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Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

During the last twenty years, the most enthusiastic advocates of the use of animal models in the ... more During the last twenty years, the most enthusiastic advocates of the use of animal models in the study of human psychiatric dysfunction have been Harlow and Suomi. In an influential paper, Induced Depression in Monkeys (1974), they argued that more extensive use of non-human primates “would have great potential utility since many manipulations and measurements presently prohibited in human study by ethical and practical considerations could be readily performed on non-human primate subjects in well-controlled experimental environments.” Harlow & Suomi concluded this paper with the following statement: “The results obtained to date on induced depression in monkeys show that proper and profound depressions can be produced relatively easily by a variety of techniques. These induced depressions either bear a close resemblance to human depression or have such similarity as to suggest that closely correlated human and animal depressive patterns may be achieved with refined techniques. The...

British Journal of Psychiatry

Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research

Current Diagnostic Pathology

Iatrogenic rashes present a difficult problem for the histopathologist, who tends to be called in... more Iatrogenic rashes present a difficult problem for the histopathologist, who tends to be called in only when the dermatologist is in doubt about the diagnosis. By definition, therefore, the cases submitted for histological examination are in some way atypical clinically, and will therefore be atypical histologically. Most iatrogenic rashes mimic idiopathic skin diseases such as lichen planus, psoriasis, etc. and the histopathologist's problem is to determine whether the lesion is most likely to be idiopathic or the drug-induced equivalent. There are no simple indicators which can be applied across the board; the single most useful indicator (eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate) is not foolproof because many idiopathic skin lesions contain eosinophils as a natural component. In this short review, a few clues are given which may indicate an iatrogenic cause for a rash. Even so, it is rare that a histopathologist can be certain that a particular rash is drug-induced rather than idiopathic without full discussion with the clinician, and a full and detailed drug history which should include enquiry into the ingestion of 'over the counter' and 'health' preparations. It is also now important to ask about 'recreational' drugs, since the effects on skin of substances such as 'Ecstasy' and glue are currently unknown. In very few conditions, mainly toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and fixed drug eruption, can the cause be almost certainly ascribed to drugs. However, these conditions are so clinically characteristic that the histopathologist is rarely called upon to provide a histological diagnosis, except in the most severe cases where histological confirmation is required because of the serious implications of the disease.

This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and is releasable to the Nat... more This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public, including foreign nations. 6 RADC-TR-88-76 has been reviewed and is approved for publication.

Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 2004

Clinica Reports: The Complete Guide to the Diagnostics Market 2004–2009 M Simonsen PJB Publicat... more Clinica Reports: The Complete Guide to the Diagnostics Market 2004–2009 M Simonsen PJB Publication, Richmond; 2003; 262pp; £1300

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

During the last twenty years, the most enthusiastic advocates of the use of animal models in the ... more During the last twenty years, the most enthusiastic advocates of the use of animal models in the study of human psychiatric dysfunction have been Harlow and Suomi. In an influential paper, Induced Depression in Monkeys (1974), they argued that more extensive use of non-human primates “would have great potential utility since many manipulations and measurements presently prohibited in human study by ethical and practical considerations could be readily performed on non-human primate subjects in well-controlled experimental environments.” Harlow & Suomi concluded this paper with the following statement: “The results obtained to date on induced depression in monkeys show that proper and profound depressions can be produced relatively easily by a variety of techniques. These induced depressions either bear a close resemblance to human depression or have such similarity as to suggest that closely correlated human and animal depressive patterns may be achieved with refined techniques. The...

British Journal of Psychiatry

Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research

Current Diagnostic Pathology

Iatrogenic rashes present a difficult problem for the histopathologist, who tends to be called in... more Iatrogenic rashes present a difficult problem for the histopathologist, who tends to be called in only when the dermatologist is in doubt about the diagnosis. By definition, therefore, the cases submitted for histological examination are in some way atypical clinically, and will therefore be atypical histologically. Most iatrogenic rashes mimic idiopathic skin diseases such as lichen planus, psoriasis, etc. and the histopathologist's problem is to determine whether the lesion is most likely to be idiopathic or the drug-induced equivalent. There are no simple indicators which can be applied across the board; the single most useful indicator (eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate) is not foolproof because many idiopathic skin lesions contain eosinophils as a natural component. In this short review, a few clues are given which may indicate an iatrogenic cause for a rash. Even so, it is rare that a histopathologist can be certain that a particular rash is drug-induced rather than idiopathic without full discussion with the clinician, and a full and detailed drug history which should include enquiry into the ingestion of 'over the counter' and 'health' preparations. It is also now important to ask about 'recreational' drugs, since the effects on skin of substances such as 'Ecstasy' and glue are currently unknown. In very few conditions, mainly toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), Stevens-Johnson syndrome and fixed drug eruption, can the cause be almost certainly ascribed to drugs. However, these conditions are so clinically characteristic that the histopathologist is rarely called upon to provide a histological diagnosis, except in the most severe cases where histological confirmation is required because of the serious implications of the disease.

This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and is releasable to the Nat... more This report has been reviewed by the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public, including foreign nations. 6 RADC-TR-88-76 has been reviewed and is approved for publication.

Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 2004

Clinica Reports: The Complete Guide to the Diagnostics Market 2004–2009 M Simonsen PJB Publicat... more Clinica Reports: The Complete Guide to the Diagnostics Market 2004–2009 M Simonsen PJB Publication, Richmond; 2003; 262pp; £1300