2012

ABSTRACT Disaster situations are a challenge for network operators because they result in an extr... more ABSTRACT Disaster situations are a challenge for network operators because they result in an extraordinary large number of calls being opened simultaneously compared to normal operating conditions. The Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) for the end user can be widely affected by peak loads and result in severe degradation, basically due to congestion on bottlenecks inside the network. In disaster situations, however, a high reliability of the connections is in particular required. In order to overcome the beforementioned issue, an extension for the well-known TCP named Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is investigated which delivers a TCP stream to different subflows sent over multiple interfaces and paths. Since MPTCP is an end-to-end transport-layer solution, it is independent of support by the network provider's infrastructure and also works across multiple providers by delivering individual subflows over different networks. Simulation results show that MPTCP is suitable to reduce the load on individual access interfaces and helps to avoid congestion inside the network by shifting traffic to less loaded links so that a better QoS can be maintained. The performance of the network is enhanced by better utilization of the network capacity without increasing the link capacities.

Dynamics in Logistics

Due to the growing complexity of logistic processes, "Autonomous Cooperating Logistic Processes" ... more Due to the growing complexity of logistic processes, "Autonomous Cooperating Logistic Processes" are considered as a way to handle this complexity growth (Scholz-Reiter et al. 2004). In this concept, knowledge and decisions are distributed among the participants of the logistic process. Vehicles and goods become intelligent, interactive, and capable of deciding about how to achieve their aims. Logistic components may have common aims, e.g., several goods that are at the same location and have the same destination. In such a case, it can be sensible to form communities of those components and determine a community leader that acts on behalf of all members. It is expected that thereby, the required communication among the logistic components can be optimized. This paper identifies challenges in the area of communication that arise from the distributed decision process and the interacting components. An approach to form clusters among the goods is proposed to address these challenges.

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014

A new fluoride selective fluorescent receptor (13E,19E)-N1 ,N3-bis[4-(diethylamino)-2hydroxybenzy... more A new fluoride selective fluorescent receptor (13E,19E)-N1 ,N3-bis[4-(diethylamino)-2hydroxybenzylidene]malonohydrazide (1) was designed and synthesized. Receptor 1 showed a highly selective fluorescent 'turn-on' response towards F − among the various tested anions such as F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , HSO 4 − , H 2 PO 4 − , NO 2 − and CN − in CH 3 OH:H 2 O (50:50, v/v), due to the formation of hydrogen bonding host-guest complex in 1:1 stoichiometry with a detection limit of 45.7 nM and association constant of 1.0 × 10 4 M −1. The nature of interactions between the receptor 1 and F − was investigated by 1 H NMR and the probable structure of the 1•F − complex was predicted by B3LYP/6-31G** method.

2014 16th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (Networks), 2014

Optimum utilisation of the transport links in the access networks as well as satisfaction of the ... more Optimum utilisation of the transport links in the access networks as well as satisfaction of the end-user service quality (Quality of Experience - QoE) is important for mobile operators. The necessary prerequisites for proper dimensioning (capacity planning) of the access network are careful modeling of the arrival traffic characteristics and proper QoE to QoS (Quality of Service, e.g., delay) mapping. The Internet traffic is known to be bursty and self-similar and therefore in this paper an analytical modeling of the arrival traffic is developed based on a two-state Markov Modulated Poisson Process, MMPP(2). The performance in terms of inter-arrival time of the packets and the resulting queueing delay distribution of the MMPP(2)/D/1 system is found to be a good approximation for the packet delays of the VoIP, web and video traffic.

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014

A rhodamine-based "ON-OFF" fluorescent probe was designed on the bases of modulation in structure... more A rhodamine-based "ON-OFF" fluorescent probe was designed on the bases of modulation in structure between spirocyclic (non-fluorescent) and ring-open (fluorescent) forms of rhodamine dye. The sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy. The dye has been processed into nanoaggregates through reprecipitation method. Nanoaggregates N1 show high sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe 3+ in aqueous medium with detection limit of 9.2 nM, whereas other ions including

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 2014

Background: Femoral neck fracture is truly an enigma due to the high incidence of avascular necro... more Background: Femoral neck fracture is truly an enigma due to the high incidence of avascular necrosis and nonunion. Different methods have been described to determine the size of the femoral head fragment, as a small head has been said to be associated with poor outcome and nonunion due to inadequate implant purchase in the proximal fragment. These methods were two dimensional and were affected by radiography techniques, therefore did not determine true head size. Computed tomography (CT) is an important option to measure true head size as images can be obtained in three dimensions. Henceforth, we subjected patients to CT scan of hip in cases with displaced fracture neck of femur. The study aims to define the term "small head or inadequate size femoral head" objectively for its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: 70 cases of displaced femoral neck fractures underwent CT scan preoperatively for proximal femoral geometric measurements of both hips. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was done in all cases. Patients were treated with either intertrochanteric osteotomy or lag screw osteosynthesis based on the size of the head fragment on plain radiographs. Results: The average femoral head fragment volume was 57 cu cm (range 28.3-84.91 cu cm; standard deviation 14 cu cm). Proximal fragment volume of >43 cu cm was termed adequate size (type I) and of ≤43 cu cm as small femoral head (type II). Fractures which united (n = 54) had a relatively large average head size (59 cu cm) when compared to fractures that did not (n = 16), which had a small average head size (49 cu cm) and this difference was statistically significant. In type I fractures union rate was comparable in both osteotomy and lag screw groups (P > 0.05). Lag screw fixation failed invariably, while osteotomy showed good results in type II fractures (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Computed tomography scan of the proximal femur is advisable for measuring true size of head fragment. An objective classification based on the femoral head size (type I and type II) is proposed. Osteosynthesis should be the preferred method of treatment in type I and osteotomy or prosthetic replacement is the method of choice for type II femoral neck fractures.

PLoS ONE, 2014

Rad4/Cut5 is a scaffold protein in the Chk1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in S. pombe. However, ... more Rad4/Cut5 is a scaffold protein in the Chk1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in S. pombe. However, whether it contains a robust ATR-activation domain (AAD) required for checkpoint signaling like its orthologs TopBP1 in humans and Dpb11 in budding yeast has been incompletely clear. To identify the putative AAD in Rad4, we carried out an extensive genetic screen looking for novel mutants with an enhanced sensitivity to replication stress or DNA damage in which the function of the AAD can be eliminated by the mutations. Two new mutations near the N-terminus were identified that caused significantly higher sensitivities to DNA damage or chronic replication stress than all previously reported mutants, suggesting that most of the checkpoint function of the protein is eliminated. However, these mutations did not affect the activation of Rad3 (ATR in humans) yet eliminated the scaffolding function of the protein required for the activation of Chk1. Several mutations were also identified in or near the recently reported AAD in the C-terminus of Rad4. However, all mutations in the Cterminus only slightly sensitized the cells to DNA damage. Interestingly, a mutant lacking the whole C-terminus was found resistant to DNA damage and replication stress almost like the wild type cells. Consistent with the resistance, all known Rad3 dependent phosphorylations of checkpoint proteins remained intact in the C-terminal deletion mutant, indicating that unlike that in Dpb11, the C-terminus of Rad4 does not contain a robust AAD. These results, together with those from the biochemical studies, show that Rad4 mainly functions as a scaffold protein in the Chk1, not the Cds1(CHK2 in humans), checkpoint pathway. It plays a minor role or is functionally redundant with an unknown factor in Rad3 activation.

Phytotherapy Research, 2006

Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. The patho... more Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5) significantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions in rats. Chronic treatment with Withania somnifera root extract (Ws) for a period of 4 weeks to reserpine treated animals significantly and dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions. Reserpine treated animals also showed poor retention of memory in the elevated plus maze task paradigm. Chronic Ws administration significantly reversed reserpine-induced retention deficits. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic reserpine treatment significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of rats. Chronic reserpine treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Chronic administration of Ws root extract dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels by chronic reserpine treatment. It also significantly reversed the reserpine-induced decrease in brain SOD and catalase levels in rats. The major findings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathophysiology of reserpine-induced abnormal oral movements. In conclusion, Withania somnifera root extract could be a useful drug for the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia.

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2003

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment characterized b... more Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment characterized by involuntary movements of the oral region. In spite of high incidence and much research, the pathophysiology of this devastating movement disorder remains elusive. Chronic treatment with neuroleptics leads to the development of abnormal oral movements in rats, referred to as vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). VCMs in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of TD. Rats chronically treated with haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg ip) significantly developed VCMs and tongue protrusions. Melatonin dose-dependently (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) reversed the haloperidol-induced VCM and tongue protrusions frequencies. Biochemical analysis reveals that chronic haloperidol treatment significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the forebrain glutathione (GSH) levels in the rats. Chronic haloperidol-treated rats also showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Coadministration of melatonin (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) along with haloperidol significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased GSH levels by chronic haloperidol treatment, and significantly reversed the haloperidol-induced decrease in forebrain SOD and catalase levels in rats. However, a lower dose of melatonin (1 mg/kg) failed to reverse chronic haloperidol-induced decreases in forebrain GSH, SOD, and catalase levels. In conclusion, melatonin could be screened as a potential drug candidate for the prevention or treatment of neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia.

Pharmacology, 2003

L-Dopa plus carbidopa treatment remains the first-line therapy in Parkinson’s disease. The use of... more L-Dopa plus carbidopa treatment remains the first-line therapy in Parkinson’s disease. The use of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and/or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors as an adjunct to L-dopa therapy has yielded varying degrees of success. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many plants, is reported to inhibit COMT and MAO activities, the key enzymes involved in the metabolism of dopamine. In the present study we have studied the effect of quercetin on the L-dopa plus carbidopa combination against perphenazine and reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats. Neuroleptic-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model for testing the drugs used in parkinsonism. Catalepsy in rats was induced by administration of perphenazine (5 mg/kg i.p.) or reserpine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) + α-methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg i.p.). Catalepsy in animals was assessed by using the bar test. The quercetin dose (25–100 mg/kg, p.o.) dependently reversed perphenazine- as well as reserpine-induced catalepsy. When ...

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2011

InflammoPharmacology, 2003

In ammation is the response of living tissue to damage. Cytokines play an important role in in am... more In ammation is the response of living tissue to damage. Cytokines play an important role in in ammatory processes. FK506 (tacrolimus), an immunosuppressant, is known to reduce the activation of microglia in vitro and affect the expression of various cytokines like interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. With this background the present study was designed to explore the effect of FK506 in animal models of acute in ammation and experimental pleurisy. Acute in ammation in rats was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (1%, w/ v). Experimental pleurisy was induced in rats by intrapleural injection of carrageenan (2%, w / v). Pretreatment with FK506 (0.5-3 mg / kg p.o.) signi cantly and dose-dependently reduced carrageenan-inducedincrease in paw volume, as well as carrageenan-induced in ammatory nociception. FK506 (1 and 3 mg / kg p.o.) inhibits exudate formation and migration of polymorhonuclear leukocytes and monocytes in carrageenan-induced experimental pleurisy. The myeloperoxidase enzyme level was signi cantly increased in carrageenan-treated animals, which was signi cantly reversed by FK506 treatment. The results of the present study suggest the potential anti-in ammatory properties of FK506 against carrageenan-induced acute in ammation and experimental pleurisy.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019

We propose a new recurrent generative model for generating images from text captions while attend... more We propose a new recurrent generative model for generating images from text captions while attending on specific parts of text captions. Our model creates images by incrementally adding patches on a "canvas" while attending on words from text caption at each timestep. Finally, the canvas is passed through an upscaling network to generate images. We also introduce a new method for generating visual-semantic sentence embeddings based on self-attention over text. We compare our model's generated images with those generated Reed et al. [25]'s model and show that our model is a stronger baseline for text to image generation tasks.

Tetrahedron, 2015

We synthesized a dinuclear Cu(II) paddle-wheel complex R1 containing a benzimidazolium ligand and... more We synthesized a dinuclear Cu(II) paddle-wheel complex R1 containing a benzimidazolium ligand and explored using it as a fluorescence turn-ON sensor for detecting phosphates in water. The sensor exhibited both fluorescence and electrochemical responses to phosphates with high selectivity and sensitivity over other anions, which makes it useful for the detection of harmful organophosphates.

This paper investigates the relationship between the Quality of Service (QoS) and the Quality of ... more This paper investigates the relationship between the Quality of Service (QoS) and the Quality of Experience (QoE) in a data network by performing a lab experiment with probands where services are provided with varying link capacities. Users give a feedback about the perceived quality so that the subjective QoE in terms of Mean Opinion Score (MOS) can be measured. Three services – video streaming, video conferencing and web browsing– are tested. Besides judging the service quality, the user survey also includes questions about the user's networking experience and usage habits. The results show that for all services, the QoE is improved when the link capacity is increased. The investigations in this work will serve as a basis for follow-up field tests.

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2011

With the evolution of the Internet, the vast majority of the traffic is generated by information-... more With the evolution of the Internet, the vast majority of the traffic is generated by information-centric applications, which would benefit from enhanced data transport paradigms. This paper presents the development and implementation of the Generic Connectivity architecture, a new communication flow abstraction that is based on the Generic Path architecture developed within the European Research Project 4WARD. The Generic Connectivity mechanisms allow for a high degree of flexibility by covering both existing and new protocol paradigms, which are particularly beneficial for wireless access networks. This paper shows that the Generic Connectivity architecture can realize new network mechanisms beyond the features of the current Internet protocol architecture. It is thus a promising clean-slate approach for the Future Internet. The relevant aspects of the architecture are implemented with the OMNET++ 4.0 network simulation tool. Using simulations, the advantages of the Generic Connectivity architecture are shown for several new use cases, including an adaptive protocol selection, mobility, multicast and multipath connectivity over heterogeneous wireless networks. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the architecture inherently supports guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) agreements and traffic distribution over dynamic channels.

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2002

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting large maj... more Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting large majority of population who are older than age of 65. Apart from dopamine, acetylcholine and glutamate, adenosinc has also been identified in the basal ganglia. Adenosine modulates the release of a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine. In order to establish adenosine-dopamine interactions in drug-induced catatonia we studied the effect of adenosine in drug-induced catatonia in mice. In the present study adenosine dose dependently produced catatonia when assessed on rota-rod and bar tests in mice. Adenosine also potentiated the catatonic effect of perphenazine. L-dopa plus carbidopa or OR-486 (a potent centrally acting COMT inhibitor) completely reversed adenosine-induced catatonia. Since reversal by scopolamine of adenosine-induced catatonia was not to the same extent as with l-dopa and OR-486 it appears that catecholamines particularly dopamine rather than cholinergic modulation ...

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2003

Reserpine-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model of Parkinson's disease. In the ... more Reserpine-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model of Parkinson's disease. In the present study reserpine (2.5 mg/kg, ip) 20 hr and alpha-mehyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT; 200 mg/kg, ip), one hour before the experiment induced significant catalepsy in rats as assessed by bar test. There was a significant increase in the time spent on the bar in bar test as compared to the control untreated rats. L-dopa (100 mg/kg, ip) and carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ip) combination, a conventional therapy was less effective in reversing reserpine-induced catalepsy. Pretreatment with FK506, a neuroprotectant (0.5-2 mg/kg, po) not only dose dependently reduced the catalepsy in reserpine-treated rats but a lower dose (1 mg/kg) potentiated the motor stimulant actions of sub threshold dose of L-dopa (100 mg/kg, ip) and carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ip) combination. Anticataleptic effect of FK506 was blocked dose dependently by specific D2 receptor blocker sulpiride (25-100 mg/kg, ip). In conclusion, the findings...

Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Société canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, Jan 3, 2005

The present study evaluates some azetidin-2-ones derivatives for their central nervous system (CN... more The present study evaluates some azetidin-2-ones derivatives for their central nervous system (CNS) modulating activities. The compounds were chosen from a series (5a-o) which were previously synthesized and evaluated for hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity based on the predictions made by the computer software "Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS)". The test compounds were predicted to have a variety of biological activities but those with the best potential for CNS modulating activity were selected for evaluation of a particular CNS activity as 5a for anti-anxiety, 5b, 5n and 5j for nootropic activity and compound 5c anti-catatonic and anti-dyskinetic activities. Test compound 5a was evaluated for anti-anxiety activity in mirrored chamber model and for pentobarbitone induced sleep potentiation in mice. Test compounds 5b, 5n and 5j were evaluated for nootropic activity in mice by examining the effect on transfer latency on elevated plus maze (EPM)...

Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2012

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have successfully been used in recognizing printed characters. In ... more Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have successfully been used in recognizing printed characters. In the present work, we have used this classification technique to recognize handwritten characters. Recognition of handwritten characters is a difficult task owing to various writing styles of individuals. A scheme for offline handwritten Gurmukhi character recognition based on SVMs is presented in this paper. The system first prepares a skeleton of the character, so that feature information about the character is extracted. Features of a character have been computed based on statistical measures of distribution of points on the bitmap image of character. SVM based approach has been used to classify a character based on the extracted features. In this work, we have taken the samples of offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters from one hundred different writers. The partition strategy for selecting the training and testing patterns has also been experimented in this work. We have used in all 3500 images of Gurmukhi characters for the purpose of training and testing. We have used diagonal and; intersection and open end points feature extraction techniques in order to find the feature sets for a given character. The proposed system achieves a maximum recognition accuracy of 94.29% with 90% training data and 10% testing data using intersection and open end points as features and SVM with polynomial kernel.

2012 IV International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems, 2012

ABSTRACT Disaster situations are a challenge for network operators because they result in an extr... more ABSTRACT Disaster situations are a challenge for network operators because they result in an extraordinary large number of calls being opened simultaneously compared to normal operating conditions. The Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) for the end user can be widely affected by peak loads and result in severe degradation, basically due to congestion on bottlenecks inside the network. In disaster situations, however, a high reliability of the connections is in particular required. In order to overcome the beforementioned issue, an extension for the well-known TCP named Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is investigated which delivers a TCP stream to different subflows sent over multiple interfaces and paths. Since MPTCP is an end-to-end transport-layer solution, it is independent of support by the network provider&amp;amp;#39;s infrastructure and also works across multiple providers by delivering individual subflows over different networks. Simulation results show that MPTCP is suitable to reduce the load on individual access interfaces and helps to avoid congestion inside the network by shifting traffic to less loaded links so that a better QoS can be maintained. The performance of the network is enhanced by better utilization of the network capacity without increasing the link capacities.

Dynamics in Logistics

Due to the growing complexity of logistic processes, "Autonomous Cooperating Logistic Processes" ... more Due to the growing complexity of logistic processes, "Autonomous Cooperating Logistic Processes" are considered as a way to handle this complexity growth (Scholz-Reiter et al. 2004). In this concept, knowledge and decisions are distributed among the participants of the logistic process. Vehicles and goods become intelligent, interactive, and capable of deciding about how to achieve their aims. Logistic components may have common aims, e.g., several goods that are at the same location and have the same destination. In such a case, it can be sensible to form communities of those components and determine a community leader that acts on behalf of all members. It is expected that thereby, the required communication among the logistic components can be optimized. This paper identifies challenges in the area of communication that arise from the distributed decision process and the interacting components. An approach to form clusters among the goods is proposed to address these challenges.

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014

A new fluoride selective fluorescent receptor (13E,19E)-N1 ,N3-bis[4-(diethylamino)-2hydroxybenzy... more A new fluoride selective fluorescent receptor (13E,19E)-N1 ,N3-bis[4-(diethylamino)-2hydroxybenzylidene]malonohydrazide (1) was designed and synthesized. Receptor 1 showed a highly selective fluorescent 'turn-on' response towards F − among the various tested anions such as F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , HSO 4 − , H 2 PO 4 − , NO 2 − and CN − in CH 3 OH:H 2 O (50:50, v/v), due to the formation of hydrogen bonding host-guest complex in 1:1 stoichiometry with a detection limit of 45.7 nM and association constant of 1.0 × 10 4 M −1. The nature of interactions between the receptor 1 and F − was investigated by 1 H NMR and the probable structure of the 1•F − complex was predicted by B3LYP/6-31G** method.

2014 16th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (Networks), 2014

Optimum utilisation of the transport links in the access networks as well as satisfaction of the ... more Optimum utilisation of the transport links in the access networks as well as satisfaction of the end-user service quality (Quality of Experience - QoE) is important for mobile operators. The necessary prerequisites for proper dimensioning (capacity planning) of the access network are careful modeling of the arrival traffic characteristics and proper QoE to QoS (Quality of Service, e.g., delay) mapping. The Internet traffic is known to be bursty and self-similar and therefore in this paper an analytical modeling of the arrival traffic is developed based on a two-state Markov Modulated Poisson Process, MMPP(2). The performance in terms of inter-arrival time of the packets and the resulting queueing delay distribution of the MMPP(2)/D/1 system is found to be a good approximation for the packet delays of the VoIP, web and video traffic.

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014

A rhodamine-based "ON-OFF" fluorescent probe was designed on the bases of modulation in structure... more A rhodamine-based "ON-OFF" fluorescent probe was designed on the bases of modulation in structure between spirocyclic (non-fluorescent) and ring-open (fluorescent) forms of rhodamine dye. The sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy. The dye has been processed into nanoaggregates through reprecipitation method. Nanoaggregates N1 show high sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe 3+ in aqueous medium with detection limit of 9.2 nM, whereas other ions including

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 2014

Background: Femoral neck fracture is truly an enigma due to the high incidence of avascular necro... more Background: Femoral neck fracture is truly an enigma due to the high incidence of avascular necrosis and nonunion. Different methods have been described to determine the size of the femoral head fragment, as a small head has been said to be associated with poor outcome and nonunion due to inadequate implant purchase in the proximal fragment. These methods were two dimensional and were affected by radiography techniques, therefore did not determine true head size. Computed tomography (CT) is an important option to measure true head size as images can be obtained in three dimensions. Henceforth, we subjected patients to CT scan of hip in cases with displaced fracture neck of femur. The study aims to define the term "small head or inadequate size femoral head" objectively for its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: 70 cases of displaced femoral neck fractures underwent CT scan preoperatively for proximal femoral geometric measurements of both hips. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was done in all cases. Patients were treated with either intertrochanteric osteotomy or lag screw osteosynthesis based on the size of the head fragment on plain radiographs. Results: The average femoral head fragment volume was 57 cu cm (range 28.3-84.91 cu cm; standard deviation 14 cu cm). Proximal fragment volume of >43 cu cm was termed adequate size (type I) and of ≤43 cu cm as small femoral head (type II). Fractures which united (n = 54) had a relatively large average head size (59 cu cm) when compared to fractures that did not (n = 16), which had a small average head size (49 cu cm) and this difference was statistically significant. In type I fractures union rate was comparable in both osteotomy and lag screw groups (P > 0.05). Lag screw fixation failed invariably, while osteotomy showed good results in type II fractures (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Computed tomography scan of the proximal femur is advisable for measuring true size of head fragment. An objective classification based on the femoral head size (type I and type II) is proposed. Osteosynthesis should be the preferred method of treatment in type I and osteotomy or prosthetic replacement is the method of choice for type II femoral neck fractures.

PLoS ONE, 2014

Rad4/Cut5 is a scaffold protein in the Chk1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in S. pombe. However, ... more Rad4/Cut5 is a scaffold protein in the Chk1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint in S. pombe. However, whether it contains a robust ATR-activation domain (AAD) required for checkpoint signaling like its orthologs TopBP1 in humans and Dpb11 in budding yeast has been incompletely clear. To identify the putative AAD in Rad4, we carried out an extensive genetic screen looking for novel mutants with an enhanced sensitivity to replication stress or DNA damage in which the function of the AAD can be eliminated by the mutations. Two new mutations near the N-terminus were identified that caused significantly higher sensitivities to DNA damage or chronic replication stress than all previously reported mutants, suggesting that most of the checkpoint function of the protein is eliminated. However, these mutations did not affect the activation of Rad3 (ATR in humans) yet eliminated the scaffolding function of the protein required for the activation of Chk1. Several mutations were also identified in or near the recently reported AAD in the C-terminus of Rad4. However, all mutations in the Cterminus only slightly sensitized the cells to DNA damage. Interestingly, a mutant lacking the whole C-terminus was found resistant to DNA damage and replication stress almost like the wild type cells. Consistent with the resistance, all known Rad3 dependent phosphorylations of checkpoint proteins remained intact in the C-terminal deletion mutant, indicating that unlike that in Dpb11, the C-terminus of Rad4 does not contain a robust AAD. These results, together with those from the biochemical studies, show that Rad4 mainly functions as a scaffold protein in the Chk1, not the Cds1(CHK2 in humans), checkpoint pathway. It plays a minor role or is functionally redundant with an unknown factor in Rad3 activation.

Phytotherapy Research, 2006

Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. The patho... more Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5) significantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions in rats. Chronic treatment with Withania somnifera root extract (Ws) for a period of 4 weeks to reserpine treated animals significantly and dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions. Reserpine treated animals also showed poor retention of memory in the elevated plus maze task paradigm. Chronic Ws administration significantly reversed reserpine-induced retention deficits. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic reserpine treatment significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of rats. Chronic reserpine treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Chronic administration of Ws root extract dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels by chronic reserpine treatment. It also significantly reversed the reserpine-induced decrease in brain SOD and catalase levels in rats. The major findings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathophysiology of reserpine-induced abnormal oral movements. In conclusion, Withania somnifera root extract could be a useful drug for the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia.

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2003

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment characterized b... more Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a late complication of prolonged neuroleptic treatment characterized by involuntary movements of the oral region. In spite of high incidence and much research, the pathophysiology of this devastating movement disorder remains elusive. Chronic treatment with neuroleptics leads to the development of abnormal oral movements in rats, referred to as vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). VCMs in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of TD. Rats chronically treated with haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg ip) significantly developed VCMs and tongue protrusions. Melatonin dose-dependently (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) reversed the haloperidol-induced VCM and tongue protrusions frequencies. Biochemical analysis reveals that chronic haloperidol treatment significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the forebrain glutathione (GSH) levels in the rats. Chronic haloperidol-treated rats also showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Coadministration of melatonin (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg) along with haloperidol significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased GSH levels by chronic haloperidol treatment, and significantly reversed the haloperidol-induced decrease in forebrain SOD and catalase levels in rats. However, a lower dose of melatonin (1 mg/kg) failed to reverse chronic haloperidol-induced decreases in forebrain GSH, SOD, and catalase levels. In conclusion, melatonin could be screened as a potential drug candidate for the prevention or treatment of neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia.

Pharmacology, 2003

L-Dopa plus carbidopa treatment remains the first-line therapy in Parkinson’s disease. The use of... more L-Dopa plus carbidopa treatment remains the first-line therapy in Parkinson’s disease. The use of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and/or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors as an adjunct to L-dopa therapy has yielded varying degrees of success. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many plants, is reported to inhibit COMT and MAO activities, the key enzymes involved in the metabolism of dopamine. In the present study we have studied the effect of quercetin on the L-dopa plus carbidopa combination against perphenazine and reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats. Neuroleptic-induced catalepsy is a widely accepted animal model for testing the drugs used in parkinsonism. Catalepsy in rats was induced by administration of perphenazine (5 mg/kg i.p.) or reserpine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) + α-methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg i.p.). Catalepsy in animals was assessed by using the bar test. The quercetin dose (25–100 mg/kg, p.o.) dependently reversed perphenazine- as well as reserpine-induced catalepsy. When ...

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2011

InflammoPharmacology, 2003

In ammation is the response of living tissue to damage. Cytokines play an important role in in am... more In ammation is the response of living tissue to damage. Cytokines play an important role in in ammatory processes. FK506 (tacrolimus), an immunosuppressant, is known to reduce the activation of microglia in vitro and affect the expression of various cytokines like interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. With this background the present study was designed to explore the effect of FK506 in animal models of acute in ammation and experimental pleurisy. Acute in ammation in rats was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (1%, w/ v). Experimental pleurisy was induced in rats by intrapleural injection of carrageenan (2%, w / v). Pretreatment with FK506 (0.5-3 mg / kg p.o.) signi cantly and dose-dependently reduced carrageenan-inducedincrease in paw volume, as well as carrageenan-induced in ammatory nociception. FK506 (1 and 3 mg / kg p.o.) inhibits exudate formation and migration of polymorhonuclear leukocytes and monocytes in carrageenan-induced experimental pleurisy. The myeloperoxidase enzyme level was signi cantly increased in carrageenan-treated animals, which was signi cantly reversed by FK506 treatment. The results of the present study suggest the potential anti-in ammatory properties of FK506 against carrageenan-induced acute in ammation and experimental pleurisy.