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Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2007
Objective We have evaluated patients who were referred to the colposcopy clinic with postcoital a... more Objective We have evaluated patients who were referred to the colposcopy clinic with postcoital and/or intermenstrual bleeding and suspicious looking cervix with normal smear tests (negative cytology) mainly to establish the incidence of underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in these groups and also to look at our intervention rate. Design Retrospective study. Setting Colposcopy clinic in a District General Hospital in the United Kingdom. Population A total of 134 patients out of 812 new referrals to our colposcopy clinic during the study period were due to clinical indications only. Results Main indication for referral with negative cytology was post coital bleeding (47.8%). The main causes of postcoital and intermenstrual bleeding were cervical ectropions and polyps. The incidence high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HiSIL) was 2.2% out of all the patients, which was determined after 66 biopsies. Conclusion In the majority of cases the pathology is benign. However the underlying prevalence of high-grade cervical disease in symptomatic women with normal smears necessitates colposcopy in selected cases. Prior assessment in the gynaecology clinic, to rule out common pathology like polyps and ectropions would reduce patient anxiety and inappropriate referrals to the clinic.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2007
To compare the time of colostrum expression and quantity of breast milk between early postpartum ... more To compare the time of colostrum expression and quantity of breast milk between early postpartum women who practiced exclusively breastfeeding and who had combined breast and bottle feeding. Seventy mothers who delivered term normal, singleton infants were voluntarily recruited during immediate postpartum period and allocated into two groups. Study group was 35 mothers who practiced exclusively breastfeeding and 35 mothers who practiced combined breast and bottle feeding were control group. Expression of colostrum at 12, 24, and 48 hours and quantity of breast milk at 48 hours after delivery were evaluated and compared between two groups. At 12 and 24 hours after delivery, 65.7% and 88.6% of study group had colostrum compared to 37.1% and 68.6% in control group, respectively. The difference was significantly higher in study group. However, at 48 hours after delivery, there was no statistical difference in both groups. Quantity of breast milk at 48 hours after delivery was 5 mL (2, 1...
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2007
Objective We have evaluated patients who were referred to the colposcopy clinic with postcoital a... more Objective We have evaluated patients who were referred to the colposcopy clinic with postcoital and/or intermenstrual bleeding and suspicious looking cervix with normal smear tests (negative cytology) mainly to establish the incidence of underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in these groups and also to look at our intervention rate. Design Retrospective study. Setting Colposcopy clinic in a District General Hospital in the United Kingdom. Population A total of 134 patients out of 812 new referrals to our colposcopy clinic during the study period were due to clinical indications only. Results Main indication for referral with negative cytology was post coital bleeding (47.8%). The main causes of postcoital and intermenstrual bleeding were cervical ectropions and polyps. The incidence high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HiSIL) was 2.2% out of all the patients, which was determined after 66 biopsies. Conclusion In the majority of cases the pathology is benign. However the underlying prevalence of high-grade cervical disease in symptomatic women with normal smears necessitates colposcopy in selected cases. Prior assessment in the gynaecology clinic, to rule out common pathology like polyps and ectropions would reduce patient anxiety and inappropriate referrals to the clinic.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2007
To compare the time of colostrum expression and quantity of breast milk between early postpartum ... more To compare the time of colostrum expression and quantity of breast milk between early postpartum women who practiced exclusively breastfeeding and who had combined breast and bottle feeding. Seventy mothers who delivered term normal, singleton infants were voluntarily recruited during immediate postpartum period and allocated into two groups. Study group was 35 mothers who practiced exclusively breastfeeding and 35 mothers who practiced combined breast and bottle feeding were control group. Expression of colostrum at 12, 24, and 48 hours and quantity of breast milk at 48 hours after delivery were evaluated and compared between two groups. At 12 and 24 hours after delivery, 65.7% and 88.6% of study group had colostrum compared to 37.1% and 68.6% in control group, respectively. The difference was significantly higher in study group. However, at 48 hours after delivery, there was no statistical difference in both groups. Quantity of breast milk at 48 hours after delivery was 5 mL (2, 1...