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Papers by aminu bello

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health, 2021

Background: The practice of self-medication is a global phenomenon. The prevalence of self-medica... more Background: The practice of self-medication is a global phenomenon. The prevalence of self-medication varies globally from 60-90%. There are many reasons for the increase in self-medication practices across the world, like poor diagnostic and management ability of health care workers that lead to low utilisation of health care services. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and practices of self-medication among university students. Method: The total number of respondents was 215 and were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi, structured self-administered adapted questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Data was first entered into Excel and analysed using SPSS v.20 software. Results: The response rate was 96% (n=206) and the prevalence of self-medication practice was found to be 88.3% (n=182). Headache 73.8% (n=152) and Fever 57.3% (n=118) were the commonest reasons for self-medication. There was no association between self-medication and availability of professional medical service (χ2 = 0.79, P = 078), sex (χ2 = 0.26, P = 0.61), and marital status (χ2 = 0.04, P = 0.81). However, a significant association was observed between self-medication and knowledge (χ2 = 6.10, P = 0.02), smoking (χ2 = 9.71, P = 0.01) and having a medical insurance (χ2 = 7.11 and P = 0.01). The common medications used for self-medications are analgesics (98.9%), antibiotics (58.3%) and cough mixture (46.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication observed among students is high. There is a need to increase awareness of the dangers associated with self-medication.

A B ST R A C T The challenge to feed the increasing world’s population with nutritionally balance... more A B ST R A C T The challenge to feed the increasing world’s population with nutritionally balanced food is enormous hence determining the nutritional value of food is highly valuable in order to ensure the status of food. In our study, we determined the carbohydrate, protein, lipid, ash, fibre, energy and moisture content of Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum consumed in Nigeria, particularly in Nasarawa State. The Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu contents of the two samples were also determined. High contents of carbohydrate, proteins and fat of 11.89, 27.67, and 52.48%; and 12.58, 24.92 and 49.44% were found in Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum respectively. The mineral contents of the two seeds showed a relatively high content of some of the minerals.

Green Processing and Synthesis, 2020

This study was focused to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the aqueous extract of Bis... more This study was focused to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the aqueous extract of Bistorta amplexicaule and to evaluate their antimicrobial, antifungal, and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation potential. The AgNps from B. amplexicaule were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The biological activity of the AgNps was checked against the three bacterial and two fungal strains. The inhibition activities of the synthesized nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria and fungi were equally studied using the colony-forming unit method. The AgNps synthesized showed excellent bactericidal and fungicidal activities against pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The removal of nitrophenols is one of the most demanding tasks, due to their injurious impact on th...

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2021

Background and Aims Fluid overload and vascular stiffness are two independent predictors of cardi... more Background and Aims Fluid overload and vascular stiffness are two independent predictors of cardiovascular events in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To date, observational and interventional studies that investigated the effect of inter- and intradialytic fluid overload changes on vascular stiffness in HD patients are very limited. We performed a scoping review to explore existing reports about effects of fluid overload on vascular stiffness in adults receiving HD treatment and to identify knowledge gaps for future research. Method We followed the framework originally developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of systematic reviews from inception to October 29, 2019. References of review papers were screened for relevant studies not identified from the initial search until saturation is achieved. Results Of 666 eligible studies, nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. These included clinical observational studies (n=16) and randomiz...

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

Enzymes are highly valuable in the industry, such industries are food, beverage industry and the ... more Enzymes are highly valuable in the industry, such industries are food, beverage industry and the biofuel sector. Amylases are very important in starch proc liquefaction, hydrolysis and saccharification. Alpha amylase has liquefying ability by hydrolysing the glycosidic bonds at internal positions. This paper aims to present a brief overview of the sequence comparison between plant alpha amylase sequences were obtained from the NCBI, aligned using the clustal phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Mega 7.0 tool. The proteins can be classified into three distinct families; one, two and three. Each family has some features, family one amylases are proteins of about 450 amino acids long with signal peptides at their N-terminus, family two proteins are similar in size to those of family one but are cytosolic with no targeting peptide. In contrast, family thr targeted to the chloroplast with transit peptides at their N 900 amino acids long. In addition, the last family of protein has an additional domain that is yet to be fully characterized. Across the three thus conservation of the catalytic domain which is at the C the proteins are evolutionary related and perform similar functions. The unknown domain in family three amylases is also conserve may be a starch binding domain that is required for the family three amylases to digest storage starch in the plastid.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, Jan 29, 2018

Deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of potentially toxic trace elements are common ... more Deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of potentially toxic trace elements are common in patients on hemodialysis. Whether these abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes is unknown but worth investigating, because they are potentially treatable. We did a prospective longitudinal study of 1278 patients on incident hemodialysis, assessing blood concentrations of 25 trace elements at baseline. We used adjusted logistic regression to evaluate the association between trace element status and four outcomes (death, cardiovascular events, systemic infection, and hospitalization). hypotheses concerned () deficiency of zinc, selenium, and manganese and () excess of lead, arsenic, and mercury. Concentrations of the other 19 elements were tested in hypothesis-generating analyses. Over 2 years of follow-up, 260 (20%) patients died, 285 (24%) experienced a cardiovascular event, 117 (10%) were hospitalized for systemic infection, and 928 (77%) were hospitalized for any cause. Low...

Canadian journal of kidney health and disease, 2018

The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) provides an estimate of risk of progression to kidney fai... more The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) provides an estimate of risk of progression to kidney failure, and may guide clinical care. We aimed to describe patient, family, and health care provider's perspectives of the perceived benefits and challenges of using a risk-based approach to guide care delivery for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and refine implementation based on their input. We used qualitative methodology to explore perceived benefits and challenges of implementing a risk-based approach (using the KFRE) to determine eligibility for multidisciplinary CKD care in Southern Alberta. We obtained perspectives from patients and families through focus groups, as well as input from health care providers through interviews and open-ended responses from an online survey. Twelve patients/family members participated in 2 focus groups, 16 health care providers participated in an interview, and 40 health care providers responded to the survey. Overall, particip...

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, Jan 26, 2018

The eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from bark extract of Albizia cheval... more The eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from bark extract of Albizia chevalier are reported here for their anti-proliferative, antibacterial and pollutant degradation potentials. The synthesized AgNps were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-rays spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction studies. The TEM and FESEM images show a monodispersed spherical shaped particles of approximately 30 nm. Crystalline peaks were obtained for the synthesized AgNps in XRD spectrum. The AgNps were investigated for in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities and its potential to degrade 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and congo red dye (CR). The MTT results shows a significant dose-dependent antiproliferation effect of the AgNps on the cell lines HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and MFC7. The effect was found more pronounced in MDA-MB-231 as compared to MFC-7 cell lines. The antibacterial r...

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2017

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, Jan 22, 2017

Low concentrations and excessive concentrations of trace elements have been commonly reported in ... more Low concentrations and excessive concentrations of trace elements have been commonly reported in hemodialysis patients, but available studies have several important limitations. Random sample of patients drawn from a prospective cohort. 198 incident hemodialysis patients treated in 3 Canadian centers. We used mass spectrometry to measure plasma concentrations of the 25 elements at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following enrollment in the cohort. We focused on low concentrations of zinc, selenium, and manganese and excessive concentrations of lead, arsenic, and mercury; low and excessive concentrations of the other 19 trace elements were treated as exploratory analyses. Low and excessive concentrations were based on the 5th and 95th percentile plasma concentrations from healthy reference populations. At all 4 occasions, low zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations were uncommon in study participants (≤5.1%, ≤1.8%, and ≤0.9% for zinc, selenium, and manganese, respectivel...

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, Jan 19, 2017

The study concentrate on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the leaves extract... more The study concentrate on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis with focus on its; antiproliferation effect on prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines, antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the degradation on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and congo red dye (CR). The synthesized AgNps were characterized by FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD and EDX analysis. The EDS spectrum revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles (Nps) were composed of 55.45% Ag atoms of spherical shape with approximately 50nm size, identified from TEM and FESEM data. The antiproliferation effect of the AgNps varies with cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The result showed that the AgNps were more effective on PC3 (IC50 23.48μg/mL) than MCF7 (29.25μg/mL) and HepG2 (33.25μg/mL) by the virtue of their IC50 values. The AgNps were highly effective against E. coli and S. aureus by killing 9...

Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Aug 22, 2017

We present here the biosynthesis of AgNps from the aqueous extract of H. thebaica fruit, and moni... more We present here the biosynthesis of AgNps from the aqueous extract of H. thebaica fruit, and monitored through UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The functional group were characterized through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the particle size, morphologies and elemental composition of the nanoparticles were investigated by using TEM, FESEM and EDS respectively. The anti-proliferation activity of the synthesized AgNps was carried out using MTT assay on human prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. The anti-proliferation assay showed that the AgNps were able to inhibit the proliferation of the cancer cell lines in a dose depending manner. The effect was found more pronounced on prostate (IC50 2.6 mg/mL) followed by breast (IC50 4.8 mg/mL) and then liver cancer cell lines (IC50 6.8 mg/mL). The prepared AgNps were found to inhibit 99% growth of both E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h of incubation. The nanoparticles were used for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and Congo...

Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported the reference range of serum alpha- foeto pr... more Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported the reference range of serum alpha- foeto protein in apparently healthy full-term neonates, which could help in screening, diagnosis and monitoring of intrauterine anomaly during pregnancy. However such studies are lacking in Sokoto metropolis. The objective of this study was to determine the reference range of serum alphafoetoprotein (SAFP) in full-term singleton neonates and its relationship to gestational age, birth weight and birth length in Sokoto north western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in some selected hospitals in Sokoto metropolis, between March and November 2012. Using semi-structured questionnaire data on gestational age, birth weight, length, gender were collected of full-term singleton normal delivery babies of apparently healthy mothers. Four millilitres of cord blood were collected to determine the SAFP using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Method. The...

Kidney International Supplements, 2013

Patients with proteinuria are at high risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Since this ... more Patients with proteinuria are at high risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Since this risk can be reduced by appropriate interventions, we hypothesized that remote dwellers, who are known to have lower access to health care, might have a higher risk of complications. Using a database of all adults with at least one measure of urine protein between May 2002 and March 2009, we examined the frequency of heavy proteinuria, quality of care delivery, and rates of adverse clinical outcomes across travel distance categories to the nearest nephrologist. Heavy proteinuria was defined by an albumin:creatinine ratio X60 mg/mmol, protein:creatinine ratio X100 mg/mmol, or protein X2 þ on dipstick urinalysis. Of 1,359,330 subjects in the study, 262,209 were remote dwellers. The overall prevalence of proteinuria was 2.3%, 2.9%, and 2.5% in those who live 4200, 100.1-200, and 50.1-100 km, respectively, as compared to 1.5% in those who live within 50 km of the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of heavy proteinuria was increased among remote dwellers compared to urban dwellers (P ¼ 0.001 for trend). There were no differences in markers of good-quality care or the rate of adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, heart failure, and renal outcomes) across distance categories. However, the rates of hospitalizations and stroke were significantly higher with increased distance from the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, heavy proteinuria was common in Alberta residents, especially in remote dwellers. Care seemed similar across distance categories of travel, but with higher risk of hospitalizations and stroke among remote dwellers. Further work is needed to understand the basis for the increased risk of hospitalizations and stroke.

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2009

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and possibl... more Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and possibly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Obesity has been linked to MA, though the prevalence of MA in overweight groups is not well documented. This population study with an overrepresentation of individuals with BMI >25 (calculated as kg/m2) investigates the prevalence of MA in different BMI categories, and the relationship between MA and BMI. Methods: Data from two cross-sectional epidemiological studies in the City of Sheffield were combined to produce a cohort of non-diabetic, non-CKD subjects over the age of 18. The first study, Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Programme in Sheffield (KEAPS), is a general population screening programme, whilst Kidney Evaluation in Overweight Population in Sheffield (KEOPS) is a screening programme specifically for individuals with BMI >25. Results: The combined database had 1,179 subjects eligible for analysis after applying exclusion criteria. The pre...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2011

Renal practitioners are expected to apply the best available evidence from rigorous scientific re... more Renal practitioners are expected to apply the best available evidence from rigorous scientific research to clinical decision-making and also for policy-making for those involved. Advances in information technology and unprecedented access to data have simplified the process for the search of best available evidence to guide practice. However, it is challenging to cope with the increasing volume of publications in nephrology and other areas of medicine. Accordingly, systematic reviews and meta-analysis have greatly facilitated best practice and effective clinical decision-making. Conducting a systematic review/meta-analysis involves a number of steps that start with protocol development and research question formulation, design and study selection criteria, followed by retrieval of potentially relevant studies, selection of those studies to be included and evaluation of a study’s risk of bias. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have both strengths and weaknesses. Many of the percei...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2010

The global population is aging due to a reduction in youthful deaths and an extension of the late... more The global population is aging due to a reduction in youthful deaths and an extension of the later stages of life. With aging comes a decline in the physiologic functions of various organs and systems. Vascular aging is associated with structural and functional changes of the arterial wall leading to loss of elasticity and compliance. Renal vasculature is not spared as aging is associated with arterial, arteriolar and capillary, glomerular changes (glomerulosclerosis). It is likely that age-related vascular changes are linked to the decline in renal function observed with aging. These changes occur at varying stages of aging depending on predisposing genetic factors and associated life course exposure to cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. The decline in renal function with ‘normal’ aging in the absence of associated progressive cardiovascular disease is slow and does not seem to be of major clinical significance. The current definition of chronic kidney...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2010

Background/Objectives: Microalbuminuria (MA) detects subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease ... more Background/Objectives: Microalbuminuria (MA) detects subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among diabetics, hypertensives and the general population. There is still a paucity of data on prevalence and risk factors for MA in the UK. We examined in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and risk factors for MA in the general population of Sheffield, UK. Methods: The study was conducted among participants of the Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Program in Sheffield (KEAPS), a population-based screening program for MA. The screening tools included a questionnaire collating information on demographics, lifestyle, medical and family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CKD. MA measurements were obtained by immunonephelometry, and MA thresholds were defined using the albumin-creatinine ratio. Results: The prevalence of MA was 7.1% in a random sample of a Sheffield-based population screened only once. The prevalence was 6.2% in the non-...

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2013

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health, 2021

Background: The practice of self-medication is a global phenomenon. The prevalence of self-medica... more Background: The practice of self-medication is a global phenomenon. The prevalence of self-medication varies globally from 60-90%. There are many reasons for the increase in self-medication practices across the world, like poor diagnostic and management ability of health care workers that lead to low utilisation of health care services. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and practices of self-medication among university students. Method: The total number of respondents was 215 and were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi, structured self-administered adapted questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Data was first entered into Excel and analysed using SPSS v.20 software. Results: The response rate was 96% (n=206) and the prevalence of self-medication practice was found to be 88.3% (n=182). Headache 73.8% (n=152) and Fever 57.3% (n=118) were the commonest reasons for self-medication. There was no association between self-medication and availability of professional medical service (χ2 = 0.79, P = 078), sex (χ2 = 0.26, P = 0.61), and marital status (χ2 = 0.04, P = 0.81). However, a significant association was observed between self-medication and knowledge (χ2 = 6.10, P = 0.02), smoking (χ2 = 9.71, P = 0.01) and having a medical insurance (χ2 = 7.11 and P = 0.01). The common medications used for self-medications are analgesics (98.9%), antibiotics (58.3%) and cough mixture (46.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication observed among students is high. There is a need to increase awareness of the dangers associated with self-medication.

A B ST R A C T The challenge to feed the increasing world’s population with nutritionally balance... more A B ST R A C T The challenge to feed the increasing world’s population with nutritionally balanced food is enormous hence determining the nutritional value of food is highly valuable in order to ensure the status of food. In our study, we determined the carbohydrate, protein, lipid, ash, fibre, energy and moisture content of Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum consumed in Nigeria, particularly in Nasarawa State. The Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu contents of the two samples were also determined. High contents of carbohydrate, proteins and fat of 11.89, 27.67, and 52.48%; and 12.58, 24.92 and 49.44% were found in Colocynthis citrullus and Sesanum indicum respectively. The mineral contents of the two seeds showed a relatively high content of some of the minerals.

Green Processing and Synthesis, 2020

This study was focused to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the aqueous extract of Bis... more This study was focused to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the aqueous extract of Bistorta amplexicaule and to evaluate their antimicrobial, antifungal, and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation potential. The AgNps from B. amplexicaule were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The biological activity of the AgNps was checked against the three bacterial and two fungal strains. The inhibition activities of the synthesized nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria and fungi were equally studied using the colony-forming unit method. The AgNps synthesized showed excellent bactericidal and fungicidal activities against pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The removal of nitrophenols is one of the most demanding tasks, due to their injurious impact on th...

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2021

Background and Aims Fluid overload and vascular stiffness are two independent predictors of cardi... more Background and Aims Fluid overload and vascular stiffness are two independent predictors of cardiovascular events in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To date, observational and interventional studies that investigated the effect of inter- and intradialytic fluid overload changes on vascular stiffness in HD patients are very limited. We performed a scoping review to explore existing reports about effects of fluid overload on vascular stiffness in adults receiving HD treatment and to identify knowledge gaps for future research. Method We followed the framework originally developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of systematic reviews from inception to October 29, 2019. References of review papers were screened for relevant studies not identified from the initial search until saturation is achieved. Results Of 666 eligible studies, nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. These included clinical observational studies (n=16) and randomiz...

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

Enzymes are highly valuable in the industry, such industries are food, beverage industry and the ... more Enzymes are highly valuable in the industry, such industries are food, beverage industry and the biofuel sector. Amylases are very important in starch proc liquefaction, hydrolysis and saccharification. Alpha amylase has liquefying ability by hydrolysing the glycosidic bonds at internal positions. This paper aims to present a brief overview of the sequence comparison between plant alpha amylase sequences were obtained from the NCBI, aligned using the clustal phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Mega 7.0 tool. The proteins can be classified into three distinct families; one, two and three. Each family has some features, family one amylases are proteins of about 450 amino acids long with signal peptides at their N-terminus, family two proteins are similar in size to those of family one but are cytosolic with no targeting peptide. In contrast, family thr targeted to the chloroplast with transit peptides at their N 900 amino acids long. In addition, the last family of protein has an additional domain that is yet to be fully characterized. Across the three thus conservation of the catalytic domain which is at the C the proteins are evolutionary related and perform similar functions. The unknown domain in family three amylases is also conserve may be a starch binding domain that is required for the family three amylases to digest storage starch in the plastid.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, Jan 29, 2018

Deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of potentially toxic trace elements are common ... more Deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of potentially toxic trace elements are common in patients on hemodialysis. Whether these abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes is unknown but worth investigating, because they are potentially treatable. We did a prospective longitudinal study of 1278 patients on incident hemodialysis, assessing blood concentrations of 25 trace elements at baseline. We used adjusted logistic regression to evaluate the association between trace element status and four outcomes (death, cardiovascular events, systemic infection, and hospitalization). hypotheses concerned () deficiency of zinc, selenium, and manganese and () excess of lead, arsenic, and mercury. Concentrations of the other 19 elements were tested in hypothesis-generating analyses. Over 2 years of follow-up, 260 (20%) patients died, 285 (24%) experienced a cardiovascular event, 117 (10%) were hospitalized for systemic infection, and 928 (77%) were hospitalized for any cause. Low...

Canadian journal of kidney health and disease, 2018

The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) provides an estimate of risk of progression to kidney fai... more The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) provides an estimate of risk of progression to kidney failure, and may guide clinical care. We aimed to describe patient, family, and health care provider's perspectives of the perceived benefits and challenges of using a risk-based approach to guide care delivery for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and refine implementation based on their input. We used qualitative methodology to explore perceived benefits and challenges of implementing a risk-based approach (using the KFRE) to determine eligibility for multidisciplinary CKD care in Southern Alberta. We obtained perspectives from patients and families through focus groups, as well as input from health care providers through interviews and open-ended responses from an online survey. Twelve patients/family members participated in 2 focus groups, 16 health care providers participated in an interview, and 40 health care providers responded to the survey. Overall, particip...

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, Jan 26, 2018

The eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from bark extract of Albizia cheval... more The eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from bark extract of Albizia chevalier are reported here for their anti-proliferative, antibacterial and pollutant degradation potentials. The synthesized AgNps were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-rays spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction studies. The TEM and FESEM images show a monodispersed spherical shaped particles of approximately 30 nm. Crystalline peaks were obtained for the synthesized AgNps in XRD spectrum. The AgNps were investigated for in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities and its potential to degrade 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and congo red dye (CR). The MTT results shows a significant dose-dependent antiproliferation effect of the AgNps on the cell lines HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and MFC7. The effect was found more pronounced in MDA-MB-231 as compared to MFC-7 cell lines. The antibacterial r...

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2017

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, Jan 22, 2017

Low concentrations and excessive concentrations of trace elements have been commonly reported in ... more Low concentrations and excessive concentrations of trace elements have been commonly reported in hemodialysis patients, but available studies have several important limitations. Random sample of patients drawn from a prospective cohort. 198 incident hemodialysis patients treated in 3 Canadian centers. We used mass spectrometry to measure plasma concentrations of the 25 elements at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following enrollment in the cohort. We focused on low concentrations of zinc, selenium, and manganese and excessive concentrations of lead, arsenic, and mercury; low and excessive concentrations of the other 19 trace elements were treated as exploratory analyses. Low and excessive concentrations were based on the 5th and 95th percentile plasma concentrations from healthy reference populations. At all 4 occasions, low zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations were uncommon in study participants (≤5.1%, ≤1.8%, and ≤0.9% for zinc, selenium, and manganese, respectivel...

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, Jan 19, 2017

The study concentrate on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the leaves extract... more The study concentrate on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis with focus on its; antiproliferation effect on prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines, antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the degradation on 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and congo red dye (CR). The synthesized AgNps were characterized by FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD and EDX analysis. The EDS spectrum revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles (Nps) were composed of 55.45% Ag atoms of spherical shape with approximately 50nm size, identified from TEM and FESEM data. The antiproliferation effect of the AgNps varies with cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The result showed that the AgNps were more effective on PC3 (IC50 23.48μg/mL) than MCF7 (29.25μg/mL) and HepG2 (33.25μg/mL) by the virtue of their IC50 values. The AgNps were highly effective against E. coli and S. aureus by killing 9...

Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Aug 22, 2017

We present here the biosynthesis of AgNps from the aqueous extract of H. thebaica fruit, and moni... more We present here the biosynthesis of AgNps from the aqueous extract of H. thebaica fruit, and monitored through UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The functional group were characterized through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the particle size, morphologies and elemental composition of the nanoparticles were investigated by using TEM, FESEM and EDS respectively. The anti-proliferation activity of the synthesized AgNps was carried out using MTT assay on human prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. The anti-proliferation assay showed that the AgNps were able to inhibit the proliferation of the cancer cell lines in a dose depending manner. The effect was found more pronounced on prostate (IC50 2.6 mg/mL) followed by breast (IC50 4.8 mg/mL) and then liver cancer cell lines (IC50 6.8 mg/mL). The prepared AgNps were found to inhibit 99% growth of both E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h of incubation. The nanoparticles were used for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and Congo...

Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported the reference range of serum alpha- foeto pr... more Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported the reference range of serum alpha- foeto protein in apparently healthy full-term neonates, which could help in screening, diagnosis and monitoring of intrauterine anomaly during pregnancy. However such studies are lacking in Sokoto metropolis. The objective of this study was to determine the reference range of serum alphafoetoprotein (SAFP) in full-term singleton neonates and its relationship to gestational age, birth weight and birth length in Sokoto north western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in some selected hospitals in Sokoto metropolis, between March and November 2012. Using semi-structured questionnaire data on gestational age, birth weight, length, gender were collected of full-term singleton normal delivery babies of apparently healthy mothers. Four millilitres of cord blood were collected to determine the SAFP using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Method. The...

Kidney International Supplements, 2013

Patients with proteinuria are at high risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Since this ... more Patients with proteinuria are at high risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Since this risk can be reduced by appropriate interventions, we hypothesized that remote dwellers, who are known to have lower access to health care, might have a higher risk of complications. Using a database of all adults with at least one measure of urine protein between May 2002 and March 2009, we examined the frequency of heavy proteinuria, quality of care delivery, and rates of adverse clinical outcomes across travel distance categories to the nearest nephrologist. Heavy proteinuria was defined by an albumin:creatinine ratio X60 mg/mmol, protein:creatinine ratio X100 mg/mmol, or protein X2 þ on dipstick urinalysis. Of 1,359,330 subjects in the study, 262,209 were remote dwellers. The overall prevalence of proteinuria was 2.3%, 2.9%, and 2.5% in those who live 4200, 100.1-200, and 50.1-100 km, respectively, as compared to 1.5% in those who live within 50 km of the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of heavy proteinuria was increased among remote dwellers compared to urban dwellers (P ¼ 0.001 for trend). There were no differences in markers of good-quality care or the rate of adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, heart failure, and renal outcomes) across distance categories. However, the rates of hospitalizations and stroke were significantly higher with increased distance from the nearest nephrologist (Po0.001and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, heavy proteinuria was common in Alberta residents, especially in remote dwellers. Care seemed similar across distance categories of travel, but with higher risk of hospitalizations and stroke among remote dwellers. Further work is needed to understand the basis for the increased risk of hospitalizations and stroke.

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2009

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and possibl... more Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and possibly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Obesity has been linked to MA, though the prevalence of MA in overweight groups is not well documented. This population study with an overrepresentation of individuals with BMI >25 (calculated as kg/m2) investigates the prevalence of MA in different BMI categories, and the relationship between MA and BMI. Methods: Data from two cross-sectional epidemiological studies in the City of Sheffield were combined to produce a cohort of non-diabetic, non-CKD subjects over the age of 18. The first study, Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Programme in Sheffield (KEAPS), is a general population screening programme, whilst Kidney Evaluation in Overweight Population in Sheffield (KEOPS) is a screening programme specifically for individuals with BMI >25. Results: The combined database had 1,179 subjects eligible for analysis after applying exclusion criteria. The pre...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2011

Renal practitioners are expected to apply the best available evidence from rigorous scientific re... more Renal practitioners are expected to apply the best available evidence from rigorous scientific research to clinical decision-making and also for policy-making for those involved. Advances in information technology and unprecedented access to data have simplified the process for the search of best available evidence to guide practice. However, it is challenging to cope with the increasing volume of publications in nephrology and other areas of medicine. Accordingly, systematic reviews and meta-analysis have greatly facilitated best practice and effective clinical decision-making. Conducting a systematic review/meta-analysis involves a number of steps that start with protocol development and research question formulation, design and study selection criteria, followed by retrieval of potentially relevant studies, selection of those studies to be included and evaluation of a study’s risk of bias. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have both strengths and weaknesses. Many of the percei...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2010

The global population is aging due to a reduction in youthful deaths and an extension of the late... more The global population is aging due to a reduction in youthful deaths and an extension of the later stages of life. With aging comes a decline in the physiologic functions of various organs and systems. Vascular aging is associated with structural and functional changes of the arterial wall leading to loss of elasticity and compliance. Renal vasculature is not spared as aging is associated with arterial, arteriolar and capillary, glomerular changes (glomerulosclerosis). It is likely that age-related vascular changes are linked to the decline in renal function observed with aging. These changes occur at varying stages of aging depending on predisposing genetic factors and associated life course exposure to cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. The decline in renal function with ‘normal’ aging in the absence of associated progressive cardiovascular disease is slow and does not seem to be of major clinical significance. The current definition of chronic kidney...

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2010

Background/Objectives: Microalbuminuria (MA) detects subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease ... more Background/Objectives: Microalbuminuria (MA) detects subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among diabetics, hypertensives and the general population. There is still a paucity of data on prevalence and risk factors for MA in the UK. We examined in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and risk factors for MA in the general population of Sheffield, UK. Methods: The study was conducted among participants of the Kidney Evaluation and Awareness Program in Sheffield (KEAPS), a population-based screening program for MA. The screening tools included a questionnaire collating information on demographics, lifestyle, medical and family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CKD. MA measurements were obtained by immunonephelometry, and MA thresholds were defined using the albumin-creatinine ratio. Results: The prevalence of MA was 7.1% in a random sample of a Sheffield-based population screened only once. The prevalence was 6.2% in the non-...

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2013