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Papers by dyah ayu kurniawati

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity depends on the type derived from a clonal population. A genetic a... more Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity depends on the type derived from a clonal population. A genetic analysis of the locus has been carried out to determine the different genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are associated with human toxoplasmosis. The several genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are linked to human toxoplasmosis have been identified through genetic study of the locus. In this investigation, PCR-RFLP was found to be a useful, and simple method genotypic characterization. The objective of this study was to genotyping characterize T. gondii RH and BEV strains isolates by PCR-RFLP using several restriction enzymes. T. gondii tachyzoite DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using dense granule genetic markers (GRA1 and GRA7) designed with Primer3plus. The amplification were digested using the restriction enzymes. The PCR-RFLP amplified dense granule products was used to classify strains into two genotypes of T. gondii (virulent and ...

Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 2020

Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian nation... more Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian national park. In the past decades, excessive feeding has induced change in macaque behaviour which increased the number of recorded human-macaque interaction. The close contact between macaque and humans can increase the risk of disease transmissions. This study aimed to identify gastro intestinal (GI) parasite in the long-tailed macaque. To provide identification, we adopted morphologic methods. We collected 100 faeces from unidentified individuals of Long-tailed macaque in BNP. Fecal samples were tested using direct smear and modified sugar floatation techniques. Microscopic examination showed 89% (89/100) samples were found to be positive of GI parasite. The prevalence of protozoa infection was higher (89%) than helminth (83%). The most prevalent GI parasite is Trichostrongylus sp (66%) following with Entamoeba sp. (53%), Strongyloides sp. (32%), Blastocystis sp. (32%), Trichuris sp.(17%),...

Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 2020

Interaksi yang dekat antara monyet ekor panjang dengan manusia dapat meningkatkan risiko penulara... more Interaksi yang dekat antara monyet ekor panjang dengan manusia dapat meningkatkan risiko penularan penyakit zoonosis. Blastocystis sp. adalah protozoa gastrointestinal pada manusia dan hewan yang yang bersifat zoonosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Blastocystis sp. yang menginfeksi monyet ekor panjang melalui identifikasi molekuler. Identifikasi Blastocystis sp. pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode morfologis dan molekuler. Sebanyak 90 feses individu monyet ekor panjang Taman Nasional Baluran dilakukan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis setelah dilakukan kultur pada Jones Medium. 28 dari sampel yang positif secara mikroskopis dilanjutkan dengan uji PCR dengan target primer barcode region yang mempunyai visualisasi 600bp. Tiga sampel dengan band positif 600bp dilanjutkan dengan squencing. Hasil sekuens diproses dalam BLAST dan MLST. Satu sampel yang terkonfirmasi sebagai Blastocystis sp. dengan infeksi campuran dari subtipe 1 alel 2 dan subtipe 3 alel 34. Hasil menun...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Protozoa Entamoeba spp. is the causative agent of amoebiasis that can infect humans and livestock... more Protozoa Entamoeba spp. is the causative agent of amoebiasis that can infect humans and livestock. Several species that infect pigs are E. suis, E. polecki, E. histolytica, and E. coli. However, microscopic examination through morphological identification of parasites couldn't determine the genus and species level identity, leading to misdiagnosis. Therefore, molecular techniques are needed for accurate diagnosis with species-specific primers. In this study, 100 fecal samples were collected from pig farms in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study aims to identify, using molecular techniques, the presence of Entamoeba spp. with the SSUrRNA gene as a marker to determine the diversity of Entamoeba species in pigs and to detect co-infection with other gastrointestinal parasites in Kupang. The result was found: E. suis 98% (98/100), E. polecki 44% (44/100), E. polecki ST3 10% (10/100), and E. coli 20% (30/100) spread on pig farms in 8 villages in Kupang. Furthermore, E. polecki ST3 and E. coli finding show that pigs in several areas in Kupang are infected with potentially zoonotic species. In addition to finding various species of Entamoeba by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification, based on microscopic examination, other gastrointestinal parasites were also found as co-infections, namely: Eimeria sp. (34%), Cystoisospora suis (30%), Strongyloides sp. (34%), Oesophagostomum sp. (51%), Metastrongylus sp. (18%), and Trichuris suis (8%). That is the first report concerning mixed infections with E. suis, E. polecki ST3, E. coli, and other gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Kupang, Indonesia.

International Journal of One Health

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause i... more Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to infect pigs. The most common type of LA-MRSA identified in pork and pork products is the clonal complex LA-MRSA 398 (LA-MRSA CC398). The MRSA strains on the surface of pork carcasses can be spread during the handling and processing of pork and pork products through human hands, cutting tools, and any surface that comes into direct contact with pork. Food infection is the main risk of MRSA in pork and pork products consumed by humans. Antibiotics to treat food infection cases due to MRSA infection include vancomycin and tigecycline. The spread of MRSA in pork and pork products is preventable by appropriately cooking and cooling the pork an...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Entamoeba spp. is one of the most common protozoa in humans and non-human primates. Several speci... more Entamoeba spp. is one of the most common protozoa in humans and non-human primates. Several species of Entamoeba are considered pathogenic, andone of them is Entamoeba histolytica has become a major public health concern. Contact between humans and Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park has become more frequent in the last 10 years due to the habit of tourists providing food. This condition increases the potential of zoonoses between humans and Long-tailed Macaques. The aims of this study are to determine the diversity of species of Entamoeba spp. and the potential zoonosis from the Long-Tailed Macaque in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park. In this study, 200 Fecal samples were collected from Long-tailed Macaques from Baluran National Park (100 samples) and Alas Purwo National Park (100 samples), examined both morphological and molecular examination with Entamoeba genus-specific primer. Positive samples were continued to be examined for the presence of 7 Entamoeba species by PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene. The results were found that 53% (53/100) of the samples were identified as Entamoeba spp. from Baluran National Park, and four Entamoeba species were identified, Entamoeba coli 84.9% (45/53), Entamoeba chattoni 58.9% (31/53), Entamoeba hartmanni 7.5% (4/53), and Entamoeba moshkovskii 13.2% (7/53), and among these, 58.49% (31/53) were mixed infections. The results from Alas Purwo National Park showed 82% (82/100) and three species of Entamoeba were detected by molecular tests, E. chattoni (90%), E. coli (85%) and E. moshkovskii (8.5%). The conclusion of the current study revealed the prevalence and diversity of Entamoeba species in Long-tailed Macaques in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia. This study is the first report on the diversity of Entamoeba species with molecular detection. The risk of zoonosis transmission in the region needs to be closely monitored.

Biodiversitas, Jun 29, 2022

Eimeria spp. infection in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase the susceptibility t... more Eimeria spp. infection in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase the susceptibility to infection with other infectious diseases, so the government needs attention to coccidiosis in cattle. Coccidiosis can easily be found in farms that are managed with poor management systems, housing sanitation, and poor environment. Cases of coccidiosis often do not show clinical symptoms and cause sudden death of livestock. This study aimed to identify Eimeria spp., morphologically the cause of coccidiosis in beef cattle. Fresh feces were collected from 120 beef cattle from smallholder farms in Bangkalan District. The results of stool examination revealed that 70 (58.33%) positive samples containing Eimeria spp. oocysts. The six Eimeria species obtained from the samples were: Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria ellipsoidal, Eimeria subspherica, Eimeria aubernensis, and Eimeria canadinensis. Calculation of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces showed that most cows were infected with mild to moderate coccidiosis. Morphological identification can be used to diagnose Eimeria species in coccidiosis in beef cattle.

Veterinary World

Background and Aim: In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute... more Background and Aim: In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute to the improvement of regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are protozoans that are commonly found in ruminants. This study aimed to identify the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle. Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh fecal samples were collected from 100 cattle in Kamal Subdistrict, Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Morphological detection was performed using a light microscope, and molecular identification was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. DNA amplification was conducted using various species-specific primers for Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria alabamensis, Eimeria ellipsoidalis, and Eimeria cylindrica. Results: The results obtained 21% (21/100) of Eimeria spp. based on morphological detection. A total of 15 positive samples with 500–25,000/mL oocysts were selected for DNA extraction and ampl...

F1000Research

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contaminatio... more Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collected from the udder or from the hands of farmers during the milking process. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of MRSA contamination in dairy cow's milk and farmer's hand swabs. Methods: A total of 109 samples of dairy cow’s milk and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were collected at a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were cultured and purified using mannitol salt agar (MSA). The profile of S. aureus resistance was established by disk diffusion test using a disk of beta-lactam antibiotics, namely oxacillin and cefoxitin. Results: The S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and ce...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is... more Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is one of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria in dairy farming. These bacteria can quickly develop into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) properties can be known as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) if these bacteria are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The high number of MDR and MRSA contamination in dairy farms as a result of excessive administration of antibiotics in the treatment of dairy cows and the spread of these bacteria cannot be separated from the sanitation management at the time of milking, it can be from milk that is milked from the udder and it can also be from the hands of farmers during the milking process. This study tests antibiotic resistance and detects Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains sourced from milk and hand swabs of farmers in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 109 dairy cow's milk samples and 41 samples of farmers' hand swabs were taken from each farm. Samples were cultured and purified using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Staphylococcus aureus resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion test using antibiotic disks such as Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were resistant to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of the isolation and identification found 80 (53.33%) S. aureus isolates, then the results of the resistance test found 8 (10%) S. aureus isolates that were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and in the Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) test there were 3 isolates of S. aureus MDR were ORSAB positive. It can be found that there are several S. aureus isolates that are Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in dairy farms. The S. aureus that is MDR and MRSA can be spread to the community and will endanger public health. Thus, prevention and control measures are needed to suppress the spread of S. aureus infection on a dairy farm in Probolinggo,

Jurnal Veteriner, 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi E. suis pada babi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi E. suis pada babi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Pegirian, Surabaya. Sebanyak 63 sampel feses babi dikoleksi dari RPH Pegirian Surabaya. Deteksi morfologis Entamoeba spp. dilakukan dengan metode apung (analisis parasitologi). Selain itu, penentuan spesies E. suis dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer Esuis764 (5’-ATC AAA TCA ATT AGG CAT AAC TA-3’) dan Esuis765 (5’-AAT TAA AAC CTT ACG GCT TTA AA-3’) dan prodak PCR yang diharapkan adalah 320 bp. DNA dari sampel positif diekstraksi dengan DNAzol. PCR dilakukan pada beberapa sampel positif yang dipilih secara acak dari analisis parasitologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 57,14% (36/63) sampel secara morfologis positif Entamoeba sp. Hasil penentuan spesies berdasarkan analisis molekuler menemukan bahwa protozoa yang menginveksi babi di Rumah Potong Hewan Pegirian, Surabaya adalah E. suis.

Introduction: : Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the oldest national parks in Indonesia. Due... more Introduction: : Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the oldest national parks in Indonesia. Due to its natural beauty, BNP is also the highest number of tourists in Indonesia. Macaca fascicularis is one of the species that has a high population abundance in several park locations. Several species of Entamoeba have been reported as pathogenic and non-pathogenic to humans and Non-human primates (NHP). The aim of this research was to detect gen 18 SSU rDNA of Entamoeba spp in long-tailed macaque at Baluran National Park. Methods: A total 100 faecal samples of Macaca fascicularis taken from BNP, Indonesia. Samples were purified with sugar flotation methods, and extracted the DNA using DNAzol. For molecular identification of Entamoeba spp, using primer pairs Entamoeba-specific primers, including Entam1 (5-GTT GAT CCT GCC AGT ATT ATA TG-3) and Entam2 (5-CAC TAT TGG AGC TGG AAT TAC-3), have been designed by Verweij et al. Amplification is carried out 5 min at 95° C; 40 denaturation cycle...

Parasitology International, 2021

Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are exp... more Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are expected to contribute to improving the regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are the most pathogenic protozoans among gastrointestinal parasites in livestock but no molecular surveys of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle have been conducted to date. In this study, a total of 183 fecal samples were collected from Madura cattle and 60 (32.8%) were positive for parasites of protozoans and nematodes by the sugar floatation method. Among the samples with parasites, Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 50 samples (27.3%) with an average OPG value of 1686.1. Eimeria spp. were successfully identified to the species level in 26 samples with Entamoeba bovis being the most prevalent, followed by E. zuernii and E. aubrunensis. A total of 21 samples showed mixed infection of more than two species of Eimeria. E. bovis and E. zuernii have been recognized as having high virulency and, thus, these parasites are potential sources of severe coccidiosis and the cause of infections in other cattle. Although additional studies are warranted, these results can be helpful for improving the management and productivity of Madura cattle.

Dyah Ayu Kurniawati, Efek Pemaparan Insektisida Karbofuran (2,3- Dihidro-2,2-Dimetil-7-Benzofuran... more Dyah Ayu Kurniawati, Efek Pemaparan Insektisida Karbofuran (2,3- Dihidro-2,2-Dimetil-7-Benzofuranyl-N-Methylcarbamate) Pada Induk Mencit Periode Laktasi Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Anak Mencit (Mus Musculus). Penelitian ini di bawah bimbingan Dr Widjiati drh., M.Si sebagai dosen pembimbing pertama dan Prof. Dr. Suwarno drh., M.Si sebagai dosen pembimbing kedua. Penelitian ini juga dibawah bimbingan penelitian Dr Epy Muhammad Luqman, drh., M.Si. selaku ketua penelitian. Dalam pertanian penggunaan insektisida karbofuran golongan karbamat paling sering digunakan dan menimbulkan banyak kejadian keracunan pada manusia maupun hewan. Selain berdampak langsung ditemukan bahwa karbofuran dapat terakumulasi pada produk-produk pertanian, daging, jaringan lemak, plasenta, fetus, umbilicus, darah serta susu. Mekanisme kerja karbofuran yakni menghambat asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dan meningkatkan radikal bebas seperti reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pembentukan senyawa oksigen reaktif ter...

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity depends on the type derived from a clonal population. A genetic a... more Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity depends on the type derived from a clonal population. A genetic analysis of the locus has been carried out to determine the different genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are associated with human toxoplasmosis. The several genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are linked to human toxoplasmosis have been identified through genetic study of the locus. In this investigation, PCR-RFLP was found to be a useful, and simple method genotypic characterization. The objective of this study was to genotyping characterize T. gondii RH and BEV strains isolates by PCR-RFLP using several restriction enzymes. T. gondii tachyzoite DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using dense granule genetic markers (GRA1 and GRA7) designed with Primer3plus. The amplification were digested using the restriction enzymes. The PCR-RFLP amplified dense granule products was used to classify strains into two genotypes of T. gondii (virulent and ...

Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 2020

Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian nation... more Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian national park. In the past decades, excessive feeding has induced change in macaque behaviour which increased the number of recorded human-macaque interaction. The close contact between macaque and humans can increase the risk of disease transmissions. This study aimed to identify gastro intestinal (GI) parasite in the long-tailed macaque. To provide identification, we adopted morphologic methods. We collected 100 faeces from unidentified individuals of Long-tailed macaque in BNP. Fecal samples were tested using direct smear and modified sugar floatation techniques. Microscopic examination showed 89% (89/100) samples were found to be positive of GI parasite. The prevalence of protozoa infection was higher (89%) than helminth (83%). The most prevalent GI parasite is Trichostrongylus sp (66%) following with Entamoeba sp. (53%), Strongyloides sp. (32%), Blastocystis sp. (32%), Trichuris sp.(17%),...

Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 2020

Interaksi yang dekat antara monyet ekor panjang dengan manusia dapat meningkatkan risiko penulara... more Interaksi yang dekat antara monyet ekor panjang dengan manusia dapat meningkatkan risiko penularan penyakit zoonosis. Blastocystis sp. adalah protozoa gastrointestinal pada manusia dan hewan yang yang bersifat zoonosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Blastocystis sp. yang menginfeksi monyet ekor panjang melalui identifikasi molekuler. Identifikasi Blastocystis sp. pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode morfologis dan molekuler. Sebanyak 90 feses individu monyet ekor panjang Taman Nasional Baluran dilakukan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis setelah dilakukan kultur pada Jones Medium. 28 dari sampel yang positif secara mikroskopis dilanjutkan dengan uji PCR dengan target primer barcode region yang mempunyai visualisasi 600bp. Tiga sampel dengan band positif 600bp dilanjutkan dengan squencing. Hasil sekuens diproses dalam BLAST dan MLST. Satu sampel yang terkonfirmasi sebagai Blastocystis sp. dengan infeksi campuran dari subtipe 1 alel 2 dan subtipe 3 alel 34. Hasil menun...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Protozoa Entamoeba spp. is the causative agent of amoebiasis that can infect humans and livestock... more Protozoa Entamoeba spp. is the causative agent of amoebiasis that can infect humans and livestock. Several species that infect pigs are E. suis, E. polecki, E. histolytica, and E. coli. However, microscopic examination through morphological identification of parasites couldn't determine the genus and species level identity, leading to misdiagnosis. Therefore, molecular techniques are needed for accurate diagnosis with species-specific primers. In this study, 100 fecal samples were collected from pig farms in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study aims to identify, using molecular techniques, the presence of Entamoeba spp. with the SSUrRNA gene as a marker to determine the diversity of Entamoeba species in pigs and to detect co-infection with other gastrointestinal parasites in Kupang. The result was found: E. suis 98% (98/100), E. polecki 44% (44/100), E. polecki ST3 10% (10/100), and E. coli 20% (30/100) spread on pig farms in 8 villages in Kupang. Furthermore, E. polecki ST3 and E. coli finding show that pigs in several areas in Kupang are infected with potentially zoonotic species. In addition to finding various species of Entamoeba by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification, based on microscopic examination, other gastrointestinal parasites were also found as co-infections, namely: Eimeria sp. (34%), Cystoisospora suis (30%), Strongyloides sp. (34%), Oesophagostomum sp. (51%), Metastrongylus sp. (18%), and Trichuris suis (8%). That is the first report concerning mixed infections with E. suis, E. polecki ST3, E. coli, and other gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Kupang, Indonesia.

International Journal of One Health

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause i... more Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause infection in animals and humans. Recently, MRSA from food-producing or farm animals has been identified as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). The spread of LA-MRSA is particularly found in pork and pork products because LA-MRSA has been widely known to infect pigs. The most common type of LA-MRSA identified in pork and pork products is the clonal complex LA-MRSA 398 (LA-MRSA CC398). The MRSA strains on the surface of pork carcasses can be spread during the handling and processing of pork and pork products through human hands, cutting tools, and any surface that comes into direct contact with pork. Food infection is the main risk of MRSA in pork and pork products consumed by humans. Antibiotics to treat food infection cases due to MRSA infection include vancomycin and tigecycline. The spread of MRSA in pork and pork products is preventable by appropriately cooking and cooling the pork an...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Entamoeba spp. is one of the most common protozoa in humans and non-human primates. Several speci... more Entamoeba spp. is one of the most common protozoa in humans and non-human primates. Several species of Entamoeba are considered pathogenic, andone of them is Entamoeba histolytica has become a major public health concern. Contact between humans and Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park has become more frequent in the last 10 years due to the habit of tourists providing food. This condition increases the potential of zoonoses between humans and Long-tailed Macaques. The aims of this study are to determine the diversity of species of Entamoeba spp. and the potential zoonosis from the Long-Tailed Macaque in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park. In this study, 200 Fecal samples were collected from Long-tailed Macaques from Baluran National Park (100 samples) and Alas Purwo National Park (100 samples), examined both morphological and molecular examination with Entamoeba genus-specific primer. Positive samples were continued to be examined for the presence of 7 Entamoeba species by PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene. The results were found that 53% (53/100) of the samples were identified as Entamoeba spp. from Baluran National Park, and four Entamoeba species were identified, Entamoeba coli 84.9% (45/53), Entamoeba chattoni 58.9% (31/53), Entamoeba hartmanni 7.5% (4/53), and Entamoeba moshkovskii 13.2% (7/53), and among these, 58.49% (31/53) were mixed infections. The results from Alas Purwo National Park showed 82% (82/100) and three species of Entamoeba were detected by molecular tests, E. chattoni (90%), E. coli (85%) and E. moshkovskii (8.5%). The conclusion of the current study revealed the prevalence and diversity of Entamoeba species in Long-tailed Macaques in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia. This study is the first report on the diversity of Entamoeba species with molecular detection. The risk of zoonosis transmission in the region needs to be closely monitored.

Biodiversitas, Jun 29, 2022

Eimeria spp. infection in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase the susceptibility t... more Eimeria spp. infection in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase the susceptibility to infection with other infectious diseases, so the government needs attention to coccidiosis in cattle. Coccidiosis can easily be found in farms that are managed with poor management systems, housing sanitation, and poor environment. Cases of coccidiosis often do not show clinical symptoms and cause sudden death of livestock. This study aimed to identify Eimeria spp., morphologically the cause of coccidiosis in beef cattle. Fresh feces were collected from 120 beef cattle from smallholder farms in Bangkalan District. The results of stool examination revealed that 70 (58.33%) positive samples containing Eimeria spp. oocysts. The six Eimeria species obtained from the samples were: Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria ellipsoidal, Eimeria subspherica, Eimeria aubernensis, and Eimeria canadinensis. Calculation of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces showed that most cows were infected with mild to moderate coccidiosis. Morphological identification can be used to diagnose Eimeria species in coccidiosis in beef cattle.

Veterinary World

Background and Aim: In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute... more Background and Aim: In Indonesia, Madura cattle are native breeds that are expected to contribute to the improvement of regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are protozoans that are commonly found in ruminants. This study aimed to identify the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle. Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh fecal samples were collected from 100 cattle in Kamal Subdistrict, Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Morphological detection was performed using a light microscope, and molecular identification was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. DNA amplification was conducted using various species-specific primers for Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria alabamensis, Eimeria ellipsoidalis, and Eimeria cylindrica. Results: The results obtained 21% (21/100) of Eimeria spp. based on morphological detection. A total of 15 positive samples with 500–25,000/mL oocysts were selected for DNA extraction and ampl...

F1000Research

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contaminatio... more Background: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in dairy cows and is a source of contamination in milk. S. aureus that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics are referred to as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The spread of MRSA cannot be separated from sanitation management during milking; it can originate from milk collected from the udder or from the hands of farmers during the milking process. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of MRSA contamination in dairy cow's milk and farmer's hand swabs. Methods: A total of 109 samples of dairy cow’s milk and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were collected at a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were cultured and purified using mannitol salt agar (MSA). The profile of S. aureus resistance was established by disk diffusion test using a disk of beta-lactam antibiotics, namely oxacillin and cefoxitin. Results: The S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and ce...

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is... more Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is one of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria in dairy farming. These bacteria can quickly develop into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) properties can be known as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) if these bacteria are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The high number of MDR and MRSA contamination in dairy farms as a result of excessive administration of antibiotics in the treatment of dairy cows and the spread of these bacteria cannot be separated from the sanitation management at the time of milking, it can be from milk that is milked from the udder and it can also be from the hands of farmers during the milking process. This study tests antibiotic resistance and detects Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains sourced from milk and hand swabs of farmers in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 109 dairy cow's milk samples and 41 samples of farmers' hand swabs were taken from each farm. Samples were cultured and purified using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Staphylococcus aureus resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion test using antibiotic disks such as Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were resistant to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of the isolation and identification found 80 (53.33%) S. aureus isolates, then the results of the resistance test found 8 (10%) S. aureus isolates that were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and in the Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) test there were 3 isolates of S. aureus MDR were ORSAB positive. It can be found that there are several S. aureus isolates that are Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in dairy farms. The S. aureus that is MDR and MRSA can be spread to the community and will endanger public health. Thus, prevention and control measures are needed to suppress the spread of S. aureus infection on a dairy farm in Probolinggo,

Jurnal Veteriner, 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi E. suis pada babi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi E. suis pada babi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Pegirian, Surabaya. Sebanyak 63 sampel feses babi dikoleksi dari RPH Pegirian Surabaya. Deteksi morfologis Entamoeba spp. dilakukan dengan metode apung (analisis parasitologi). Selain itu, penentuan spesies E. suis dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer Esuis764 (5’-ATC AAA TCA ATT AGG CAT AAC TA-3’) dan Esuis765 (5’-AAT TAA AAC CTT ACG GCT TTA AA-3’) dan prodak PCR yang diharapkan adalah 320 bp. DNA dari sampel positif diekstraksi dengan DNAzol. PCR dilakukan pada beberapa sampel positif yang dipilih secara acak dari analisis parasitologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 57,14% (36/63) sampel secara morfologis positif Entamoeba sp. Hasil penentuan spesies berdasarkan analisis molekuler menemukan bahwa protozoa yang menginveksi babi di Rumah Potong Hewan Pegirian, Surabaya adalah E. suis.

Introduction: : Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the oldest national parks in Indonesia. Due... more Introduction: : Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the oldest national parks in Indonesia. Due to its natural beauty, BNP is also the highest number of tourists in Indonesia. Macaca fascicularis is one of the species that has a high population abundance in several park locations. Several species of Entamoeba have been reported as pathogenic and non-pathogenic to humans and Non-human primates (NHP). The aim of this research was to detect gen 18 SSU rDNA of Entamoeba spp in long-tailed macaque at Baluran National Park. Methods: A total 100 faecal samples of Macaca fascicularis taken from BNP, Indonesia. Samples were purified with sugar flotation methods, and extracted the DNA using DNAzol. For molecular identification of Entamoeba spp, using primer pairs Entamoeba-specific primers, including Entam1 (5-GTT GAT CCT GCC AGT ATT ATA TG-3) and Entam2 (5-CAC TAT TGG AGC TGG AAT TAC-3), have been designed by Verweij et al. Amplification is carried out 5 min at 95° C; 40 denaturation cycle...

Parasitology International, 2021

Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are exp... more Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are expected to contribute to improving the regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are the most pathogenic protozoans among gastrointestinal parasites in livestock but no molecular surveys of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle have been conducted to date. In this study, a total of 183 fecal samples were collected from Madura cattle and 60 (32.8%) were positive for parasites of protozoans and nematodes by the sugar floatation method. Among the samples with parasites, Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 50 samples (27.3%) with an average OPG value of 1686.1. Eimeria spp. were successfully identified to the species level in 26 samples with Entamoeba bovis being the most prevalent, followed by E. zuernii and E. aubrunensis. A total of 21 samples showed mixed infection of more than two species of Eimeria. E. bovis and E. zuernii have been recognized as having high virulency and, thus, these parasites are potential sources of severe coccidiosis and the cause of infections in other cattle. Although additional studies are warranted, these results can be helpful for improving the management and productivity of Madura cattle.

Dyah Ayu Kurniawati, Efek Pemaparan Insektisida Karbofuran (2,3- Dihidro-2,2-Dimetil-7-Benzofuran... more Dyah Ayu Kurniawati, Efek Pemaparan Insektisida Karbofuran (2,3- Dihidro-2,2-Dimetil-7-Benzofuranyl-N-Methylcarbamate) Pada Induk Mencit Periode Laktasi Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Anak Mencit (Mus Musculus). Penelitian ini di bawah bimbingan Dr Widjiati drh., M.Si sebagai dosen pembimbing pertama dan Prof. Dr. Suwarno drh., M.Si sebagai dosen pembimbing kedua. Penelitian ini juga dibawah bimbingan penelitian Dr Epy Muhammad Luqman, drh., M.Si. selaku ketua penelitian. Dalam pertanian penggunaan insektisida karbofuran golongan karbamat paling sering digunakan dan menimbulkan banyak kejadian keracunan pada manusia maupun hewan. Selain berdampak langsung ditemukan bahwa karbofuran dapat terakumulasi pada produk-produk pertanian, daging, jaringan lemak, plasenta, fetus, umbilicus, darah serta susu. Mekanisme kerja karbofuran yakni menghambat asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dan meningkatkan radikal bebas seperti reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pembentukan senyawa oksigen reaktif ter...