asunta mukami - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by asunta mukami
Tooth decay is an infection due to demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the te... more Tooth decay is an infection due to demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth by oral microbes. It is as a result of production of acid by bacterial fermentation of food debris accumulated on the tooth surface. Depending on the extent of tooth destruction, various treatments can be used to restore teeth to normality, but there is no known method to regenerate large amounts of tooth structure. Instead, Dental Health Organizations advocates preventive and prophylactic measures, such as regular oral hygiene and dietary modifications to avoid dental caries. Herbal remedies have a long history of use for gum and tooth problem such as dental caries. Solanum incanum L. fruits are locally used to manage the tooth decay which is caused by mouth microbes. In this study, the effect of Solanum incanum fruit extracts on growth of oral microbes was investigated. When the microbes were treated with Solanum incanum fruit extract at concentration; 10 μl, 20 μl, 30 μl, and 40 μ...
![Research paper thumbnail of Efficient plant regeneration protocol for finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] via somatic embryogenesis](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77458239/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](In the present study, an efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was ... more In the present study, an efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was established in six finger millet varieties (GBK-043137, GBK-043128, GBK-043124, GBK-043122, GBK-043094 and GBK-043050). Shoot tips from 3 days in vitro grown plants were inoculated on MS supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis. For shoot regeneration, somatic embryos were cultured on various concentrations of BAP, while root induction was done using different concentrations and combinations of NAA, kinetin, BAP and 2,4-D. Acclimatization of regenerated plants was tested using forest soil, cocopeat, manure, sand and fertilizer either singly or in combination. Best callus formation was achieved on 2.5 mg/l of 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/l BAP with a mean of 12.33±0.33 on variety GBK-043128 while shooting and rooting were best o...
![Research paper thumbnail of Rapid and efficient plant regeneration from shoot apical meristems of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] via direct organogenesis](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77458232/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](African Journal of Biotechnology
A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in fing... more A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in finger millet using in vitro derived shoot apical meristems. Six varieties; GBK-043128, GBK-043094, GBK-043050, GBK-043137, GBK-043122 and GBK-043124 were evaluated. MS medium was used for cotyledonary germination. Maximum number of shoots (84.33%) was observed in variety GBK-043128 while GBK-043094 had the least germination efficiency (62. 67%). Shoot apical meristems from threeday old seedlings were evaluated for their potency of shoot induction on varied 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations. Highest shoot induction was observed in medium supplemented with 1.75 mg/l BAP in GBK-043050 (3.00) whereas GBK-043094 (1.28) had the least response in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. To induce rooting, in vitro regenerated plants cultured on MS medium was supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. The highest response in root induction, with a larger number of roots (10.28), was observed in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 µM IAA. Statistical analysis indicated that plant regeneration response varied greatly among the varieties. In vitro germinated plants were successfully transferred to the greenhouse after hardening, with 300 shoots developing into fertile plants, which were indistinguishable with wild type plants. This plant regeneration system has potential for production of transgenic finger millet crops.
Frontiers in Plant Science
Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops.... more Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops. Finger millet is an important cereal grown in many arid and semi-arid areas of the world characterized by erratic rainfall and scarcity of good-quality water. Finger millet salinity stress is caused by the accumulation of soluble salts due to irrigation without a proper drainage system, coupled with the underlying rocks having a high salt content, which leads to the salinization of arable land. This problem is projected to be exacerbated by climate change. The use of new and efficient strategies that provide stable salinity tolerance across a wide range of environments can guarantee sustainable production of finger millet in the future. In this review, we analyze the strategies that have been used for salinity stress management in finger millet production and discuss potential future directions toward the development of salt-tolerant finger millet varieties. This review also describes h...
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
Drought is the most perilous abiotic stress that affects finger millet growth and productivity wo... more Drought is the most perilous abiotic stress that affects finger millet growth and productivity worldwide. For the successful production of finger millet, selection of drought tolerant varieties is necessary and critical stages under drought stress, germination and early seedling growth, ought to be fully understood. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of six finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094 and GBK043050) under mannitol-induced drought stress. Seeds were germinated on sterile soil and irrigated with various concentrations of mannitol (200, 400 and 600 mM) for two weeks. Comparative analysis in terms of relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured the physiological and biochemical characteristics of drought stress. The results showed that increased level of drought stress seriously decreased germination and early seedling growth of finger millet variet...
Finger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regi... more Finger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regions of East Africa. However, salinity is known to be a major impediment for the crop growth and production. The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms of physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of six Kenyan finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094, and GBK043050) grown across different agroecological zones under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Seeds were germinated on the sterile soil and treated using various concentrations of NaCl (100, 200 and 300 mM) for two weeks. Again, the early seedling stage of germinated plants was irrigated with the same salt concentrations for 60 days. Results indicated depression in germination percentage, shoot and root growth rate, leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content contents, leaf K ion concentration, and leaf K/Na ratios in all varieties studied with increased salt le...
Tooth decay is an infection due to demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the te... more Tooth decay is an infection due to demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth by oral microbes. It is as a result of production of acid by bacterial fermentation of food debris accumulated on the tooth surface. Depending on the extent of tooth destruction, various treatments can be used to restore teeth to normality, but there is no known method to regenerate large amounts of tooth structure. Instead, Dental Health Organizations advocates preventive and prophylactic measures, such as regular oral hygiene and dietary modifications to avoid dental caries. Herbal remedies have a long history of use for gum and tooth problem such as dental caries. Solanum incanum L. fruits are locally used to manage the tooth decay which is caused by mouth microbes. In this study, the effect of Solanum incanum fruit extracts on growth of oral microbes was investigated. When the microbes were treated with Solanum incanum fruit extract at concentration; 10 μl, 20 μl, 30 μl, and 40 μ...
In the present study, an efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was ... more In the present study, an efficient protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was established in six finger millet varieties (GBK-043137, GBK-043128, GBK-043124, GBK-043122, GBK-043094 and GBK-043050). Shoot tips from 3 days in vitro grown plants were inoculated on MS supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis. For shoot regeneration, somatic embryos were cultured on various concentrations of BAP, while root induction was done using different concentrations and combinations of NAA, kinetin, BAP and 2,4-D. Acclimatization of regenerated plants was tested using forest soil, cocopeat, manure, sand and fertilizer either singly or in combination. Best callus formation was achieved on 2.5 mg/l of 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/l BAP with a mean of 12.33±0.33 on variety GBK-043128 while shooting and rooting were best o...
African Journal of Biotechnology
A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in fing... more A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in finger millet using in vitro derived shoot apical meristems. Six varieties; GBK-043128, GBK-043094, GBK-043050, GBK-043137, GBK-043122 and GBK-043124 were evaluated. MS medium was used for cotyledonary germination. Maximum number of shoots (84.33%) was observed in variety GBK-043128 while GBK-043094 had the least germination efficiency (62. 67%). Shoot apical meristems from threeday old seedlings were evaluated for their potency of shoot induction on varied 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations. Highest shoot induction was observed in medium supplemented with 1.75 mg/l BAP in GBK-043050 (3.00) whereas GBK-043094 (1.28) had the least response in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. To induce rooting, in vitro regenerated plants cultured on MS medium was supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. The highest response in root induction, with a larger number of roots (10.28), was observed in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 µM IAA. Statistical analysis indicated that plant regeneration response varied greatly among the varieties. In vitro germinated plants were successfully transferred to the greenhouse after hardening, with 300 shoots developing into fertile plants, which were indistinguishable with wild type plants. This plant regeneration system has potential for production of transgenic finger millet crops.
Frontiers in Plant Science
Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops.... more Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops. Finger millet is an important cereal grown in many arid and semi-arid areas of the world characterized by erratic rainfall and scarcity of good-quality water. Finger millet salinity stress is caused by the accumulation of soluble salts due to irrigation without a proper drainage system, coupled with the underlying rocks having a high salt content, which leads to the salinization of arable land. This problem is projected to be exacerbated by climate change. The use of new and efficient strategies that provide stable salinity tolerance across a wide range of environments can guarantee sustainable production of finger millet in the future. In this review, we analyze the strategies that have been used for salinity stress management in finger millet production and discuss potential future directions toward the development of salt-tolerant finger millet varieties. This review also describes h...
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
Drought is the most perilous abiotic stress that affects finger millet growth and productivity wo... more Drought is the most perilous abiotic stress that affects finger millet growth and productivity worldwide. For the successful production of finger millet, selection of drought tolerant varieties is necessary and critical stages under drought stress, germination and early seedling growth, ought to be fully understood. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of six finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094 and GBK043050) under mannitol-induced drought stress. Seeds were germinated on sterile soil and irrigated with various concentrations of mannitol (200, 400 and 600 mM) for two weeks. Comparative analysis in terms of relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured the physiological and biochemical characteristics of drought stress. The results showed that increased level of drought stress seriously decreased germination and early seedling growth of finger millet variet...
Finger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regi... more Finger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regions of East Africa. However, salinity is known to be a major impediment for the crop growth and production. The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms of physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of six Kenyan finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094, and GBK043050) grown across different agroecological zones under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Seeds were germinated on the sterile soil and treated using various concentrations of NaCl (100, 200 and 300 mM) for two weeks. Again, the early seedling stage of germinated plants was irrigated with the same salt concentrations for 60 days. Results indicated depression in germination percentage, shoot and root growth rate, leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content contents, leaf K ion concentration, and leaf K/Na ratios in all varieties studied with increased salt le...