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Papers by ankita shah

Polish Journal of Radiology

Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has clinically significant sequelae, even after recommended... more Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has clinically significant sequelae, even after recommended treatment completion. It is important to recognise these sequelae for accurate assessment of severity and treatment planning, if indicated. Material and methods: We retrospectively analysed contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of chest of 100 patients with previous history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis, excluding those with active pulmonary disease. CT findings were analysed based on parenchymal, airway, pleural, mediastinal, and vascular sequelae of PTB. Results: Parenchymal sequelae included fibrosis with architectural distortion and volume loss (90%), cavities (21%) (with aspergillomas noted in 19% of these cases), and tuberculomas (54%). Airway involvement was noted as bronchiectasis (77%) and bronchial stenosis (4%) but none with broncholithiasis. Mediastinal sequelae included lymph node calcification (74%), fibrosing mediastinitis (1%), and pericardial tuberculosis (2%). Pleural sequelae included pleural thickening (22%), with 40.9% of these patients showing calcifications, and one patient with chronic chylous pleural effusion. Vascular sequelae included Rasmussen aneurysms (4%), enlarged bronchial arteries (3%), and systemic bronchial collaterals in 1% of our patients. Conclusions: PTB has multiple appalling sequelae, which require due attention and appropriate treatment in symptomatic cases. Radiological evaluation forms an integral part in patient assessment and decision making.

PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

Aims and objectives To study the range of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, management o... more Aims and objectives To study the range of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, management of PAS, maternal outcome in PAS and post-operative complications in patients managed either by conservative or non-conservative management. Methodology Patient were diagnosed antenatally by 2D grey scale USG (ultrasonography) as PAS 0, 1 ,2 and 3 along with colour doppler studies. The decision of conservative versus non conservative management was taken by MDT (multidisciplinary team) along with the patients and relatives and after written and informed consent and elective surgery was planned between 34-35 weeks of gestation. Results Total number of cases studied over the period of 1 year were 45. On 2D gray scale USG, PAS 0 was seen in 60% followed by PAS 3 in 17.77% and only 6.66% of PAS 2. According to weeks of gestation OH with IIAL (internal iliac ligation) was performed in 42.22 % and OH without IIAL was performed in 37.77% and 20% patients who were managed by conservative method, 6...

ECS Meeting Abstracts

ABSTRACT The power density of a lithium ion battery is predominantly limited by poor ionic and el... more ABSTRACT The power density of a lithium ion battery is predominantly limited by poor ionic and electronic pathways in the battery electrodes. To overcome these limitations, we have fabricated positive electrodes composed of a two-dimensional (2D) layer-by-layer electrode architecture using electrophoretic deposition. In this architecture, alternating layers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and active lithium metal oxide nanoparticles are electrophoretically assembled onto a current collector. Each active metal oxide nanoparticle is precisely placed to make intimate contact with the conductive MWNT layers, eliminating all other electrode additives such as carbon black and polymeric binder (figure 1). Lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles (LiMn2O4, 300nm) are used as a model active material while MWNT are used as the scaffold. These multilayer electrodes demonstrate excellent rate capability up to 10C and cycling stability for over the 100 cycles tested (figure 2) in a Li/liquid electrolyte/LiMn2O4 cell. We observe that the electrode capacity per cm2increases linearly with the number of stacked layersat a rate of 0.06 mAh/per layer. Therefore, the capacity per footprint area can be increased by increasing the number of stacked layers. These multilayer electrodes are fabricated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the assembly time per layer is less than 60 seconds. As the number of layers is increased, the dependence of the electrode morphology on rate performance and cycle life is studied though galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and physical characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Multi-layer electrodes with higher capacity active materials such as the lithium-rich layered nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide will also be fabricated to further increase the capacity per footprint area of the microbattery [1, 2]. Acknowledgment: Financial support for this work was provided by the Department of Defense. 1. Thackeray, M., Kang, SH., Johnson, CS., Vaughey, JT., Benedek, R., and Hackney, SA., Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007. 17: p. 15. 2. W.C. West, J.S., M.C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Firdosy, V. Ravi, M. S. Anderson, J. Hrbacek, E. S. Lee, and A. Manthiram, Electrochemical Behavior of Layered Solid Solution Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M=Ni, Mn, Co) Li-Ion Cathodes with and without Alumina Coatings. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011. 158: p. 7.

Human Molecular Genetics

LgDel mice, which model the heterozygous deletion of genes at human chromosome 22q11.2 associated... more LgDel mice, which model the heterozygous deletion of genes at human chromosome 22q11.2 associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), have cranial nerve and craniofacial dysfunction as well as disrupted suckling, feeding, and swallowing, similar to key 22q11DS phenotypes. Divergent trigeminal nerve (CN V) differentiation and altered trigeminal ganglion (CNgV) cellular composition prefigure these disruptions in LgDel embryos. We therefore asked whether a distinct transcriptional state in a specific population of early differentiating LgDel cranial sensory neurons, those in CNgV, a major source of innervation for appropriate oropharyngeal function, underlies this departure from typical development. LgDel versus WT CNgV transcriptomes differ significantly at E10.5 just after the ganglion has coalesced. Some changes parallel altered proportions of cranial placode versus cranial neural crest-derived CNgV cells. Others are consistent with a shift in anterior-posterior patte...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Protein Losing Enteropathy Post Fontan procedure. Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is an uncommon... more Protein Losing Enteropathy Post Fontan procedure. Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is an uncommon cause of edema in children with congenital heart disease. Protein-Losing Enteropathy may be defined as excessive loss of proteins across the intestinal mucosa and is due to either a primary gastrointestinal abnormality or secondary to cardiac disease. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rare complication of the Fontan palliation for functional single-ventricle. Although PLE occurs in about 3.5% of patients post-Fontan, it confers marked morbidity and high mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. The pathogenesis of Fontan-related PLE is not completely understood, and it is unclear why it develops in some patients post-Fontan and not others. We describe a child with Double Inlet Right Ventricle who had undergone Fontan procedure, and presented to us with generalised oedema. The child had hypoproteinaemia, the common causes for which were ruled out and was diagnosed as Protein Losing Ente...

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

Isovaleric Acidemia (IVA) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by the deficiency ... more Isovaleric Acidemia (IVA) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by the deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase. It has the prevalence of 1 in 62,500 (in parts of Germany) to 1 in 250,000 live births (in the United States). Acute episodes of metabolic decompensations may occur, which may mimic sepsis, ketosis or shock. Early diagnosis & early initiation of treatment has been reported to correlate with a good neurocognitive outcome. This is case of child presenting in Paediatric emergency department with fever, vomiting, increased respiratory activity and lethargy. Child had GCS score of 8/15, acidotic breathing, hypotonia with hyporeflexia. Sepsis screen, metabolic work up and neuroimaging were all normal except for high anion Gap acidosis with ketosis. So further neurometabolic screening work up was done in view of persistent metabolic acidosis, developmental delay, and bad obstetric history in mother. It revealed increased excretion of isovalerylglycine...

Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics

Journal of Biological Chemistry

ADMET and DMPK

Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on solubility and dissolution advantages of... more Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on solubility and dissolution advantages of cocrystals over free forms, we systematically studied solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates of a weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and its cocrystals with fumaric acid and succinic acid as functions of pH to determine what advantages cocrystals provide. pH-solubility profiles were determined in two different ways: one by lowering pH of ketoconazole aqueous suspensions using HCl, fumaric acid and succinic acid, and the other by adjusting pH of cocrystal suspensions using respective coformer acids or NaOH. Similar pH-solubility profiles were obtained whether free base or cocrystals were used as starting materials to determine solubility. With the addition of fumaric and succinic acids to aqueous suspensions of free base to lower pH, the maximum solubility (pH max) was reached at pH ~3.5-4.0, below which the solubility decreased and cocrystals formed. The solubility, however, continued increasing when HCl was added to ketoconazole suspension as no cocrystal or salt was formed. During determination of cocrystal solubility, a conversion to free base was observed when pH was raised above pH max. Thus, pH-solubility profiles of cocrystals resembled solubility profiles commonly encountered with salts. Above pH max , both free base and cocrystal had similar solubility under identical pH conditions; the solubility of cocrystal was higher only if the pH differed. In contrast, intrinsic dissolution rates of cocrystals at pH>pH max under identical bulk pH were much higher than that of free ketoconazole since cocrystals had lower microenvironmental pH at the dissolving surface, where the solubility was high. Thus, cocrystals of basic drugs can potentially provide higher dissolution rates under intestinal pH conditions.

Drug and chemical toxicology, 2018

Several studies documented the ameliorative effects of curcumin which plays a pivotal role in rad... more Several studies documented the ameliorative effects of curcumin which plays a pivotal role in radical scavenging activities. It also participates in various cellular pathways and interacts with multiple targets. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of curcumin upon chromosomal genotoxicity induced by cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, using in vitro approaches. A plausible mechanism of how curcumin mitigates the genotoxic implications of cyclosporine was ascertained using in silico tools. We observed that the curcumin reduces the genotoxic consequences made by cyclosporine upon cell cycle checkpoints and associated chromosomal/DNA manifestations. In addition, we presented the mechanistic details of curcumin interaction with various biomacromolecule types using docking experiments which showed that the possible radical scavenging activities can only be emerged by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, supported by available experimental evidences. W...

Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 26, 2017

The objective of the study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), ... more The objective of the study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), also known as microemulsion preconcentrate, for oral delivery of five poorly water-soluble nutraceuticals or bioactive agents, namely, vitamin A, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. The SMEDDS contained a 1:1 mixture (w/w) of Capmul MCM NF (a medium chain monoglyceride) and Captex 355 EP/NF (a medium chain triglyceride) as the hydrophobic lipid and Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) as the hydrophilic surfactant. The lipid and surfactant were mixed at 50:50 w/w ratio. All three of the SMEDDS components have GRAS or safe food additive status. The solubility of nutraceuticals was determined in Capmul MCM, Captex 355, Tween 80, and the SMEDDS (microemulsion preconcentrate mixture). The solubility values of vitamin A palmitate, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol per g of SMEDDS were, respectively, 500, 12, 8, 56, and 87 mg. Appropriate formulations of nu...

Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 2018

The primary objective of this study was to develop lipid-based self-microemulsifying drug deliver... more The primary objective of this study was to develop lipid-based self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) without using any organic cosolvents that would spontaneously form microemulsions upon dilution with water. Cosolvents were avoided to prevent possible precipitation of drug upon dilution and other stability issues. Different polysorbates, namely, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80, were used as surfactants, and Captex 355 EP/NF (glycerol tricaprylate/caprate) or its 1:1 mixture with Capmul MCM NF (glycerol monocaprylocaprate) were used as lipids. Captex 355-Tween-water ternary phase diagrams showed that oil-in-water microemulsions were formed only when the surfactant content was high (80-90%) and the lipid content low (10-20%). Thus, mixtures of Tweens with Captex 355 alone were not suitable to prepare SMEDDS with substantial lipid contents. However, when Captex 355 was replaced with the 1:1 mixture of Captex 355 and Capmul MCM, clear isotropic microemulsion r...

Developmental biology, 2017

Cranial sensory ganglia are components of the peripheral nervous system that possess a significan... more Cranial sensory ganglia are components of the peripheral nervous system that possess a significant somatosensory role and include neurons within the trigeminal and epibranchial nerve bundles. Although it is well established that these ganglia arise from interactions between neural crest and neurogenic placode cells, the molecular basis of ganglia assembly is still poorly understood. Members of the Annexin protein superfamily play key roles in sensory nervous system development throughout metazoans. Annexin A6 is expressed in chick trigeminal and epibranchial placode cell-derived neuroblasts and neurons, but its function in cranial ganglia formation has not been elucidated. To this end, we interrogated the role of Annexin A6 using gene perturbation studies in the chick embryo. Our data reveal that placode cell-derived neuroblasts with reduced Annexin A6 levels ingress and migrate normally to the ganglionic anlage, where neural crest cell corridors correctly form around them. Striking...

Indian journal of experimental biology, Aug 1, 2016

Lead (Pb) which plays a significant role in modern industry is related to a broad range of physio... more Lead (Pb) which plays a significant role in modern industry is related to a broad range of physiological, biochemical, behavioural and genetical dysfunctions. Its exposure leads to an increased frequency of genetic aberrations in humans. Hence, this study was designed to assess the genotoxic effect of lead acetate at three dosage levels (10, 25 and 50 µg/mL) by employing: the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay and the Comet assay in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures. The results of this study revealed an increased level of DNA damage among treated groups. A significant increase in the tail length of comets and other indices was observed at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations comparatively. Thus, lead acetate induced single-strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB) in DNA, alkali-labile sites (ALS), oxidative DNA damage as well as DNA-DNA/DNA-protein/DNA-metal cross linking as evidenced by the Comet assay. The chromosome breakage, DNA misrepair, chromosome loss and te...

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2014

In the process of evolution the jaw has become smaller, allowing less room for the 3rd molars and... more In the process of evolution the jaw has become smaller, allowing less room for the 3rd molars and causing numerous dental problems. Research now indicates that in many of cases there is complete agenesis of 3rd molars which may be because of environmental influence on human evolutionary process. An objective of this study is to asses genesis and impaction of 3rd molar in adolescents of Ahmedabad city. This study was done in 100 adolescents (age 15-19 years) of Ahmedabad city during January 2013 to July 2013. Genesis or agenesis and impaction of 3rd molar was confirmed by Orthopantomogram (OPG) and data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test in GraphPad Prism software (6.0.3). Out of 100 adolescents, 66 have presence of tooth-buds of all four 3rd molars, while in 23 cases OPG shows absence of tooth-bud (agenesis) of one of the four 3rd molars, in 6 cases tooth-buds of two out of the four 3rd molar were absent, in 3 cases tooth-buds of three out of four were found to be absent and...

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, May 8, 2015

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2016

To share clinicopathological data of thyroid carcinoma from a high volume Tertiary Care Centre in... more To share clinicopathological data of thyroid carcinoma from a high volume Tertiary Care Centre in East India. To share the epidemiology and clinicopathological presentation of thyroid cancer at a high volume Tertiary Care Center in East India. Retrospective observational study. Forty-two consecutive patients of thyroid neoplasm diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and primarily underwent surgical treatment from July 2005 to June 2012 were included. Retrospective data analyses of patient's records were done. The statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info version 3.5.3. Forty-two patients underwent surgery for thyroid neoplasm. Median age of diagnosis was 39 years. It was 6 times more common in females (female:male - 6:1). Papillary carcinoma consists of 63.15%, follicular carcinoma consists of 23.68%, and medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma each consist of 5.26% of malignant cases. Out of them, lymph node metastases were seen in 17 patients (44.73%). FNAC shows positive predictive value of 89.74%. In our study, differentiated thyroid cancers were found to be more common in younger age group. Cervical lymph node metastases occur in a large number of patients. Central compartment lymph node dissection with exploration of lateral neck and modified neck dissection whenever needed is helpful in all cases of thyroid carcinoma for proper pathological staging. FNAC is rapid and efficient procedure with high positive predictive value in diagnosing thyroid neoplastic lesions.

Developmental Cell, 2016

Highlights d Specific vertebrate neural progenitor populations generated in vitro d Gene expressi... more Highlights d Specific vertebrate neural progenitor populations generated in vitro d Gene expression dynamics, transcription factor binding assessed in neural progenitors d Progenitor fate selected by repressors blocking entire programs of other identities d Repressors counteract non-selective morphogen and panneural activatory inputs

Polish Journal of Radiology

Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has clinically significant sequelae, even after recommended... more Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has clinically significant sequelae, even after recommended treatment completion. It is important to recognise these sequelae for accurate assessment of severity and treatment planning, if indicated. Material and methods: We retrospectively analysed contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of chest of 100 patients with previous history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis, excluding those with active pulmonary disease. CT findings were analysed based on parenchymal, airway, pleural, mediastinal, and vascular sequelae of PTB. Results: Parenchymal sequelae included fibrosis with architectural distortion and volume loss (90%), cavities (21%) (with aspergillomas noted in 19% of these cases), and tuberculomas (54%). Airway involvement was noted as bronchiectasis (77%) and bronchial stenosis (4%) but none with broncholithiasis. Mediastinal sequelae included lymph node calcification (74%), fibrosing mediastinitis (1%), and pericardial tuberculosis (2%). Pleural sequelae included pleural thickening (22%), with 40.9% of these patients showing calcifications, and one patient with chronic chylous pleural effusion. Vascular sequelae included Rasmussen aneurysms (4%), enlarged bronchial arteries (3%), and systemic bronchial collaterals in 1% of our patients. Conclusions: PTB has multiple appalling sequelae, which require due attention and appropriate treatment in symptomatic cases. Radiological evaluation forms an integral part in patient assessment and decision making.

PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

Aims and objectives To study the range of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, management o... more Aims and objectives To study the range of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders, management of PAS, maternal outcome in PAS and post-operative complications in patients managed either by conservative or non-conservative management. Methodology Patient were diagnosed antenatally by 2D grey scale USG (ultrasonography) as PAS 0, 1 ,2 and 3 along with colour doppler studies. The decision of conservative versus non conservative management was taken by MDT (multidisciplinary team) along with the patients and relatives and after written and informed consent and elective surgery was planned between 34-35 weeks of gestation. Results Total number of cases studied over the period of 1 year were 45. On 2D gray scale USG, PAS 0 was seen in 60% followed by PAS 3 in 17.77% and only 6.66% of PAS 2. According to weeks of gestation OH with IIAL (internal iliac ligation) was performed in 42.22 % and OH without IIAL was performed in 37.77% and 20% patients who were managed by conservative method, 6...

ECS Meeting Abstracts

ABSTRACT The power density of a lithium ion battery is predominantly limited by poor ionic and el... more ABSTRACT The power density of a lithium ion battery is predominantly limited by poor ionic and electronic pathways in the battery electrodes. To overcome these limitations, we have fabricated positive electrodes composed of a two-dimensional (2D) layer-by-layer electrode architecture using electrophoretic deposition. In this architecture, alternating layers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and active lithium metal oxide nanoparticles are electrophoretically assembled onto a current collector. Each active metal oxide nanoparticle is precisely placed to make intimate contact with the conductive MWNT layers, eliminating all other electrode additives such as carbon black and polymeric binder (figure 1). Lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles (LiMn2O4, 300nm) are used as a model active material while MWNT are used as the scaffold. These multilayer electrodes demonstrate excellent rate capability up to 10C and cycling stability for over the 100 cycles tested (figure 2) in a Li/liquid electrolyte/LiMn2O4 cell. We observe that the electrode capacity per cm2increases linearly with the number of stacked layersat a rate of 0.06 mAh/per layer. Therefore, the capacity per footprint area can be increased by increasing the number of stacked layers. These multilayer electrodes are fabricated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the assembly time per layer is less than 60 seconds. As the number of layers is increased, the dependence of the electrode morphology on rate performance and cycle life is studied though galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and physical characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Multi-layer electrodes with higher capacity active materials such as the lithium-rich layered nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide will also be fabricated to further increase the capacity per footprint area of the microbattery [1, 2]. Acknowledgment: Financial support for this work was provided by the Department of Defense. 1. Thackeray, M., Kang, SH., Johnson, CS., Vaughey, JT., Benedek, R., and Hackney, SA., Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007. 17: p. 15. 2. W.C. West, J.S., M.C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Firdosy, V. Ravi, M. S. Anderson, J. Hrbacek, E. S. Lee, and A. Manthiram, Electrochemical Behavior of Layered Solid Solution Li2MnO3-LiMO2 (M=Ni, Mn, Co) Li-Ion Cathodes with and without Alumina Coatings. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2011. 158: p. 7.

Human Molecular Genetics

LgDel mice, which model the heterozygous deletion of genes at human chromosome 22q11.2 associated... more LgDel mice, which model the heterozygous deletion of genes at human chromosome 22q11.2 associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), have cranial nerve and craniofacial dysfunction as well as disrupted suckling, feeding, and swallowing, similar to key 22q11DS phenotypes. Divergent trigeminal nerve (CN V) differentiation and altered trigeminal ganglion (CNgV) cellular composition prefigure these disruptions in LgDel embryos. We therefore asked whether a distinct transcriptional state in a specific population of early differentiating LgDel cranial sensory neurons, those in CNgV, a major source of innervation for appropriate oropharyngeal function, underlies this departure from typical development. LgDel versus WT CNgV transcriptomes differ significantly at E10.5 just after the ganglion has coalesced. Some changes parallel altered proportions of cranial placode versus cranial neural crest-derived CNgV cells. Others are consistent with a shift in anterior-posterior patte...

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Protein Losing Enteropathy Post Fontan procedure. Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is an uncommon... more Protein Losing Enteropathy Post Fontan procedure. Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is an uncommon cause of edema in children with congenital heart disease. Protein-Losing Enteropathy may be defined as excessive loss of proteins across the intestinal mucosa and is due to either a primary gastrointestinal abnormality or secondary to cardiac disease. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rare complication of the Fontan palliation for functional single-ventricle. Although PLE occurs in about 3.5% of patients post-Fontan, it confers marked morbidity and high mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. The pathogenesis of Fontan-related PLE is not completely understood, and it is unclear why it develops in some patients post-Fontan and not others. We describe a child with Double Inlet Right Ventricle who had undergone Fontan procedure, and presented to us with generalised oedema. The child had hypoproteinaemia, the common causes for which were ruled out and was diagnosed as Protein Losing Ente...

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

Isovaleric Acidemia (IVA) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by the deficiency ... more Isovaleric Acidemia (IVA) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by the deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase. It has the prevalence of 1 in 62,500 (in parts of Germany) to 1 in 250,000 live births (in the United States). Acute episodes of metabolic decompensations may occur, which may mimic sepsis, ketosis or shock. Early diagnosis & early initiation of treatment has been reported to correlate with a good neurocognitive outcome. This is case of child presenting in Paediatric emergency department with fever, vomiting, increased respiratory activity and lethargy. Child had GCS score of 8/15, acidotic breathing, hypotonia with hyporeflexia. Sepsis screen, metabolic work up and neuroimaging were all normal except for high anion Gap acidosis with ketosis. So further neurometabolic screening work up was done in view of persistent metabolic acidosis, developmental delay, and bad obstetric history in mother. It revealed increased excretion of isovalerylglycine...

Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics

Journal of Biological Chemistry

ADMET and DMPK

Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on solubility and dissolution advantages of... more Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on solubility and dissolution advantages of cocrystals over free forms, we systematically studied solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates of a weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and its cocrystals with fumaric acid and succinic acid as functions of pH to determine what advantages cocrystals provide. pH-solubility profiles were determined in two different ways: one by lowering pH of ketoconazole aqueous suspensions using HCl, fumaric acid and succinic acid, and the other by adjusting pH of cocrystal suspensions using respective coformer acids or NaOH. Similar pH-solubility profiles were obtained whether free base or cocrystals were used as starting materials to determine solubility. With the addition of fumaric and succinic acids to aqueous suspensions of free base to lower pH, the maximum solubility (pH max) was reached at pH ~3.5-4.0, below which the solubility decreased and cocrystals formed. The solubility, however, continued increasing when HCl was added to ketoconazole suspension as no cocrystal or salt was formed. During determination of cocrystal solubility, a conversion to free base was observed when pH was raised above pH max. Thus, pH-solubility profiles of cocrystals resembled solubility profiles commonly encountered with salts. Above pH max , both free base and cocrystal had similar solubility under identical pH conditions; the solubility of cocrystal was higher only if the pH differed. In contrast, intrinsic dissolution rates of cocrystals at pH>pH max under identical bulk pH were much higher than that of free ketoconazole since cocrystals had lower microenvironmental pH at the dissolving surface, where the solubility was high. Thus, cocrystals of basic drugs can potentially provide higher dissolution rates under intestinal pH conditions.

Drug and chemical toxicology, 2018

Several studies documented the ameliorative effects of curcumin which plays a pivotal role in rad... more Several studies documented the ameliorative effects of curcumin which plays a pivotal role in radical scavenging activities. It also participates in various cellular pathways and interacts with multiple targets. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of curcumin upon chromosomal genotoxicity induced by cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, using in vitro approaches. A plausible mechanism of how curcumin mitigates the genotoxic implications of cyclosporine was ascertained using in silico tools. We observed that the curcumin reduces the genotoxic consequences made by cyclosporine upon cell cycle checkpoints and associated chromosomal/DNA manifestations. In addition, we presented the mechanistic details of curcumin interaction with various biomacromolecule types using docking experiments which showed that the possible radical scavenging activities can only be emerged by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, supported by available experimental evidences. W...

Drug development and industrial pharmacy, Jan 26, 2017

The objective of the study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), ... more The objective of the study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), also known as microemulsion preconcentrate, for oral delivery of five poorly water-soluble nutraceuticals or bioactive agents, namely, vitamin A, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. The SMEDDS contained a 1:1 mixture (w/w) of Capmul MCM NF (a medium chain monoglyceride) and Captex 355 EP/NF (a medium chain triglyceride) as the hydrophobic lipid and Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) as the hydrophilic surfactant. The lipid and surfactant were mixed at 50:50 w/w ratio. All three of the SMEDDS components have GRAS or safe food additive status. The solubility of nutraceuticals was determined in Capmul MCM, Captex 355, Tween 80, and the SMEDDS (microemulsion preconcentrate mixture). The solubility values of vitamin A palmitate, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol per g of SMEDDS were, respectively, 500, 12, 8, 56, and 87 mg. Appropriate formulations of nu...

Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 2018

The primary objective of this study was to develop lipid-based self-microemulsifying drug deliver... more The primary objective of this study was to develop lipid-based self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) without using any organic cosolvents that would spontaneously form microemulsions upon dilution with water. Cosolvents were avoided to prevent possible precipitation of drug upon dilution and other stability issues. Different polysorbates, namely, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80, were used as surfactants, and Captex 355 EP/NF (glycerol tricaprylate/caprate) or its 1:1 mixture with Capmul MCM NF (glycerol monocaprylocaprate) were used as lipids. Captex 355-Tween-water ternary phase diagrams showed that oil-in-water microemulsions were formed only when the surfactant content was high (80-90%) and the lipid content low (10-20%). Thus, mixtures of Tweens with Captex 355 alone were not suitable to prepare SMEDDS with substantial lipid contents. However, when Captex 355 was replaced with the 1:1 mixture of Captex 355 and Capmul MCM, clear isotropic microemulsion r...

Developmental biology, 2017

Cranial sensory ganglia are components of the peripheral nervous system that possess a significan... more Cranial sensory ganglia are components of the peripheral nervous system that possess a significant somatosensory role and include neurons within the trigeminal and epibranchial nerve bundles. Although it is well established that these ganglia arise from interactions between neural crest and neurogenic placode cells, the molecular basis of ganglia assembly is still poorly understood. Members of the Annexin protein superfamily play key roles in sensory nervous system development throughout metazoans. Annexin A6 is expressed in chick trigeminal and epibranchial placode cell-derived neuroblasts and neurons, but its function in cranial ganglia formation has not been elucidated. To this end, we interrogated the role of Annexin A6 using gene perturbation studies in the chick embryo. Our data reveal that placode cell-derived neuroblasts with reduced Annexin A6 levels ingress and migrate normally to the ganglionic anlage, where neural crest cell corridors correctly form around them. Striking...

Indian journal of experimental biology, Aug 1, 2016

Lead (Pb) which plays a significant role in modern industry is related to a broad range of physio... more Lead (Pb) which plays a significant role in modern industry is related to a broad range of physiological, biochemical, behavioural and genetical dysfunctions. Its exposure leads to an increased frequency of genetic aberrations in humans. Hence, this study was designed to assess the genotoxic effect of lead acetate at three dosage levels (10, 25 and 50 µg/mL) by employing: the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay and the Comet assay in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures. The results of this study revealed an increased level of DNA damage among treated groups. A significant increase in the tail length of comets and other indices was observed at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations comparatively. Thus, lead acetate induced single-strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB) in DNA, alkali-labile sites (ALS), oxidative DNA damage as well as DNA-DNA/DNA-protein/DNA-metal cross linking as evidenced by the Comet assay. The chromosome breakage, DNA misrepair, chromosome loss and te...

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2014

In the process of evolution the jaw has become smaller, allowing less room for the 3rd molars and... more In the process of evolution the jaw has become smaller, allowing less room for the 3rd molars and causing numerous dental problems. Research now indicates that in many of cases there is complete agenesis of 3rd molars which may be because of environmental influence on human evolutionary process. An objective of this study is to asses genesis and impaction of 3rd molar in adolescents of Ahmedabad city. This study was done in 100 adolescents (age 15-19 years) of Ahmedabad city during January 2013 to July 2013. Genesis or agenesis and impaction of 3rd molar was confirmed by Orthopantomogram (OPG) and data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test in GraphPad Prism software (6.0.3). Out of 100 adolescents, 66 have presence of tooth-buds of all four 3rd molars, while in 23 cases OPG shows absence of tooth-bud (agenesis) of one of the four 3rd molars, in 6 cases tooth-buds of two out of the four 3rd molar were absent, in 3 cases tooth-buds of three out of four were found to be absent and...

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, May 8, 2015

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2016

To share clinicopathological data of thyroid carcinoma from a high volume Tertiary Care Centre in... more To share clinicopathological data of thyroid carcinoma from a high volume Tertiary Care Centre in East India. To share the epidemiology and clinicopathological presentation of thyroid cancer at a high volume Tertiary Care Center in East India. Retrospective observational study. Forty-two consecutive patients of thyroid neoplasm diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and primarily underwent surgical treatment from July 2005 to June 2012 were included. Retrospective data analyses of patient's records were done. The statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info version 3.5.3. Forty-two patients underwent surgery for thyroid neoplasm. Median age of diagnosis was 39 years. It was 6 times more common in females (female:male - 6:1). Papillary carcinoma consists of 63.15%, follicular carcinoma consists of 23.68%, and medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma each consist of 5.26% of malignant cases. Out of them, lymph node metastases were seen in 17 patients (44.73%). FNAC shows positive predictive value of 89.74%. In our study, differentiated thyroid cancers were found to be more common in younger age group. Cervical lymph node metastases occur in a large number of patients. Central compartment lymph node dissection with exploration of lateral neck and modified neck dissection whenever needed is helpful in all cases of thyroid carcinoma for proper pathological staging. FNAC is rapid and efficient procedure with high positive predictive value in diagnosing thyroid neoplastic lesions.

Developmental Cell, 2016

Highlights d Specific vertebrate neural progenitor populations generated in vitro d Gene expressi... more Highlights d Specific vertebrate neural progenitor populations generated in vitro d Gene expression dynamics, transcription factor binding assessed in neural progenitors d Progenitor fate selected by repressors blocking entire programs of other identities d Repressors counteract non-selective morphogen and panneural activatory inputs