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Papers by ammar algburi

Diyala Journal of Medicine, Jun 30, 2023

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affected ... more Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affected by it. The occurrence of this type of disease is very common. It has been associated with causing many genetic diseases with a significant change in phenotypic pattern. People with this type of disease suffer from intellectual disability that ranges from mild to moderate, delay in growth and the emergence of some distinctive signs in the face. It leads to Alzheimer's in some cases. The treatment cost is very high and exorbitant, many laboratories have sophisticated diagnoses methods, but they are expensive and require high skill. Therefore, this disease still needs to develop many genetic methods to facilitate its diagnosis infection rates reduction among humans.The present review article empasied an overview of DS-associated phenotypes diagnosis and managment of the disease. Furthermore,we have also Reviewed further parental diagnosis methods to facilate moleculr methods CSV, MLPA, FISH, QF-PCR, PSQ, and NGS and noninvasive dignosis in details.

Bacterial vaginosis, the polymicrobial vaginal infection, occurs in women of an adolescent and ch... more Bacterial vaginosis, the polymicrobial vaginal infection, occurs in women of an adolescent and childbearing age and associated with numerous gynecological and obstetric complications.This infection is characterized by the presence of thick-adherent vaginal biofilms, composed mainly of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus curtisii, Prevotella bivia and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Gardnerella vaginalis is thought to be one of the primary etiological agent of the infection paving the way for various opportunists to colonize the ecological niche. The failure of conventional treatment with synthetic antibiotics is largely due to antibiotic tolerance of biofilmassociated cells and infection recurrence with antibiotic-resistant mutants. The dissertation-related articles include four major components of the study. First one is a review on importance of natural derived antimicrobials (alone and particularly in combination with antibiotic) as an effective strategies for combating the tolerance of biofilm-associated pathogens to antibiotic treatment. Second component is our study aimed at evaluation of antimicrobial activity of natural derived substances, subtilosin, εpoly-L-lysine and lauramide arginine ethyl ester against established biofilms of G. vaginalis, using three commonly utilized methods (plate counts, ATP viability and resazurin assays) to assess cell viability in the antimicrobial-treated G. vaginalis biofilms.

Diyala Journal of Medicine

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affecte... more Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a resulting from a defect of the genotype in patients affected by it. The occurrence of this type of disease is very common. It has been associated with causing many genetic diseases with a significant change in phenotypic pattern. People with this type of disease suffer from intellectual disability that ranges from mild to moderate, delay in growth and the emergence of some distinctive signs in the face. It leads to Alzheimer’s in some cases. The treatment cost is very high and exorbitant, many laboratories have sophisticated diagnoses methods, but they are expensive and require high skill. Therefore, this disease still needs to develop many genetic methods to facilitate its diagnosis infection rates reduction among humans.The present review article empasied an overview of DS-associated phenotypes diagnosis and managment of the disease. Furthermore,we have also Reviewed further parental diagnosis methods to facilate moleculr methods ...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of CFS of the selected lactobacilli, alo... more This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of CFS of the selected lactobacilli, alone and in combination with antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with chronic otitis media. In addition, we investigated the ability of tested lactobacilli (a mixed of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) to co-aggregate with the isolated pathogens.. One hundred sixty-two ear swab were collected from patients had otitis media with chronic discharging . These patients attended to the ENT department in the medical consultation clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital and to private doctors’ clinics. Ear swabs were taken from both sexes, male and female starting from September to the end of December, 2021. The isolates were identified based on their morphological features of the colonies and some biochemical tests. The final identification and antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolates was confirmed by VITEK2 compact system. The results showed that...

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects on poultry health and wellbeing. One promising ... more Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects on poultry health and wellbeing. One promising strategy for discovering Bacillus probiotics is selecting strains from the microbiota of healthy chickens and subsequent screening for potential biological activity. In this study, we focused on three probiotic strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chickens bred in different housing types. In addition to the previously reported poultry probiotic Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, three strains with antimutagenic and antioxidant properties Bacillus subtilis KB16, Bacillus subtilis KB41, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54, were investigated. Their potential effects on broiler health, growth performance, and the immune system were evaluated in vivo. Two hundred newly hatched Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 40). Four groups received a standard diet supplemented with the studied bacilli for 42 days, and one group with no supplements was used as ...

Frontiers in Nutrition, 2020

In this study, Argentinean oregano essential oil (OEO) nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed. Four N... more In this study, Argentinean oregano essential oil (OEO) nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed. Four NEs were prepared: a control (CNE), EONE1 (10.6 mg EO/g NE), EONE2 (106 mg EO/ g NE), and EONE3 (160 mg EO/g NE) and tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14213, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a broth microdilution assay and quorum sensing inhibition in a model using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, where the production of violacein was quantified. The chemical composition of the EO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average particle size (nm) and polydispersity index were monitored over 14 days at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23 • C). A rheological behavior study was carried out using a dynamic shear rheometer, and flow curves, as well as viscoelastic properties, were determined. E. coli and L. monocytogenes were the most sensitive microorganisms to EONE (MIC of 2 and 5 mg/ml for EOEN3). Sub-MICs for NE were found at lower concentrations than those for pure EO. A significant reduction in violet pigment intensity and colorless coloration (p < 0.05) were observed at different NE concentrations concerning the control sample. The flow behavior index (n) decreased, and the consistency index (k) increased when the EO concentration was increased. CNE, EONE1, and EONE2 showed liquid-like behavior (G ′ < G ′′) in the low-frequency region, whereas a solid-like behavior (G ′ > G ′′) was observed in the high-frequency region, presenting a viscoelastic behavior, appearing as a wormlike micellar solution. For EONE3, a strong increase in both moduli was observed with increasing OEO concentration. The G ′ was about one order of magnitude higher than the G ′′ over the whole frequency range, indicating the presence of a gel-like structure. The incorporation of EOs into an NE increased their stability, lowering the particle size, leading to a wormlike micelle with higher viscosity. Moreover, this NE had good antimicrobial activity and novel quorum-sensing inhibition activity. The results of this study indicated that Argentinean OEO NE could be used in a food system as a natural and stable antimicrobial agent.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2017

Antibiotic resistance and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a polymicrobial infection, just... more Antibiotic resistance and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a polymicrobial infection, justify the need for novel antimicrobials to counteract microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Previously, two series of cationic amphiphiles (CAms), which self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures with membrane-lytic properties, were designed with hydrophilic head groups and non-polar domains. The combination of CAms with commonly prescribed antibiotics is suggested as a promising strategy for targeting microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. Activity of the CAms against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14018, a BV representative pathogen, ranged from 1.1 to 24.4 μM. Interestingly, the tested healthy Lactobacillus species, especially L. plantarum ATCC 39268, were significantly more tolerant to CAms compared to the selected pathogens. In addition, CAms prevented biofilm formation at concentrations which did not influence the normal growth ability of G. vagi...

Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2017

Subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, targets the... more Subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, targets the surface receptor and electrostatically binds to the bacterial cell membrane. In this study, subtilosin was purified using ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) precipitation and purified via column chromatography. Subtilosin's antibacterial minimum and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC and sub-MIC) and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm prevention) were established. Subtilosin was evaluated as a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor in Gram-positive bacteria using Fe(III) reduction assay. In Gram-negative bacteria, subtilosin was evaluated as a QS inhibitor utilizing Chromobacterium voilaceum as a microbial reporter. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was more sensitive to subtilosin with MIC of 6.25 μg/mL when compared to Listeria monocytogenes (125 μg/mL). The lowest concentration of subtilosin, at which more than 90% of G. vaginalis biofilm was inhibited without effecting the grow...

Journal of Food Safety, 2017

Curcumin, a hydrophobic phenolic compound isolated from tumeric (Curcuma longa), has gained a gre... more Curcumin, a hydrophobic phenolic compound isolated from tumeric (Curcuma longa), has gained a great attention due to its health benefits and antimicrobial effects. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) were formulated via acusto-plastic deformation technique, with three differently surface-charged surfactants-sodium dodecylsulfate, Tween 20 and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). The fabricated CNPs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, one of the most severe foodborne pathogens. Our results demonstrated that the CNPs formulated with positively charged surfactant (CTAB) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, indicating that there is a strong relationship between surface charge and antimicrobial activity of curcumin. The enhanced antimicrobial action of CNPs-CTAB was concluded to be due to the increased cell-antimicrobial interaction, which resulted from the opposing electrical charges between CNPs-CTAB and L. monocytogenes cells, as well as increased antimicrobial penetration endowed by the small size. Practical applications In this study, we showed that surface charge as well as the small size of curcumin nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing cell-antimicrobial interaction and antimicrobial efficacy. The fabricated CNP-CTAB showed the best antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. A size reduction to nano-scale is a recently developed strategy used to improve drug/food delivery and matching the public demand for effective and safe antimicrobial formulations for control of foodborne pathogens. 1 | INTRODUCTION Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is a foodborne pathogen with high mortality rate (Painter & Slutsker, 2007). It is particularly dangerous for pregnant women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1999), the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems (Painter & Slutsker, 2007). According to the data from 2000 to 2008, about 1,600 illnessnes and 260 deaths are reported annually in the United States due to listeriosis (Scallan et al., 2011). There has been a growing public demand for effective and safe antimicrobial formulations suitable for control of foodborne pathogens. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a hydrophobic phenolic compound isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa), a plant native to tropical South Asia (Ruby, Kuttan, Babu, Rajasekharan, & Kuttan, 1995). Pharmacological activities of curcumin have recently gained a great deal of interest in the microbial field, with properties including anti-inflammatory (Jurenka,

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016

Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells... more Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells. Furthermore, with variations in the concentration of antibiotics throughout a biofilm, microbial cells are often exposed to levels below inhibitory concentrations and may develop resistance. This, as well as the irresponsible use of antibiotics, leads to the selection of pathogens that are difficult to eradicate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention use the terms “antibiotic” and “antimicrobial agent” interchangeably. However, a clear distinction between these two terms is required for the purpose of this assessment. Therefore, we define “antibiotics” as pharmaceutically formulated and medically administered substances and “antimicrobials” as a broad category of substances which are not regulated as drugs. This comprehensive minireview evaluates the effect of natural antimicrobials on pathogens in biofilms when used instead of, or in combination with, commonly prescribed anti...

Advances in Microbiology, 2016

This study reports on the safety and putative probiotic properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ... more This study reports on the safety and putative probiotic properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933. According to the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, cell-free supernatants of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were not mutagenic. The two strains co-aggregated with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cell-free supernatants inhibited the growth of Streptococcus intermedius and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Endospores of B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895 and B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 were tolerant to 0.3% (w/v) bile salts and survived incubation for 4 h in MRS broth at pH 2.0 to 3.0. The ability of the two strains to produce antimicrobial compounds potentiates their application in health care formulations, personal care products, food and animal feed.

Pathogens and disease, Jan 2, 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of clindamycin and metronidazole to synergi... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of clindamycin and metronidazole to synergize with natural antimicrobials against biofilms of bacterial vaginosis (BV) associated Gardnerella vaginalis. Minimum bactericidal concentrations for biofilm cells (MBCs-B) were determined for each antimicrobial. The MBCs-B of lauramide arginine ethyl ester (LAE), subtilosin, clindamycin and metronidazole were 50 μg mL(-1), 69.5 μg mL(-1), 20 mg mL(-1) and 500 μg mL(-1), respectively. A checkerboard assay and isobologram were used to analyze the type of interactions between these antimicrobials. Combination of metronidazole with natural antimicrobials did not inhibit planktonic lactobacilli. Clindamycin with either LAE or with subtilosin was inhibitory for planktonic but not for biofilm-associated lactobacilli. All tested antimicrobial combinations were inhibitory for BV-associated Mobiluncus curtisii and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. LAE and subtilosin synergized with clindamycin and m...

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, Feb 9, 2016

Inspired by high promise using naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to treat infecti... more Inspired by high promise using naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to treat infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, cationic amphiphiles (CAms) were strategically designed as synthetic mimics to overcome associated limitations, including high manufacture cost and low metabolic stability. CAms with facially amphiphilic conformation were expected to demonstrate membrane-lytic properties and thus reduce tendency of resistance development. By systematically tuning the hydrophobicity, CAms with optimized compositions exhibited potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentrations in low μg/mL range) as well as negligible hemolytic activity. Electron microscope images revealed the morphological and ultrastructure changes of bacterial membranes induced by CAm treatment and validated their membrane-disrupting mechanism. Additionally, an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation was employed to understand the CAm-membrane interaction o...

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection associated with numerous gynecological and obst... more Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection associated with numerous gynecological and obstetric complications. This condition is characterized by the presence of thick adherent vaginal biofilms, composed mainly of Gardnerella vaginalis. This organism is thought to be the primary aetiological cause of the infection paving the way for various opportunists to colonize the niche. Previously, we reported that the natural antimicrobials subtilosin, ε-poly-L-lysine, and lauramide arginine ethyl ester selectively inhibit the growth of this pathogen. In this study, we used plate counts to evaluate the efficacy of these antimicrobials against established biofilms of G. vaginalis. Additionally, we validated and compared two rapid methods (ATP viability and resazurin assays) for the assessment of cell viability in the antimicrobial-treated G. vaginalis biofilms. Out of the tested antimicrobials, lauramide arginine ethyl ester had the strongest bactericidal effect, followed by subtilosin,...

Baidaa R. Mohammad, Zainab M. Alzubaidy and Ammar Algburi Antibacterial activity of CuO and MgO n... more Baidaa R. Mohammad, Zainab M. Alzubaidy and Ammar Algburi Antibacterial activity of CuO and MgO nanoparticles in combination with levofloxacin against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections Journal of Research in Ecology (2020) 8(1): 2654-2663 Antibacterial activity of CuO and MgO nanoparticles in combination with levofloxacin against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections

Bacterial infection is a major cause with acute/chronic inflammatory diseases. Otitis media is on... more Bacterial infection is a major cause with acute/chronic inflammatory diseases. Otitis media is one of the most common reasons for children to visit a physicians and its important cause of hearing loss. A section prospective study with in ENT clinics in Diyala city from October 2018 to June 2019. A total 50 ear samples were collected from children up to 12 years old and cultured according to the standard microbiological procedures. In this study, we reported the draft genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. 6A, isolated from a patient with Acute Otites Media (AOM). The genome consists 5, 941, 665bp, with a GC 35.5%. It has 2335 predicted protein-coding genes encoding multidrug resistance transporters, virulence factors. The draft genome sequences project was deposited in Gen Bank under accession no. SAMN14163233. The draft genome was annotated using RAST tool. Furthermore, to estimate the phylotypes in the selected genomes, the 16S rRNA gene sequences were retrieved from the RAST annota...

Pathogens

Acinetobacter spp., the nosocomial pathogen, forms strong biofilms and is resistant to numerous a... more Acinetobacter spp., the nosocomial pathogen, forms strong biofilms and is resistant to numerous antibiotics, causing persistent infections. This study investigates the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of polymyxin E alone and in combination with the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the tested probiotic bacilli, Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 against the selected Acinetobacter spp. starins. Three isolates of Acinetobacter spp., designated as Acinetobacter spp. isolate 1; Acinetobacter spp. isolate 2, and Acinetobacter spp. isolate 3, were collected from patients with burns, wounds, and blood infections, respectively. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted using the VITEK2 system. Auto-aggregation and coaggregation of the tested bacilli strains with the selected Acinetobacter spp. isolates were evaluated. A disk diffusion assay was used to identify the microorganism’s susceptibility to the selected antib...

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing issue, and the development of novel... more Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing issue, and the development of novel antimicrobial compounds has not been able to keep pace with the emergence of multi drug resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides are source of inspiration for the development of next generation antimicrobial drugs; however, there are key limitations to the use of natural antimicrobial peptides, owing in large part to common pharmacological features that preclude their use outside of topical applications. The development of novel antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics via strategic chemical alterations is a means of improving on the functionality of natural antimicrobial peptides while tuning their pharmacological properties and in some instances, imparting novel mechanisms of action and functions outside of bactericidal activity as well.

Simple Summary Spore-forming probiotics are widely used in the poultry industry for their benefic... more Simple Summary Spore-forming probiotics are widely used in the poultry industry for their beneficial impact on host health. The main feature that separates spore-forming probiotics from the more common lactic acid probiotics is their high resistance to external and internal factors, resulting in higher viability in the host and correspondingly, greater efficiency. Their most important effect is the ability to confront pathogens, which makes them a perfect substitute for antibiotics. In this review, we cover and discuss the interactions of spore-forming probiotic bacteria with poultry as the host, their health promotion effects and mechanisms of action, impact on poultry productivity parameters, and ways to manufacture the probiotic formulation. The key focus of this review is the lack of reproducibility in poultry research studies on the evaluation of probiotics’ effects, which should be solved by developing and publishing a set of standard protocols in the professional community fo...

Frontiers in Microbiology

Foodborne pathogens, microbial recurrent infections, and antibiotic resistance have driven resear... more Foodborne pathogens, microbial recurrent infections, and antibiotic resistance have driven researchers to explore natural compounds as safe alternative antimicrobials. In this study, the chemical profile, antimicrobial, and mutagenic activities of the Elletaria cardamomum essential oil were investigated. GC-MS analysis identified the major bioactive components as α-terpinyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, linalool acetate, and sabinene, at concentrations of 34.95, 25.30, 8.13, and 5.48% respectively, of the essential oil’s content. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration of green cardamom essential oil was 1% against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14213. Green cardamom essential oil, when used at concentrations of 0.015, 0.031, 0.062, and 0.125% (v/v) prevented biofilm formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by 64.29, 65.98, 70.41, and 85.59%, respectively. Furthermore, these concentrations inhibited 6.13, 45.50, 49.45, and 100%, respecti...